Polar microalgae are microscopic organisms adapted to survive in cold and extreme habitats such as sea-ice,glaciers,lakes and snow.These microorganisms provide an essential basis as primary food sources in polar ecosy...Polar microalgae are microscopic organisms adapted to survive in cold and extreme habitats such as sea-ice,glaciers,lakes and snow.These microorganisms provide an essential basis as primary food sources in polar ecosystems.Despite their ecological importance,polar microalgae remain relatively unexplored compared to their tropical and temperate counterparts,largely due to the practical challenges of obtaining and maintaining material from the harsh polar environments.However,interest has recently surged due to their specific adaptations and potential for utilization in various fields.This review explores the survival strategies of polar microalgae and their commercial applications in healthcare and other fields.We also consider the processes involved in processing polar microalgae,from cultivation to extraction of bioactive compounds.Our findings highlight a growing need for research in this rapidly evolving field to unlock the potential of polar microalgae in multiple fields.展开更多
The Antarctic represents a largely untapped source for isolation of new microorganisms with potential to produce bio- active natural products. Actinomycetes are of special interest among such microorganisms as they ar...The Antarctic represents a largely untapped source for isolation of new microorganisms with potential to produce bio- active natural products. Actinomycetes are of special interest among such microorganisms as they are known to produce a large number of natural products, many of which have clinical, pharmaceutical or agricultural applications. We isolated, characterized and classified actinomycetes from soil samples collected from different locations on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, in the maritime Antarctic. A total of 95 putative actinomyeete strains were isolated from eight soil samples using eight types of selective isolation media. The strains were dereplicated into 16 groups based on morphology and Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis （ARDRA） patterns. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of representatives from each group showed that streptomy- cetes were the dominant actinomycetes isolated from these soils; however, there were also several strains belonging to diverse and rare genera in the class Actinobacteria, including Demetria, Glaciibacter, Kocuria, Marmoricola, Nakamurella and Tsukamurella. In addition, screening for antibacterial activity and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes showed that many of the actinomycete strains have the potential to produce antibacterial compounds.展开更多
In this study,we evaluated the pathogenic potential of the fungi Aspergillus thermomutatus and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa obtained from maritime Antarctic permafrost using in vivo experiments on immunocompromised BALB/c...In this study,we evaluated the pathogenic potential of the fungi Aspergillus thermomutatus and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa obtained from maritime Antarctic permafrost using in vivo experiments on immunocompromised BALB/c mice.Despite the low mortality observed,immunosuppressed animals infected with A.thermomutatus and R.mucilaginosa exhibited fluctuations in body mass and induced changes in the neuropsychiatric state of the mice.Fungi were recovered from the lungs,spleen,blood,and brain of infected mice at densities similar to but slightly lower than the inoculum up to 5 days post-inoculation.A.thermomutatus infection induced an inflammatory process in the lungs of infected BALB/c mice.In the target organs of animals infected with R.mucilaginosa,a notable fungal load was detected in the brains of infected animals.These results suggest that viable isolates of fungi such as A.thermomutatus and R.mucilaginosa originating from Antarctic permafrost,which is exposed to increasing melt caused by rising temperatures in the region,may present significant pathogenic potential.This highlights that climate change in Antarctica may facilitate the release and dispersal of fungi and other pathogenic microorganisms capable of infecting humans and animals.展开更多
基金supported by the Sultan Mizan Antarctic Research Foundation Smart Partnership(YPASM)Initiative“Photoprotective Potential of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids(MAAs)and Bioactive Compounds from Antarctic Microalgae on Human Keratinocytes”(Grant number:IMU R 289/2023)。
文摘Polar microalgae are microscopic organisms adapted to survive in cold and extreme habitats such as sea-ice,glaciers,lakes and snow.These microorganisms provide an essential basis as primary food sources in polar ecosystems.Despite their ecological importance,polar microalgae remain relatively unexplored compared to their tropical and temperate counterparts,largely due to the practical challenges of obtaining and maintaining material from the harsh polar environments.However,interest has recently surged due to their specific adaptations and potential for utilization in various fields.This review explores the survival strategies of polar microalgae and their commercial applications in healthcare and other fields.We also consider the processes involved in processing polar microalgae,from cultivation to extraction of bioactive compounds.Our findings highlight a growing need for research in this rapidly evolving field to unlock the potential of polar microalgae in multiple fields.
基金supported by grants from the University of Malaya(Grant no.PS334/2007B)the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education(Grant no.FP007-2009)
文摘The Antarctic represents a largely untapped source for isolation of new microorganisms with potential to produce bio- active natural products. Actinomycetes are of special interest among such microorganisms as they are known to produce a large number of natural products, many of which have clinical, pharmaceutical or agricultural applications. We isolated, characterized and classified actinomycetes from soil samples collected from different locations on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, in the maritime Antarctic. A total of 95 putative actinomyeete strains were isolated from eight soil samples using eight types of selective isolation media. The strains were dereplicated into 16 groups based on morphology and Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis （ARDRA） patterns. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of representatives from each group showed that streptomy- cetes were the dominant actinomycetes isolated from these soils; however, there were also several strains belonging to diverse and rare genera in the class Actinobacteria, including Demetria, Glaciibacter, Kocuria, Marmoricola, Nakamurella and Tsukamurella. In addition, screening for antibacterial activity and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes showed that many of the actinomycete strains have the potential to produce antibacterial compounds.
基金financial support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento(CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoa-mento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)+2 种基金Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(FNDCT),Fundação de Amparo àPesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais(FAPEMIG)Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia(INCT)Criosfera,Programa Antártico Brasileiro(PROAN-TAR)Brazilian Navy.P.C.is supported by NERC core funding to the British Antarctic Survey’s“Biodiversity Evolution and Adaptation”Team.
文摘In this study,we evaluated the pathogenic potential of the fungi Aspergillus thermomutatus and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa obtained from maritime Antarctic permafrost using in vivo experiments on immunocompromised BALB/c mice.Despite the low mortality observed,immunosuppressed animals infected with A.thermomutatus and R.mucilaginosa exhibited fluctuations in body mass and induced changes in the neuropsychiatric state of the mice.Fungi were recovered from the lungs,spleen,blood,and brain of infected mice at densities similar to but slightly lower than the inoculum up to 5 days post-inoculation.A.thermomutatus infection induced an inflammatory process in the lungs of infected BALB/c mice.In the target organs of animals infected with R.mucilaginosa,a notable fungal load was detected in the brains of infected animals.These results suggest that viable isolates of fungi such as A.thermomutatus and R.mucilaginosa originating from Antarctic permafrost,which is exposed to increasing melt caused by rising temperatures in the region,may present significant pathogenic potential.This highlights that climate change in Antarctica may facilitate the release and dispersal of fungi and other pathogenic microorganisms capable of infecting humans and animals.
