Maize is the world＇s most produced crop, providing food, feed, and biofuel. Maize production is constantly threatened by the presence of devastating pathogens worldwide. Characterization of the genetic compo- nents u...Maize is the world＇s most produced crop, providing food, feed, and biofuel. Maize production is constantly threatened by the presence of devastating pathogens worldwide. Characterization of the genetic compo- nents underlying disease resistance is a major research area in maize which is highly relevant for resistance breeding programs. Quantitative disease resistance （QDR） is the type of resistance most widely used by maize breeders. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in fine-mapping and cloning of genes controlling QDR. The molecular mechanisms underlying QDR remain poorly understood and exploited. In this review we discuss recent advances in maize QDR research and strategy for resistance breeding.展开更多
In contrast to large-effect qualitative disease resistance,quantitative disease resistance(QDR)exhibits partial and generally durable resistance and has been extensively utilized in crop breeding.The molecular mechani...In contrast to large-effect qualitative disease resistance,quantitative disease resistance(QDR)exhibits partial and generally durable resistance and has been extensively utilized in crop breeding.The molecular mechanisms underlying QDR remain largely unknown but considerable progress has been made in this area in recent years.In this review,we summarize the genes that have been associated with plant QDR and their biological functions.Many QDR genes belong to the canonical resistance gene categories with predicted functions in pathogen perception,signal transduction,phytohormone homeostasis,metabolite transport and biosynthesis,and epigenetic regulation.However,other"atypical"QDR genes are predicted to be involved in processes that are not commonly associated with disease resistance,such as vesicle trafficking,molecular chaperones,and others.This diversity of function for QDR genes contrasts with qualitative resistance,which is often based on the actions of nucleotidebinding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)resistance proteins.An understanding of the diversity of QDR mechanisms and of which mechanisms are effective against which classes of pathogens will enable the more effective deployment of QDR to produce more durably resistant,resilient crops.展开更多
Automation of plant phenotyping using data from high-dimensional imaging sensors is on the forefront of agricultural research for its potential to improve seasonal yield by monitoring crop health and accelerating bree...Automation of plant phenotyping using data from high-dimensional imaging sensors is on the forefront of agricultural research for its potential to improve seasonal yield by monitoring crop health and accelerating breeding programs.A common challenge when capturing images in the field relates to the spectral reflection of sunlight(glare)from crop leaves that,at certain solar incidences and sensor viewing angles,presents unwanted signals.The research presented here involves the convergence of 2 parallel projects to develop a facile algorithm that can use polarization data to decouple light reflected from the surface of the leaves and light scattered from the leaf's tissue.展开更多
Plants defend themselves against microbial pathogens in several ways.Among the most important of these mechanisms are cyto-plasmic nucleotide-binding,leucine-rich repeat(NLR)resistance(R)proteins that are activated by...Plants defend themselves against microbial pathogens in several ways.Among the most important of these mechanisms are cyto-plasmic nucleotide-binding,leucine-rich repeat(NLR)resistance(R)proteins that are activated by direct or indirect interaction with pathogen-derived effector proteins introduced into the plant cell as part of the pathogenesis process.展开更多
文摘Maize is the world＇s most produced crop, providing food, feed, and biofuel. Maize production is constantly threatened by the presence of devastating pathogens worldwide. Characterization of the genetic compo- nents underlying disease resistance is a major research area in maize which is highly relevant for resistance breeding programs. Quantitative disease resistance （QDR） is the type of resistance most widely used by maize breeders. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in fine-mapping and cloning of genes controlling QDR. The molecular mechanisms underlying QDR remain poorly understood and exploited. In this review we discuss recent advances in maize QDR research and strategy for resistance breeding.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872871 to QY and U2004207 to MG)the Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in Henan(212300410007 to MG)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907900 to QY)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2021ZDLNY01-06 to QY)。
文摘In contrast to large-effect qualitative disease resistance,quantitative disease resistance(QDR)exhibits partial and generally durable resistance and has been extensively utilized in crop breeding.The molecular mechanisms underlying QDR remain largely unknown but considerable progress has been made in this area in recent years.In this review,we summarize the genes that have been associated with plant QDR and their biological functions.Many QDR genes belong to the canonical resistance gene categories with predicted functions in pathogen perception,signal transduction,phytohormone homeostasis,metabolite transport and biosynthesis,and epigenetic regulation.However,other"atypical"QDR genes are predicted to be involved in processes that are not commonly associated with disease resistance,such as vesicle trafficking,molecular chaperones,and others.This diversity of function for QDR genes contrasts with qualitative resistance,which is often based on the actions of nucleotidebinding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)resistance proteins.An understanding of the diversity of QDR mechanisms and of which mechanisms are effective against which classes of pathogens will enable the more effective deployment of QDR to produce more durably resistant,resilient crops.
基金supported by Division of Electrical,Communications and Cyber Systems(1809753)National Institute of Food and Agriculture(2020-67021-31961).
文摘Automation of plant phenotyping using data from high-dimensional imaging sensors is on the forefront of agricultural research for its potential to improve seasonal yield by monitoring crop health and accelerating breeding programs.A common challenge when capturing images in the field relates to the spectral reflection of sunlight(glare)from crop leaves that,at certain solar incidences and sensor viewing angles,presents unwanted signals.The research presented here involves the convergence of 2 parallel projects to develop a facile algorithm that can use polarization data to decouple light reflected from the surface of the leaves and light scattered from the leaf's tissue.
基金supported by grants from National Science Foundation(NSF)(award#1444503)National Institute of Food and Agriculture(NIFA)(award#2022-67013-36504).
文摘Plants defend themselves against microbial pathogens in several ways.Among the most important of these mechanisms are cyto-plasmic nucleotide-binding,leucine-rich repeat(NLR)resistance(R)proteins that are activated by direct or indirect interaction with pathogen-derived effector proteins introduced into the plant cell as part of the pathogenesis process.
