Postharvest challenges including dehydration,flavor loss,and excessive softening limit economic returns and sustainable development in the apple industry.With growing public awareness of food safety and environmental ...Postharvest challenges including dehydration,flavor loss,and excessive softening limit economic returns and sustainable development in the apple industry.With growing public awareness of food safety and environmental protection,traditional chemical preservatives face scrutiny due to potential health risks and environmental pollution.Therefore,developing new green,safe,and efficient plant-based preservatives has become critically important.Soybean peptide(SBP),a polypeptide derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean protein,has documented anticancer,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its functions in plants,especially in postharvest preservation,remain unexplored.Here,we determined 0.1 g/L as the optimal SBP concentration for postharvest apple preservation.Further results showed that the 0.1 g/L SBP treatment significantly inhibited ethylene release,cell wall-decomposing enzyme activity,and starch metabolism compared with the control group.The treatment also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity alongside the levels of vitamin C(VC),phenolics,and flavonoids,contributing to improved antioxidant defense and the preservation of freshness and quality.Transcriptome analysis identified 10 key preservation-related genes regulated by SBP,and their expression was validated through reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays.SBP can be directly sprayed onto fruit surfaces without leaving color or odor and is easy to clean,making it an ideal green antioxidant.This offers a promising solution for nondestructive fruit preservation.Future studies should explore its mechanisms and applications across diverse fruit species.展开更多
Apple Valsa canker(AVC)has caused significant losses worldwide,especially in East Asia.Various fungal species from the genus Cytospora/Valsa can infect tree bark and cause tissue rot,and Valsa mali(Vm)is responsible f...Apple Valsa canker(AVC)has caused significant losses worldwide,especially in East Asia.Various fungal species from the genus Cytospora/Valsa can infect tree bark and cause tissue rot,and Valsa mali(Vm)is responsible for the most severe tree branch deaths and yield losses.Since AVC was first reported in Japan in 1903,the pathogen species,biological characteristics,infection and pathogenesis,spore dissemination,and disease cycle have been intensively investigated.Based on the new cognition of the disease dynamics,the disease control strategy has shifted from scraping diseased tissue to protecting the bark from infection.In this review,we summarize new knowledge of the Vm infection process mediated by various kinds of virulence factors,including cell wall degrading enzymes,toxins,effectors,microRNA-like RNAs,and pathogenic signaling regulators.We also introduce progress in evaluating germplasm resources and identifying disease response-related genes in apples.In addition,we elaborate current understanding of spore dissemination and disease cycles in orchards and disease prevention techniques.Finally,we provide recommendations for developing more cost-effective strategies for controlling AVC by applying genetic resistance and biological fungicides.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32572986 and 32302616)the Taishan Scholar Project Special Funds of China(No.tstp20250723)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD2301000)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023QC032)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2023CXGC010709)the Young Talent of Lifting Engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(No.SDAST2024QTA025)。
文摘Postharvest challenges including dehydration,flavor loss,and excessive softening limit economic returns and sustainable development in the apple industry.With growing public awareness of food safety and environmental protection,traditional chemical preservatives face scrutiny due to potential health risks and environmental pollution.Therefore,developing new green,safe,and efficient plant-based preservatives has become critically important.Soybean peptide(SBP),a polypeptide derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean protein,has documented anticancer,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its functions in plants,especially in postharvest preservation,remain unexplored.Here,we determined 0.1 g/L as the optimal SBP concentration for postharvest apple preservation.Further results showed that the 0.1 g/L SBP treatment significantly inhibited ethylene release,cell wall-decomposing enzyme activity,and starch metabolism compared with the control group.The treatment also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity alongside the levels of vitamin C(VC),phenolics,and flavonoids,contributing to improved antioxidant defense and the preservation of freshness and quality.Transcriptome analysis identified 10 key preservation-related genes regulated by SBP,and their expression was validated through reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays.SBP can be directly sprayed onto fruit surfaces without leaving color or odor and is easy to clean,making it an ideal green antioxidant.This offers a promising solution for nondestructive fruit preservation.Future studies should explore its mechanisms and applications across diverse fruit species.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1903206,32172375)the Key Science and Technology Special Projects of Shaanxi Province(2020zdzx03-03-01).
文摘Apple Valsa canker(AVC)has caused significant losses worldwide,especially in East Asia.Various fungal species from the genus Cytospora/Valsa can infect tree bark and cause tissue rot,and Valsa mali(Vm)is responsible for the most severe tree branch deaths and yield losses.Since AVC was first reported in Japan in 1903,the pathogen species,biological characteristics,infection and pathogenesis,spore dissemination,and disease cycle have been intensively investigated.Based on the new cognition of the disease dynamics,the disease control strategy has shifted from scraping diseased tissue to protecting the bark from infection.In this review,we summarize new knowledge of the Vm infection process mediated by various kinds of virulence factors,including cell wall degrading enzymes,toxins,effectors,microRNA-like RNAs,and pathogenic signaling regulators.We also introduce progress in evaluating germplasm resources and identifying disease response-related genes in apples.In addition,we elaborate current understanding of spore dissemination and disease cycles in orchards and disease prevention techniques.Finally,we provide recommendations for developing more cost-effective strategies for controlling AVC by applying genetic resistance and biological fungicides.
