‘Concord’,the most well-known juice grape with a parentage of the North American grape species Vitis labrusca L.,possesses a special‘foxy’aroma predominantly resulted from the accumulation of methyl anthranilate(M...‘Concord’,the most well-known juice grape with a parentage of the North American grape species Vitis labrusca L.,possesses a special‘foxy’aroma predominantly resulted from the accumulation of methyl anthranilate(MA)in berries.This aroma,however,is often perceived as an undesirable attribute by wine consumers and rarely noticeable in the common table and wine grape species V.vinifera.Here we discovered homology-induced promoter indels as a major genetic mechanism for species-specific regulation of a key‘foxy’aroma gene,anthraniloyl-CoA:methanol acyltransferase(AMAT),that is responsible for MA biosynthesis.We found the absence of a 426-bp and/or a 42-bp sequence in AMAT promoters highly associated with high levels of AMAT expression and MA accumulation in‘Concord’and other V.labrusca-derived grapes.These promoter variants,all with direct and inverted repeats,were further confirmed in more than 1,300 Vitis germplasm.Moreover,functional impact of these indels was validated in transgenic Arabidopsis.Superimposed on the promoter regulation,large structural changes including exonic insertion of a retrotransposon were present at the AMAT locus in some V.vinifera grapes.Elucidation of the AMAT genetic regulation advances our understanding of the‘foxy’aroma trait and makes it genetically trackable and amenable in grapevine breeding.展开更多
Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions.Viticultural traits measuring vegetativ...Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions.Viticultural traits measuring vegetative growth,yield,berry quality,and nutrient uptake were collected at the beginning(1995 to 1999)and end(2017 to 2020)of the lifetime of a vineyard initially planted in 1991 and removed in 2021.X-ray Computed Tomography(CT)was used to measure ring widths in 103 vines.Ring width was modeled as a function of ring number using a negative exponential model.Early and late wood ring widths,cambium width,and scion trunk radius were correlated with 27 traits.Modeling of annual ring width shows that scions alter the width of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the decay of later rings,consistently shortening ring width throughout the lifetime of the vine.Ravaz index,juice pH,photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates,and instantaneous water use efficiency are correlated with scion trunk radius.Ultimately,our research indicates that rootstocks modulate secondary growth over years,altering physiology and agronomic traits.Rootstocks act in similar but distinct ways from climate to modulate ring width,which borrowing techniques from dendrochronology,can be used to monitor both genetic and environmental effects in woody perennial crop species.展开更多
The shoot structure of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera L.typically exhibits a three-node modular repetitive pattern,two sequential leaf-opposed tendrils followed by a tendril-free node.In this study,we investigate...The shoot structure of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera L.typically exhibits a three-node modular repetitive pattern,two sequential leaf-opposed tendrils followed by a tendril-free node.In this study,we investigated the molecular basis of this pattern by characterizing differentially expressed genes in 10 bulk samples of young tendril tissue from two grapevine populations showing segregation of mutant or wild-type shoot/tendril phyllotaxy.One population was the selfed progeny and the other one,an outcrossed progeny of a Vitis hybrid,‘Roger’s Red’.We analyzed 13375 expressed genes and carried out in-depth analyses of 324 of them,which were differentially expressed with a minimum of 1.5-fold changes between the mutant and wild-type bulk samples in both selfed and cross populations.A significant portion of these genes were direct cis-binding targets of 14 transcription factor families that were themselves differentially expressed.Network-based dependency analysis further revealed that most of the significantly rewired connections among the 10 most connected hub genes involved at least one transcription factor.TCP3 and MYB12,which were known important for plant-form development,were among these transcription factors.More importantly,TCP3 and MYB12 were found in this study to be involved in regulating the lignin gene PRX52,which is important to plant-form development.A further support evidence for the roles of TCP3-MYB12-PRX52 in contributing to tendril phyllotaxy was the findings of two other lignin-related genes uniquely expressed in the mutant phyllotaxy background.展开更多
基金supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service.
文摘‘Concord’,the most well-known juice grape with a parentage of the North American grape species Vitis labrusca L.,possesses a special‘foxy’aroma predominantly resulted from the accumulation of methyl anthranilate(MA)in berries.This aroma,however,is often perceived as an undesirable attribute by wine consumers and rarely noticeable in the common table and wine grape species V.vinifera.Here we discovered homology-induced promoter indels as a major genetic mechanism for species-specific regulation of a key‘foxy’aroma gene,anthraniloyl-CoA:methanol acyltransferase(AMAT),that is responsible for MA biosynthesis.We found the absence of a 426-bp and/or a 42-bp sequence in AMAT promoters highly associated with high levels of AMAT expression and MA accumulation in‘Concord’and other V.labrusca-derived grapes.These promoter variants,all with direct and inverted repeats,were further confirmed in more than 1,300 Vitis germplasm.Moreover,functional impact of these indels was validated in transgenic Arabidopsis.Superimposed on the promoter regulation,large structural changes including exonic insertion of a retrotransposon were present at the AMAT locus in some V.vinifera grapes.Elucidation of the AMAT genetic regulation advances our understanding of the‘foxy’aroma trait and makes it genetically trackable and amenable in grapevine breeding.
文摘Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions.Viticultural traits measuring vegetative growth,yield,berry quality,and nutrient uptake were collected at the beginning(1995 to 1999)and end(2017 to 2020)of the lifetime of a vineyard initially planted in 1991 and removed in 2021.X-ray Computed Tomography(CT)was used to measure ring widths in 103 vines.Ring width was modeled as a function of ring number using a negative exponential model.Early and late wood ring widths,cambium width,and scion trunk radius were correlated with 27 traits.Modeling of annual ring width shows that scions alter the width of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the decay of later rings,consistently shortening ring width throughout the lifetime of the vine.Ravaz index,juice pH,photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates,and instantaneous water use efficiency are correlated with scion trunk radius.Ultimately,our research indicates that rootstocks modulate secondary growth over years,altering physiology and agronomic traits.Rootstocks act in similar but distinct ways from climate to modulate ring width,which borrowing techniques from dendrochronology,can be used to monitor both genetic and environmental effects in woody perennial crop species.
文摘The shoot structure of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera L.typically exhibits a three-node modular repetitive pattern,two sequential leaf-opposed tendrils followed by a tendril-free node.In this study,we investigated the molecular basis of this pattern by characterizing differentially expressed genes in 10 bulk samples of young tendril tissue from two grapevine populations showing segregation of mutant or wild-type shoot/tendril phyllotaxy.One population was the selfed progeny and the other one,an outcrossed progeny of a Vitis hybrid,‘Roger’s Red’.We analyzed 13375 expressed genes and carried out in-depth analyses of 324 of them,which were differentially expressed with a minimum of 1.5-fold changes between the mutant and wild-type bulk samples in both selfed and cross populations.A significant portion of these genes were direct cis-binding targets of 14 transcription factor families that were themselves differentially expressed.Network-based dependency analysis further revealed that most of the significantly rewired connections among the 10 most connected hub genes involved at least one transcription factor.TCP3 and MYB12,which were known important for plant-form development,were among these transcription factors.More importantly,TCP3 and MYB12 were found in this study to be involved in regulating the lignin gene PRX52,which is important to plant-form development.A further support evidence for the roles of TCP3-MYB12-PRX52 in contributing to tendril phyllotaxy was the findings of two other lignin-related genes uniquely expressed in the mutant phyllotaxy background.
