The present study investigated whether supplementing fibre-degrading enzymes can ameliorate the severity of subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets.A total of 1,544 mix...The present study investigated whether supplementing fibre-degrading enzymes can ameliorate the severity of subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets.A total of 1,544 mixed-sex broiler chickens were assigned to 16 experimental treatments as a 2×2×4 factorial arrangement of treatments.The factors were the following:NE challenge,yes or no;diet type,wheat-or maize-based;and enzyme supplementation,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Each treatment was replicated 6 times,with 16 birds per replicate pen.A three-way challenge×diet type×enzyme interaction occurred for body weight at 21 d of age(P=0.025)and overall feed conversion ratio(P=0.001).In the non-challenged birds fed the wheat-based diet,supplementing MAN increased d 21 body weight compared to the control.In challenged birds fed the maize-based diet,supplemental XYN11 impeded body weight and overall FCR compared to the control.Birds offered the maize-based diet presented heavier relative gizzard weights at both 16 and 21 d of age(P<0.001)and reduced liveability(P=0.046)compared to those fed the wheatbased diet.Enzyme supplementation reduced ileal and jejunal digesta viscosity at 16 d of age only in birds fed the wheat-based diet(P<0.001).XYN11 increased ileal digesta viscosity in birds fed the maizebased diet,and MAN reduced it in birds fed the wheat-based diet at 21 d of age(P=0.030).Supplementing XYN11 improved ileal soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)digestibility in birds fed the wheat-based diet compared to non-supplemented birds(P<0.001).Birds fed the wheat-based diet displayed a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae and butyric acid in the caeca at 16 d of age compared to birds fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplemental XYN11 exacerbated the negative impact of NE on growth performance in birds fed the maizebased diet.Supplementing wheat-based diets with fibre-degrading enzymes ameliorates production losses induced by NE.展开更多
The present study characterised the types and amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)remaining undigested along the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of broiler chickens offered a typical wheat-or maizebased diet.One-day ...The present study characterised the types and amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)remaining undigested along the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of broiler chickens offered a typical wheat-or maizebased diet.One-day old Cobb 500 mixed-sex chicks were assigned to 24 pens,with 10 birds/pen and 12 pens/treatment.Birds were offered the experimental diets in 3 phases(starter,day 0 to 10;grower,day 11 to 24 and finisher,day 25 to 35).Excreta and digesta samples from the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and caeca were collected at 12 and 35 days of age,and analysed for the NSP flow.The wheat-based diet contained higher levels of soluble NSP than the maize-based diet,whereas insoluble NSP levels were similar between the 2 diets.Detailed analysis of NSP constituents revealed that arabinoxylans were the primary NSP in the wheat-based diet,mostly in insoluble form.Pectins were the predominant NSP in the maize-based diet,followed by arabinoxylans.Overall,birds offered the wheatbased diet presented higher levels of soluble NSP remaining in all gut sections compared to birds offered the maize-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.050).Accumulation of insoluble NSP in the gizzard was noted in birds fed both diets,but was more pronounced in birds offered the maize-based diet compared to the wheat-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.001).The present study highlights marked differences in the amounts and types of NSP delivered to the different gut sections when feeding wheat-compared to maize-based diets,particularly in the gizzard and the lower GIT of birds.展开更多
The present study evaluated the impacts of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)and oligosaccharides(OS)in the ileum of broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under su...The present study evaluated the impacts of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)and oligosaccharides(OS)in the ileum of broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.A 224 factorial arrangement of treatments was used.Factors were the following:NE challenge,no or yes;diet type,wheat-or maizebased;and supplemental enzymes,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Birds in the challenged group were inoculated with Eimeria on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14 and 15.A 3-way interaction(P=0.047)occurred on overall(d 0 to 16)weight gain.When NE was present,all the supplemental enzymes increased weight gain in birds fed the wheat-based diet;whereas in those fed the maize-based diet supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 decreased weight gain.When NE was absent,birds fed the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN10 or MAN presented increased weight gain compared to non-supplemented birds,but no improvements with enzyme addition were observed in birds fed the maize-based diet.A 3-way interaction(P=0.002)was observed on insoluble NSP level in the ileum.When NE was absent,all the supplemental enzymes reduced the ileal level of insoluble NSP,regardless of diet type.In the challenged birds,supplementing XYN10 and MAN reduced insoluble NSP level in the ileum,but only in birds fed the wheat-based diet.Ileal soluble NSP level was reduced by supplemental XYN11 and MAN,but only in birds fed the wheatbased diet,resulting in a 2-way diet typeenzyme interaction(P<0.001).Ileal OS arabinose(P=0.030)level was highest in birds offered the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN11.Collectively,supplementation of NSP-degrading enzymes to the wheat-based diet enhanced bird performance regardless of NE challenge,with XYN11 significantly increasing oligosaccharide release.However,enzyme addition did not improve growth performance in birds fed maize-based diet,with supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 impeding weight gain when NE was present.展开更多
This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets,with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digesti...This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets,with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digestive efficiency.Wheat-and maize-based diets were offered to 240 mixed-sex broilers(10 birds/pen;n=12)from 1 to 35 d postehatch.Digestibility of dry matter,starch,crude protein and nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP)were measured in the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,caeca and excreta at d 12 and 35 postehatch.Analysis of nutrient levels in the excreta presented that more than 30%of nutrients provided in the feed was wasted,irrespective of wheat or maize diet type.On average,92 g/kg crude protein,92 g/kg insoluble NSP and 14 g/kg oligosaccharides were not utilised by birds at d 12 postehatch.The quantity of water-insoluble NSP in the small intestine at d 12 was lower in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05),with the reverse being true for water-soluble NSP(P<0.001).On average,84 g/kg crude protein,79 g/kg insoluble NSP and 9 g/kg oligosaccharides remained in the excreta at 35 d of age.At this time period,accumulation of feed in the gizzard was noted for birds offered both diets,but was more pronounced in those offered the maize-based diet(P<0.001).Birds offered the maize-based diet demonstrated improved utilisation of oligosaccharides compared to those fed the wheat-based diet at both d 12 and 35(P=0.087 and P=0.047,respectively).Protein utilisation in the jejunum and ileum was greater in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P=0.004 and P<0.001,respectively).Thus,while both diets supported standard growth performance of birds,the degree and flow of nutrient disappearance along the gastrointestinal tract was influenced by cereal type and bird age.展开更多
基金The authors thank BASF SE for supporting this study,Eimeria Pty Ltd.for providing Eimeria,and Professor Robert Moore for providing Clostridium perfringens EHE-18 strain.
文摘The present study investigated whether supplementing fibre-degrading enzymes can ameliorate the severity of subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets.A total of 1,544 mixed-sex broiler chickens were assigned to 16 experimental treatments as a 2×2×4 factorial arrangement of treatments.The factors were the following:NE challenge,yes or no;diet type,wheat-or maize-based;and enzyme supplementation,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Each treatment was replicated 6 times,with 16 birds per replicate pen.A three-way challenge×diet type×enzyme interaction occurred for body weight at 21 d of age(P=0.025)and overall feed conversion ratio(P=0.001).In the non-challenged birds fed the wheat-based diet,supplementing MAN increased d 21 body weight compared to the control.In challenged birds fed the maize-based diet,supplemental XYN11 impeded body weight and overall FCR compared to the control.Birds offered the maize-based diet presented heavier relative gizzard weights at both 16 and 21 d of age(P<0.001)and reduced liveability(P=0.046)compared to those fed the wheatbased diet.Enzyme supplementation reduced ileal and jejunal digesta viscosity at 16 d of age only in birds fed the wheat-based diet(P<0.001).XYN11 increased ileal digesta viscosity in birds fed the maizebased diet,and MAN reduced it in birds fed the wheat-based diet at 21 d of age(P=0.030).Supplementing XYN11 improved ileal soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)digestibility in birds fed the wheat-based diet compared to non-supplemented birds(P<0.001).Birds fed the wheat-based diet displayed a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae and butyric acid in the caeca at 16 d of age compared to birds fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplemental XYN11 exacerbated the negative impact of NE on growth performance in birds fed the maizebased diet.Supplementing wheat-based diets with fibre-degrading enzymes ameliorates production losses induced by NE.
文摘The present study characterised the types and amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)remaining undigested along the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of broiler chickens offered a typical wheat-or maizebased diet.One-day old Cobb 500 mixed-sex chicks were assigned to 24 pens,with 10 birds/pen and 12 pens/treatment.Birds were offered the experimental diets in 3 phases(starter,day 0 to 10;grower,day 11 to 24 and finisher,day 25 to 35).Excreta and digesta samples from the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and caeca were collected at 12 and 35 days of age,and analysed for the NSP flow.The wheat-based diet contained higher levels of soluble NSP than the maize-based diet,whereas insoluble NSP levels were similar between the 2 diets.Detailed analysis of NSP constituents revealed that arabinoxylans were the primary NSP in the wheat-based diet,mostly in insoluble form.Pectins were the predominant NSP in the maize-based diet,followed by arabinoxylans.Overall,birds offered the wheatbased diet presented higher levels of soluble NSP remaining in all gut sections compared to birds offered the maize-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.050).Accumulation of insoluble NSP in the gizzard was noted in birds fed both diets,but was more pronounced in birds offered the maize-based diet compared to the wheat-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.001).The present study highlights marked differences in the amounts and types of NSP delivered to the different gut sections when feeding wheat-compared to maize-based diets,particularly in the gizzard and the lower GIT of birds.
基金Authors acknowledge and thank BASF SE for their academic and financial support,Eimeria Pty Ltd.for providing Eimeria and Prof.Robert Moore for providing C.perfringens EHE-18 strain.
文摘The present study evaluated the impacts of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)and oligosaccharides(OS)in the ileum of broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.A 224 factorial arrangement of treatments was used.Factors were the following:NE challenge,no or yes;diet type,wheat-or maizebased;and supplemental enzymes,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Birds in the challenged group were inoculated with Eimeria on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14 and 15.A 3-way interaction(P=0.047)occurred on overall(d 0 to 16)weight gain.When NE was present,all the supplemental enzymes increased weight gain in birds fed the wheat-based diet;whereas in those fed the maize-based diet supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 decreased weight gain.When NE was absent,birds fed the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN10 or MAN presented increased weight gain compared to non-supplemented birds,but no improvements with enzyme addition were observed in birds fed the maize-based diet.A 3-way interaction(P=0.002)was observed on insoluble NSP level in the ileum.When NE was absent,all the supplemental enzymes reduced the ileal level of insoluble NSP,regardless of diet type.In the challenged birds,supplementing XYN10 and MAN reduced insoluble NSP level in the ileum,but only in birds fed the wheat-based diet.Ileal soluble NSP level was reduced by supplemental XYN11 and MAN,but only in birds fed the wheatbased diet,resulting in a 2-way diet typeenzyme interaction(P<0.001).Ileal OS arabinose(P=0.030)level was highest in birds offered the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN11.Collectively,supplementation of NSP-degrading enzymes to the wheat-based diet enhanced bird performance regardless of NE challenge,with XYN11 significantly increasing oligosaccharide release.However,enzyme addition did not improve growth performance in birds fed maize-based diet,with supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 impeding weight gain when NE was present.
基金We would like to thank BASF SE for their financial and academic support throughout this study。
文摘This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets,with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digestive efficiency.Wheat-and maize-based diets were offered to 240 mixed-sex broilers(10 birds/pen;n=12)from 1 to 35 d postehatch.Digestibility of dry matter,starch,crude protein and nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP)were measured in the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,caeca and excreta at d 12 and 35 postehatch.Analysis of nutrient levels in the excreta presented that more than 30%of nutrients provided in the feed was wasted,irrespective of wheat or maize diet type.On average,92 g/kg crude protein,92 g/kg insoluble NSP and 14 g/kg oligosaccharides were not utilised by birds at d 12 postehatch.The quantity of water-insoluble NSP in the small intestine at d 12 was lower in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05),with the reverse being true for water-soluble NSP(P<0.001).On average,84 g/kg crude protein,79 g/kg insoluble NSP and 9 g/kg oligosaccharides remained in the excreta at 35 d of age.At this time period,accumulation of feed in the gizzard was noted for birds offered both diets,but was more pronounced in those offered the maize-based diet(P<0.001).Birds offered the maize-based diet demonstrated improved utilisation of oligosaccharides compared to those fed the wheat-based diet at both d 12 and 35(P=0.087 and P=0.047,respectively).Protein utilisation in the jejunum and ileum was greater in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P=0.004 and P<0.001,respectively).Thus,while both diets supported standard growth performance of birds,the degree and flow of nutrient disappearance along the gastrointestinal tract was influenced by cereal type and bird age.
