Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of p...Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of primate species.High-conservation-need(HCN)areas were identified by both their richness and number of threatened primate species.We also constructed high-disaster-risk(HDR)areas and climate-sensitive(CS)areas based on a disaster risk assessment and temperature change under climate change.We overlaid HCN and HDR areas to obtain HDR-HCN areas.We defined species conservation targets as the percent of each species’range that should be effectively conserved using“Zonation”.Landslides had the highest DRI(1.43±0.88),but have been overlooked in previous studies.PA coverage in HDR-HCN(30%)areas was similar to that in HCN areas(28%),indicating that current PA design fails to account for disaster risk reduction.About 50%of the HDR-HCN areas overlapped with CS areas.Presently,43%of primate species meet their conservation targets.Fifty-seven of primate species would meet their conservation targets and 67%of primates could benefit from PA expansion if HDR-HCN areas are fully incorporated into PAs.Increasing PA coverage in HDR-HCN areas is essential to achieving both primate conservation and disaster risk reduction.The study calls for integrating disaster risk reduction into PA design guidelines,particularly in regions like the western Amazon,and recommends flexible conservation approaches in other areas.展开更多
Religious wildlife release is prevalent worldwide,especially in Asia countries.It is one of the anthropogenic pathways to cause biological inva-sions.Religious fish release is common on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,yet...Religious wildlife release is prevalent worldwide,especially in Asia countries.It is one of the anthropogenic pathways to cause biological inva-sions.Religious fish release is common on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,yet few studies have assessed the influences of religious fish release on local species.InYushu,a city on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,we interviewedlocal people,conducted fish trap surveys in local rivers,and exam-ined the diet of Eurasian otters Lutra lutra using a fecal DNA metabarcoding approach.We found that fish release started at least in 1980-1990s in Yushu.Tibetan residents released fish in large amounts and released fish were usually exotic commercial fish purchased from market.Despite such long-term and intensive fish release activities,released fish were few in local rivers.On the other hand,Eurasian otters mainly prey on fish and released fish accounted for~20%of relative read abundance of prey DNA in otters'diet,indicating their high preference on released fish.Our study suggested that religious fish release may provide additional food resources for otters,whereas otters,as a top predator in local rivers,may deplete non-native fish once they were released and,therefore,reduce the probability of colonization of released fish,although further studies are required to assess otters'impact.Our study revealed otters'diet in Yushu,providing basic information for local otter management and conservation.Furthermore,it represents a case showing that native predators prey on religious released animals,implying a probable direction forcontrolling invasive species through nativepredator conservation.展开更多
The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon, distributed in southwestern China, south and southeastern Asia. In this study, we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny wi...The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon, distributed in southwestern China, south and southeastern Asia. In this study, we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with particular concern to the taxonomy of the three subspecies of Z phayrei using multiple genes. Our results support a sister-relationship between Z p. phayrei and T p. shanicus. However, the mitochondrial CYT B gene supported T. p. crepuscula as a distinct species, but the nuclear PRMI gene suggested a closer relationship between T p. crepuscula and T p. phayrei. The incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggests that hybridization may have occurred, a fact that would benefit from re-examination using multiple unlinked nuclear genes.展开更多
The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon,distributed in southwestern China,south and southeastern Asia.In this study,we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with p...The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon,distributed in southwestern China,south and southeastern Asia.In this study,we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with particular concern to the taxonomy of the three subspecies of T.phayrei using multiple genes.Our results support a sister-relationship between T.p.phayrei and T.p.shanicus.However,the mitochondrial CYT B gene supported T.p.crepuscula as a distinct species,but the nuclear PRM1 gene suggested a closer relationship between T.p.crepuscula and T.p.phayrei.The incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggests that hybridization may have occurred,a fact that would benefit from re-examination using multiple unlinked nuclear genes.展开更多
在抗原-抗体分子对接模拟所生成的大量计算生成构象中筛选出近天然结构,即接近真实情况的抗原-抗体结合模式。借鉴QSAR原理,定义抗原-抗体接触面描述符并利用Discovery Studio 4.5软件平台计算出各对接模拟构象的接触面描述符和能量参...在抗原-抗体分子对接模拟所生成的大量计算生成构象中筛选出近天然结构,即接近真实情况的抗原-抗体结合模式。借鉴QSAR原理,定义抗原-抗体接触面描述符并利用Discovery Studio 4.5软件平台计算出各对接模拟构象的接触面描述符和能量参数。构造训练集数据进行回归分析,建立预测对接模拟构象是否是近天然结构的数学模型。通过测试集和实际应用情况检验该数学模型。通过回归分析所建立的数学模型能够在成百上千的抗原-抗体对接模拟构象中有效筛选出其中的近天然结构,在测试集验证和4G7抗体结合模式预测应用中具有良好的表现,验证了该数学模型的有效性和实用性。经验性的抗原-抗体接触面特征如氢键密度、氨基酸对偏好性指数等以及能量参数能够共同有效表征近天然结构,所建立的数学模型有效增强了通过分子对接预测抗原-抗体结合模式的可行性。展开更多
On a self-developed circular-translation polishing machine,the influence of different electric potentials on the friction coefficient and wear properties of SiC/HT200 friction pair,which contacted as one electrode,wer...On a self-developed circular-translation polishing machine,the influence of different electric potentials on the friction coefficient and wear properties of SiC/HT200 friction pair,which contacted as one electrode,were studied in NaOH solutions.The results show that the friction coefficient of SiC/HT200 pair is 0.25 under no externally applied potential;but it decreases to 0.23 while applying +3 V polarization potential on the pair;in contrast,it increases to 0.30 when applying-3 V polarization potential on the pair.And the polished SiC surface under + 3 V potential is much smoother,while there are clear ploughing marks and adhesive region on the polished SiC surface under zero and-3 V potential,respectively.The mixed triboelectrochemical friction model has been proposed and the mechanisms of the electric effects on the tribological properties of SiC/HT200 friction pair in NaOH electrolyte are addressed.Results and discussion show that the anodic passivation technique may be used for hastening the running-in process of SiC/Fe friction pairs,as well as for polishing SiC to increase its materials removal efficiency while maintaining good surface quality.展开更多
Free-space optical communication(FSO)can achieve fast,secure,and license-free communication without physical cables,providing a cost-effective,energy-efficient,and flexible solution when fiber connection is unavailabl...Free-space optical communication(FSO)can achieve fast,secure,and license-free communication without physical cables,providing a cost-effective,energy-efficient,and flexible solution when fiber connection is unavailable.To achieve FSO on demand,portable FSO devices are essential for flexible and fast deployment,where the key is achieving compact structure and plug-and-play operation.Here,we develop a miniaturized FSO system and realize 9.16 Gbps FSO in a 1 km link,using commercial single-mode-fibercoupled optical transceiver modules without optical amplification.Fully automatic four-stage acquisition,pointing,and tracking systems are developed,which control the tracking error within 3μrad,resulting in an average link loss of 13.7 dB.It is the key for removing optical amplification;hence FSO is achieved with direct use of commercial transceiver modules in a bidirectional way.Each FSO device is within an overall size of 45 cm×40 cm×35 cm,and 9.5 kg weight,with power consumption of∼10 W.The optical link up to 4 km is tested with average loss of 18 dB,limited by the foggy test environment.With better weather conditions and optical amplification,longer FSO can be expected.Such a portable and automatic FSO system will produce massive applications of field-deployable high-speed wireless communication in the future.展开更多
Plant viruses cause symptoms with devastating consequences for agriculture.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying symptom development in viral infections remain largely unexplored.Here,we show that tomato yellow ...Plant viruses cause symptoms with devastating consequences for agriculture.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying symptom development in viral infections remain largely unexplored.Here,we show that tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV)interferes with host developmental programs through a host-mimicking domain present in the viral C4 protein.This domain mediates the interaction between C4 and a family of RCC1-like domain-containing(RLD)proteins,previously shown to be required for proper plant development and environmental responses.C4 outcompetes an endogenous interactor of RLDs,hijacking RLD proteins to the plasma membrane and disrupting their function in orchestrating endomembrane trafficking and polar auxin transport.Strikingly,macroscopic symptoms do not affect viral accumulation in the plant but serve as attractants for the insect vector,presumably promoting pathogen spread in an ecological context.Our work sheds light on the molecular underpinnings and biological relevance of symptom development triggered by TYLCV in tomato.Since most plant viruses are insect-transmitted,the principles described here might have broad applicability to crop-virus interactions.展开更多
Deep learning technology is identified as a valid tool for transient stability assessment(TSA).Moreover,the superior performance of the TSA model depends on generously labeled samples.However,the power grid is dynamic...Deep learning technology is identified as a valid tool for transient stability assessment(TSA).Moreover,the superior performance of the TSA model depends on generously labeled samples.However,the power grid is dynamic,and some topologies or operation conditions change substantially.The traditional method generates a significant quantity of samples for each specific topology.Nonetheless,generating these labeled samples and establishing TSA models is very time-consuming.This paper proposes a high-quality sample generation framework based on data-driven methods to build a high-quality offline samples database for TSA model training and updating.Firstly,the representative topologies provided by the system operator are clustered into four different categories by density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN).Thus the corresponding samples are collected.Then,when a new topology is encountered in the online application,scenario matching is used to match the most similar topology category.After that,instance-based transfer learning is implemented from a database of the best-matched topology category.Finally,a deep convolutional generative adversarial network(DCGAN)is constructed to mitigate the class imbalance problem.That is,unstable scenarios occur far more rarely than stable scenarios.Consequently,a high-quality and balanced TSA model training and updating database is constructed.The comprehensive test results on the Central China Power Grid illustrate that the proposed framework can generate high-quality and balanced TSA samples.Furthermore,the sample generation time is dramatically shortened.In addition,the metrics of accuracy,reliability and adaptability of the TSA model are significantly enhanced.展开更多
Lithium-niobate-on-insulator(LNOI)chips have shown outstanding performance in various photonic devices including modulators,lasers,nonlinear converters,and quantum sources.LNOI-based edge couplers are quite important ...Lithium-niobate-on-insulator(LNOI)chips have shown outstanding performance in various photonic devices including modulators,lasers,nonlinear converters,and quantum sources.LNOI-based edge couplers are quite important for further promotion of the above devices in practical applications,especially for large-scale multiport photonic uses,where efficient and mode-selective coupling between chips and fibers is of necessity.Previously,several LNOI edge couplers have been demonstrated,but they mainly focus on achieving high coupling efficiency of the fundamental mode,and sub-wavelength etched lithium-niobate(LN)structures are normally needed,which increases fabrication complexity.Here we propose a new type of edge coupler with direct mode-selective excitation ability,using only Si ON cladding grating structures without additional etching of LN.By introducing a cladding waveguide with periodic structures on the uniform LNOI waveguide,highefficiency excitation of multiple modes can be realized directly with easier fabrication.For a specific simulation here,TE00,TM00,and TE10core modes can be excited,respectively,at optimized periods and grating lengths with a tunable central wavelength,at the launch of the TM cladding mode.The periods of the needed Si ON gratings are all over 2μm,which is feasible with i-line UV lithography.Our results provide a low-cost edge coupler for LNOI photonic circuits with the ability of flexible spatial mode selectivity,which may promote LNOI devices in large-scale multiport photonic integrated circuits in the future.展开更多
Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta)have demonstrated a potent capability of adapting to human-disturbed environment.In China,they have become popular attractions in ecotourism areas and receive substantial food from touri...Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta)have demonstrated a potent capability of adapting to human-disturbed environment.In China,they have become popular attractions in ecotourism areas and receive substantial food from tourists,resulting in local booming populations.Previous studies have highlighted human-macaque conflicts and yet ignored their impact on local natural ecosystems.Through reviewing previous researches,we summarized the contributing factors to the thriving populations of rhesus macaque and expounded upon the potential impacts of them on other local organisms.Booming populations of rhesus macaque caused by provisioning could present potential risks to local plant and animal community through lesser seed dispersal and greater predation and competition pressures on other sympatric species,ultimately impacting the diversity and stability of local ecosystems.Thus,it is imperative to draft the relevant laws to strictly control human provisioning for wild rhesus macaques and conduct further studies to elucidate their interspecies relationships.And a higher priority should be devoted to monitoring these potentially overabundant populations and formulating optimal management strategies to achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and rhesus macaques.展开更多
With the advances in scientific foundations and technological implementations,optical metrology has become versatile problem-solving backbones in manufacturing,fundamental research,and engineering applications,such as...With the advances in scientific foundations and technological implementations,optical metrology has become versatile problem-solving backbones in manufacturing,fundamental research,and engineering applications,such as quality control,nondestructive testing,experimental mechanics,and biomedicine.In recent years,deep learning,a subfield of machine learning,is emerging as a powerful tool to address problems by learning from data,largely driven by the availability of massive datasets,enhanced computational power,fast data storage,and novel training algorithms for the deep neural network.It is currently promoting increased interests and gaining extensive attention for its utilization in the field of optical metrology.Unlike the traditional,,physics-basedH approach,deep-learning-enabled optical metrology is a kind of,/data-drivenw approach,which has already provided numerous alternative solutions to many challenging problems in this field with better performances.In this review,we present an overview of the current status and the latest progress of deep-learning technologies in the field of optical metrology.We first briefly introduce both traditional image-processing algorithms in optical metrology and the basic concepts of deep learning,followed by a comprehensive review of its applications in various optical metrology tasks,such as fringe denoising,phase retrieval,phase unwrapping,subset correlation,and error compensation.The open challenges faced by the current deep-learning approach in optical metrology are then discussed.Finally,the directions for future research are outlined.展开更多
Harvesting of fresh-eating cherry tomato was highly costly on labor and time.In order to achieve mechanical harvesting for the fresh-eating tomato,a new harvesting robot was designed,which consisted of a stereo visual...Harvesting of fresh-eating cherry tomato was highly costly on labor and time.In order to achieve mechanical harvesting for the fresh-eating tomato,a new harvesting robot was designed,which consisted of a stereo visual unit,an end-effector,manipulator,a fruit collector,and a railed vehicle.The robot configuration and workflow design focused on the special cultivating condition.Three key parts were introduced in detail:a railroad vehicle capably moving on both ground and rail was adopted as the robot’s carrier,a visual servo unit was used to identify and locate the mature fruits bunch,and the end-effector to hold and separate the fruit bunch was designed based on the stalk’s mechanical features.The field test of the new developed robot was conducted and the results were analyzed.The successful harvest rate of the robot was 83%,however,each successful harvest averagely needed 1.4 times attempt,and a single successful harvesting cycle cost 8 s excluding the time cost on moving.展开更多
The cao vit gibbon is a critically endangered species.Only approximately 110 individuals remain in degraded karst forest along the China-Vietnam border.Karst forest is unusual gibbon habitat.Currently,the canopy heigh...The cao vit gibbon is a critically endangered species.Only approximately 110 individuals remain in degraded karst forest along the China-Vietnam border.Karst forest is unusual gibbon habitat.Currently,the canopy height of cao vit gibbon habitat is approximately 10 m.Research on the locomotor behavior of gibbons living in this particular forest type might provide important insight into locomotor stability and variability of gibbons.We used 5 min scan samples to record the locomotion mode,support use and canopy strata of gibbons in 3 groups for 2096 h between January 2008 and December 2009.Although cao vit gibbon habitat has a lower canopy in comparison to that of other forests inhabited by gibbons,cao vit gibbons displayed a similar overall locomotor pattern to other gibbon species(Symphalangus syndactylus,Hylobates lar and Hylobates agilis)in which brachiation dominate their locomotor behavior.Cao vit gibbons spent most of their time travelling on inclined branches(2-10 cm)in the middle stratum through the forest canopy.Adult females appear to more often employ safer modes of locomotion(bridging more often and brachiation less),while adult males choose riskier modes(leaping more and climbing less).As gibbons increased in body weight,as they grew from infant to adult,they tended to use larger supports.This research documented that locomotor behavior in Hylobatidae is strongly determined by anatomical characters,but cao vit gibbons also show the ability to use various supports,enabling them to survive in karst forest.展开更多
Black crested gibbons(Nomascus concolor)are 1 of only 3 gibbon species that have been observed in long-term polygynous groups,but their mating behavior and reproductive characters have never been reported.Based on pop...Black crested gibbons(Nomascus concolor)are 1 of only 3 gibbon species that have been observed in long-term polygynous groups,but their mating behavior and reproductive characters have never been reported.Based on population monitoring over 7 years and direct observation for 26 months of the study groups in Wuliang Mountain,central Yunnan,we describe for the first time the copulation behavior and breeding pattern of free-ranging western black crested gibbons.The gestation period of black crested gibbons is estimated to be between 6 and 7 months.The average breeding interval is 3.5 years,with infant independence at approximately 2.5 years.We observed 2 intra-group copulations and 5 extra-group copulations.Copulations were initiated when a female gave a‘solicitation’gesture.When a male made any mating attempt,the female might refuse it.These results demonstrate direct female mate choice.Both male and female gibbons dispersed from their natal groups and sometimes replaced paired adults in other groups.We observed no evidence of infanticide during inter-group conflicts or after replacement of adults.Together with extra-group copulations,these phenomena indicate a flexible social organization and complex mating system.We also observed a male-biased sex ratio among offspring.More genetic work is necessary to describe the effects of inter-group copulation and the genetic diversity of this population.展开更多
From 21st century,it is hard for traditional storage and algorithm to provide service with high quality because of big data of communication which grows rapidly.Thus,cloud computing technology with relatively low cost...From 21st century,it is hard for traditional storage and algorithm to provide service with high quality because of big data of communication which grows rapidly.Thus,cloud computing technology with relatively low cost of hardware facilities is created.However,to guarantee the quality of service in the situation of the rapid growth of data volume,the energy consumption cost of cloud computing begins to exceed the hardware cost.In order to solve the problems mentioned above,this study briefly introduced the virtual machine and its energy consumption model in the mobile cloud environment,introduced the basic principle of the virtual machine migration strategy based on the artificial bee colony algorithm and then simulated the performance of processing strategy to big data of communication based on artificial bee colony algorithm in mobile cloud computing environment by CloudSim3.0 software,which was compared with the performance of two algorithms,resource management(RM)and genetic algorithm(GA).The results showed that the power consumption of the migration strategy based on the artificial bee colony algorithm was lower than the other two strategies,and there were fewer failed virtual machines under the same number of requests,which meant that the service quality was higher.展开更多
In this paper,molecular dynamic(MD)simulation was adopted to study the ductile response of single-crystal GaAs during single-point diamond turning(SPDT).The variations of cutting temperature,coordination number,and cu...In this paper,molecular dynamic(MD)simulation was adopted to study the ductile response of single-crystal GaAs during single-point diamond turning(SPDT).The variations of cutting temperature,coordination number,and cutting forces were revealed through MD simulations.SPDT experiment was also carried out to qualitatively validate MD simulation model from the aspects of normal cutting force.The simulation results show that the fundamental reason for ductile response of GaAs during SPDT is phase transition from a perfect zinc blende structure(GaAs-I)to a rock-salt structure(GaAs-II)under high pressure.Finally,a strong anisotropic machinability of GaAs was also found through MD simulations.展开更多
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant shows substantial resistance to neutralization by infection-and vaccination-induced antibodies,highlighting the demands for research on the continuing discovery of broadly neutralizing a...The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant shows substantial resistance to neutralization by infection-and vaccination-induced antibodies,highlighting the demands for research on the continuing discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies(bnAbs).Here,we developed a panel of bnAbs against Omicron and other variants of concern(VOCs)elicited by vaccination of adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine(Ad5-nCoV).展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2022YFF1301500)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grants No.32000352,32171485,and 32371741)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021A1515010968)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(Grant No.23lgzy002).
文摘Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of primate species.High-conservation-need(HCN)areas were identified by both their richness and number of threatened primate species.We also constructed high-disaster-risk(HDR)areas and climate-sensitive(CS)areas based on a disaster risk assessment and temperature change under climate change.We overlaid HCN and HDR areas to obtain HDR-HCN areas.We defined species conservation targets as the percent of each species’range that should be effectively conserved using“Zonation”.Landslides had the highest DRI(1.43±0.88),but have been overlooked in previous studies.PA coverage in HDR-HCN(30%)areas was similar to that in HCN areas(28%),indicating that current PA design fails to account for disaster risk reduction.About 50%of the HDR-HCN areas overlapped with CS areas.Presently,43%of primate species meet their conservation targets.Fifty-seven of primate species would meet their conservation targets and 67%of primates could benefit from PA expansion if HDR-HCN areas are fully incorporated into PAs.Increasing PA coverage in HDR-HCN areas is essential to achieving both primate conservation and disaster risk reduction.The study calls for integrating disaster risk reduction into PA design guidelines,particularly in regions like the western Amazon,and recommends flexible conservation approaches in other areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900372)One Yangtze River Project of the Huatai Securities,and the State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol(Sun Yat-sen University).
文摘Religious wildlife release is prevalent worldwide,especially in Asia countries.It is one of the anthropogenic pathways to cause biological inva-sions.Religious fish release is common on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,yet few studies have assessed the influences of religious fish release on local species.InYushu,a city on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,we interviewedlocal people,conducted fish trap surveys in local rivers,and exam-ined the diet of Eurasian otters Lutra lutra using a fecal DNA metabarcoding approach.We found that fish release started at least in 1980-1990s in Yushu.Tibetan residents released fish in large amounts and released fish were usually exotic commercial fish purchased from market.Despite such long-term and intensive fish release activities,released fish were few in local rivers.On the other hand,Eurasian otters mainly prey on fish and released fish accounted for~20%of relative read abundance of prey DNA in otters'diet,indicating their high preference on released fish.Our study suggested that religious fish release may provide additional food resources for otters,whereas otters,as a top predator in local rivers,may deplete non-native fish once they were released and,therefore,reduce the probability of colonization of released fish,although further studies are required to assess otters'impact.Our study revealed otters'diet in Yushu,providing basic information for local otter management and conservation.Furthermore,it represents a case showing that native predators prey on religious released animals,implying a probable direction forcontrolling invasive species through nativepredator conservation.
文摘The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon, distributed in southwestern China, south and southeastern Asia. In this study, we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with particular concern to the taxonomy of the three subspecies of Z phayrei using multiple genes. Our results support a sister-relationship between Z p. phayrei and T p. shanicus. However, the mitochondrial CYT B gene supported T. p. crepuscula as a distinct species, but the nuclear PRMI gene suggested a closer relationship between T p. crepuscula and T p. phayrei. The incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggests that hybridization may have occurred, a fact that would benefit from re-examination using multiple unlinked nuclear genes.
基金the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(GREKF12-06)。
文摘The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon,distributed in southwestern China,south and southeastern Asia.In this study,we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with particular concern to the taxonomy of the three subspecies of T.phayrei using multiple genes.Our results support a sister-relationship between T.p.phayrei and T.p.shanicus.However,the mitochondrial CYT B gene supported T.p.crepuscula as a distinct species,but the nuclear PRM1 gene suggested a closer relationship between T.p.crepuscula and T.p.phayrei.The incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggests that hybridization may have occurred,a fact that would benefit from re-examination using multiple unlinked nuclear genes.
文摘在抗原-抗体分子对接模拟所生成的大量计算生成构象中筛选出近天然结构,即接近真实情况的抗原-抗体结合模式。借鉴QSAR原理,定义抗原-抗体接触面描述符并利用Discovery Studio 4.5软件平台计算出各对接模拟构象的接触面描述符和能量参数。构造训练集数据进行回归分析,建立预测对接模拟构象是否是近天然结构的数学模型。通过测试集和实际应用情况检验该数学模型。通过回归分析所建立的数学模型能够在成百上千的抗原-抗体对接模拟构象中有效筛选出其中的近天然结构,在测试集验证和4G7抗体结合模式预测应用中具有良好的表现,验证了该数学模型的有效性和实用性。经验性的抗原-抗体接触面特征如氢键密度、氨基酸对偏好性指数等以及能量参数能够共同有效表征近天然结构,所建立的数学模型有效增强了通过分子对接预测抗原-抗体结合模式的可行性。
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51475119)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China(Grant No.2011CB013202)
文摘On a self-developed circular-translation polishing machine,the influence of different electric potentials on the friction coefficient and wear properties of SiC/HT200 friction pair,which contacted as one electrode,were studied in NaOH solutions.The results show that the friction coefficient of SiC/HT200 pair is 0.25 under no externally applied potential;but it decreases to 0.23 while applying +3 V polarization potential on the pair;in contrast,it increases to 0.30 when applying-3 V polarization potential on the pair.And the polished SiC surface under + 3 V potential is much smoother,while there are clear ploughing marks and adhesive region on the polished SiC surface under zero and-3 V potential,respectively.The mixed triboelectrochemical friction model has been proposed and the mechanisms of the electric effects on the tribological properties of SiC/HT200 friction pair in NaOH electrolyte are addressed.Results and discussion show that the anodic passivation technique may be used for hastening the running-in process of SiC/Fe friction pairs,as well as for polishing SiC to increase its materials removal efficiency while maintaining good surface quality.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0705000)the Leading-Edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20192001)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51890861,11690033,and 62293523)the Zhangjiang Laboratory(Grant No.ZJSP21A001)the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2018B030329001)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX2021122)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M711570)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2022300158)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent.
文摘Free-space optical communication(FSO)can achieve fast,secure,and license-free communication without physical cables,providing a cost-effective,energy-efficient,and flexible solution when fiber connection is unavailable.To achieve FSO on demand,portable FSO devices are essential for flexible and fast deployment,where the key is achieving compact structure and plug-and-play operation.Here,we develop a miniaturized FSO system and realize 9.16 Gbps FSO in a 1 km link,using commercial single-mode-fibercoupled optical transceiver modules without optical amplification.Fully automatic four-stage acquisition,pointing,and tracking systems are developed,which control the tracking error within 3μrad,resulting in an average link loss of 13.7 dB.It is the key for removing optical amplification;hence FSO is achieved with direct use of commercial transceiver modules in a bidirectional way.Each FSO device is within an overall size of 45 cm×40 cm×35 cm,and 9.5 kg weight,with power consumption of∼10 W.The optical link up to 4 km is tested with average loss of 18 dB,limited by the foggy test environment.With better weather conditions and optical amplification,longer FSO can be expected.Such a portable and automatic FSO system will produce massive applications of field-deployable high-speed wireless communication in the future.
基金funded by the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments,the ERC-COG GemOmics(101044142)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)(project numbers TRR 356/1,B04 and SBF 1101/3,C08)+3 种基金a Royal Society Newton Advance Grant(NA140481-NAF\R2\180857)Metabolite analytics were funded by the DFG(Projektnummer 442641014)the recipient of a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(grant 896910-GeminiDECODER)a President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)from the Chinese Academy of Science(CAS)(grant 2020PB0082).
文摘Plant viruses cause symptoms with devastating consequences for agriculture.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying symptom development in viral infections remain largely unexplored.Here,we show that tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV)interferes with host developmental programs through a host-mimicking domain present in the viral C4 protein.This domain mediates the interaction between C4 and a family of RCC1-like domain-containing(RLD)proteins,previously shown to be required for proper plant development and environmental responses.C4 outcompetes an endogenous interactor of RLDs,hijacking RLD proteins to the plasma membrane and disrupting their function in orchestrating endomembrane trafficking and polar auxin transport.Strikingly,macroscopic symptoms do not affect viral accumulation in the plant but serve as attractants for the insect vector,presumably promoting pathogen spread in an ecological context.Our work sheds light on the molecular underpinnings and biological relevance of symptom development triggered by TYLCV in tomato.Since most plant viruses are insect-transmitted,the principles described here might have broad applicability to crop-virus interactions.
基金supported by the Technology Project from China Electric Power Planning&Engineering Institute(No.K202312)。
文摘Deep learning technology is identified as a valid tool for transient stability assessment(TSA).Moreover,the superior performance of the TSA model depends on generously labeled samples.However,the power grid is dynamic,and some topologies or operation conditions change substantially.The traditional method generates a significant quantity of samples for each specific topology.Nonetheless,generating these labeled samples and establishing TSA models is very time-consuming.This paper proposes a high-quality sample generation framework based on data-driven methods to build a high-quality offline samples database for TSA model training and updating.Firstly,the representative topologies provided by the system operator are clustered into four different categories by density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN).Thus the corresponding samples are collected.Then,when a new topology is encountered in the online application,scenario matching is used to match the most similar topology category.After that,instance-based transfer learning is implemented from a database of the best-matched topology category.Finally,a deep convolutional generative adversarial network(DCGAN)is constructed to mitigate the class imbalance problem.That is,unstable scenarios occur far more rarely than stable scenarios.Consequently,a high-quality and balanced TSA model training and updating database is constructed.The comprehensive test results on the Central China Power Grid illustrate that the proposed framework can generate high-quality and balanced TSA samples.Furthermore,the sample generation time is dramatically shortened.In addition,the metrics of accuracy,reliability and adaptability of the TSA model are significantly enhanced.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1205100 and 2019YFA0705000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62293523,12304421,and 62305156)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20232033)the Leading-edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20192001)the Zhangjiang Laboratory(No.ZJSP21A001)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent。
文摘Lithium-niobate-on-insulator(LNOI)chips have shown outstanding performance in various photonic devices including modulators,lasers,nonlinear converters,and quantum sources.LNOI-based edge couplers are quite important for further promotion of the above devices in practical applications,especially for large-scale multiport photonic uses,where efficient and mode-selective coupling between chips and fibers is of necessity.Previously,several LNOI edge couplers have been demonstrated,but they mainly focus on achieving high coupling efficiency of the fundamental mode,and sub-wavelength etched lithium-niobate(LN)structures are normally needed,which increases fabrication complexity.Here we propose a new type of edge coupler with direct mode-selective excitation ability,using only Si ON cladding grating structures without additional etching of LN.By introducing a cladding waveguide with periodic structures on the uniform LNOI waveguide,highefficiency excitation of multiple modes can be realized directly with easier fabrication.For a specific simulation here,TE00,TM00,and TE10core modes can be excited,respectively,at optimized periods and grating lengths with a tunable central wavelength,at the launch of the TM cladding mode.The periods of the needed Si ON gratings are all over 2μm,which is feasible with i-line UV lithography.Our results provide a low-cost edge coupler for LNOI photonic circuits with the ability of flexible spatial mode selectivity,which may promote LNOI devices in large-scale multiport photonic integrated circuits in the future.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(23lgzy002)Forestry Administration of Guangdong Province(33000-42090019)+1 种基金Shenzhen Park Service(33000-71020177)Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve(33000-71020200)。
文摘Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta)have demonstrated a potent capability of adapting to human-disturbed environment.In China,they have become popular attractions in ecotourism areas and receive substantial food from tourists,resulting in local booming populations.Previous studies have highlighted human-macaque conflicts and yet ignored their impact on local natural ecosystems.Through reviewing previous researches,we summarized the contributing factors to the thriving populations of rhesus macaque and expounded upon the potential impacts of them on other local organisms.Booming populations of rhesus macaque caused by provisioning could present potential risks to local plant and animal community through lesser seed dispersal and greater predation and competition pressures on other sympatric species,ultimately impacting the diversity and stability of local ecosystems.Thus,it is imperative to draft the relevant laws to strictly control human provisioning for wild rhesus macaques and conduct further studies to elucidate their interspecies relationships.And a higher priority should be devoted to monitoring these potentially overabundant populations and formulating optimal management strategies to achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and rhesus macaques.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2033,62075096,62005121)Leading Technology of Jiangsu Basic Research Plan(BK20192003)+3 种基金"333 Engineering"Research Projea of Jiangsu Province(BRA2016407)Jiangsu Provincial"One belt and one road"innovation cooperation project(BZ2020007)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30921011208,30919011222,30920032101)Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spearal Imaging&Intelligent Sense(JSGP202105).
文摘With the advances in scientific foundations and technological implementations,optical metrology has become versatile problem-solving backbones in manufacturing,fundamental research,and engineering applications,such as quality control,nondestructive testing,experimental mechanics,and biomedicine.In recent years,deep learning,a subfield of machine learning,is emerging as a powerful tool to address problems by learning from data,largely driven by the availability of massive datasets,enhanced computational power,fast data storage,and novel training algorithms for the deep neural network.It is currently promoting increased interests and gaining extensive attention for its utilization in the field of optical metrology.Unlike the traditional,,physics-basedH approach,deep-learning-enabled optical metrology is a kind of,/data-drivenw approach,which has already provided numerous alternative solutions to many challenging problems in this field with better performances.In this review,we present an overview of the current status and the latest progress of deep-learning technologies in the field of optical metrology.We first briefly introduce both traditional image-processing algorithms in optical metrology and the basic concepts of deep learning,followed by a comprehensive review of its applications in various optical metrology tasks,such as fringe denoising,phase retrieval,phase unwrapping,subset correlation,and error compensation.The open challenges faced by the current deep-learning approach in optical metrology are then discussed.Finally,the directions for future research are outlined.
基金We acknowledge that this work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61703048)Beijing Excellent Talent Training to Support Young Key Individual Projects(2015000020060G134)BAAFS Youth Research Fund(QNJJ201722).
文摘Harvesting of fresh-eating cherry tomato was highly costly on labor and time.In order to achieve mechanical harvesting for the fresh-eating tomato,a new harvesting robot was designed,which consisted of a stereo visual unit,an end-effector,manipulator,a fruit collector,and a railed vehicle.The robot configuration and workflow design focused on the special cultivating condition.Three key parts were introduced in detail:a railroad vehicle capably moving on both ground and rail was adopted as the robot’s carrier,a visual servo unit was used to identify and locate the mature fruits bunch,and the end-effector to hold and separate the fruit bunch was designed based on the stalk’s mechanical features.The field test of the new developed robot was conducted and the results were analyzed.The successful harvest rate of the robot was 83%,however,each successful harvest averagely needed 1.4 times attempt,and a single successful harvesting cycle cost 8 s excluding the time cost on moving.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#30900169)the International Foundation for Science+1 种基金the Conservation Leadership ProgrammeFauna and Flora International.
文摘The cao vit gibbon is a critically endangered species.Only approximately 110 individuals remain in degraded karst forest along the China-Vietnam border.Karst forest is unusual gibbon habitat.Currently,the canopy height of cao vit gibbon habitat is approximately 10 m.Research on the locomotor behavior of gibbons living in this particular forest type might provide important insight into locomotor stability and variability of gibbons.We used 5 min scan samples to record the locomotion mode,support use and canopy strata of gibbons in 3 groups for 2096 h between January 2008 and December 2009.Although cao vit gibbon habitat has a lower canopy in comparison to that of other forests inhabited by gibbons,cao vit gibbons displayed a similar overall locomotor pattern to other gibbon species(Symphalangus syndactylus,Hylobates lar and Hylobates agilis)in which brachiation dominate their locomotor behavior.Cao vit gibbons spent most of their time travelling on inclined branches(2-10 cm)in the middle stratum through the forest canopy.Adult females appear to more often employ safer modes of locomotion(bridging more often and brachiation less),while adult males choose riskier modes(leaping more and climbing less).As gibbons increased in body weight,as they grew from infant to adult,they tended to use larger supports.This research documented that locomotor behavior in Hylobatidae is strongly determined by anatomical characters,but cao vit gibbons also show the ability to use various supports,enabling them to survive in karst forest.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31070349)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Infrastructure Program(2011FB105)the National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB411603).
文摘Black crested gibbons(Nomascus concolor)are 1 of only 3 gibbon species that have been observed in long-term polygynous groups,but their mating behavior and reproductive characters have never been reported.Based on population monitoring over 7 years and direct observation for 26 months of the study groups in Wuliang Mountain,central Yunnan,we describe for the first time the copulation behavior and breeding pattern of free-ranging western black crested gibbons.The gestation period of black crested gibbons is estimated to be between 6 and 7 months.The average breeding interval is 3.5 years,with infant independence at approximately 2.5 years.We observed 2 intra-group copulations and 5 extra-group copulations.Copulations were initiated when a female gave a‘solicitation’gesture.When a male made any mating attempt,the female might refuse it.These results demonstrate direct female mate choice.Both male and female gibbons dispersed from their natal groups and sometimes replaced paired adults in other groups.We observed no evidence of infanticide during inter-group conflicts or after replacement of adults.Together with extra-group copulations,these phenomena indicate a flexible social organization and complex mating system.We also observed a male-biased sex ratio among offspring.More genetic work is necessary to describe the effects of inter-group copulation and the genetic diversity of this population.
文摘From 21st century,it is hard for traditional storage and algorithm to provide service with high quality because of big data of communication which grows rapidly.Thus,cloud computing technology with relatively low cost of hardware facilities is created.However,to guarantee the quality of service in the situation of the rapid growth of data volume,the energy consumption cost of cloud computing begins to exceed the hardware cost.In order to solve the problems mentioned above,this study briefly introduced the virtual machine and its energy consumption model in the mobile cloud environment,introduced the basic principle of the virtual machine migration strategy based on the artificial bee colony algorithm and then simulated the performance of processing strategy to big data of communication based on artificial bee colony algorithm in mobile cloud computing environment by CloudSim3.0 software,which was compared with the performance of two algorithms,resource management(RM)and genetic algorithm(GA).The results showed that the power consumption of the migration strategy based on the artificial bee colony algorithm was lower than the other two strategies,and there were fewer failed virtual machines under the same number of requests,which meant that the service quality was higher.
基金The authors would like to thank EPSRC(EP/K018345/1 and EP/T024844/1)the Royal Society-NSFC international exchange programme(IEC\NSFC\181474)for providing financial support for this researchThe authors also acknowledge the use of the EPSRC(EP/K000586/1)funded ARCHIE-WeSt High-Performance Computer at the University of Strathclyde for the MD simulation study.
文摘In this paper,molecular dynamic(MD)simulation was adopted to study the ductile response of single-crystal GaAs during single-point diamond turning(SPDT).The variations of cutting temperature,coordination number,and cutting forces were revealed through MD simulations.SPDT experiment was also carried out to qualitatively validate MD simulation model from the aspects of normal cutting force.The simulation results show that the fundamental reason for ductile response of GaAs during SPDT is phase transition from a perfect zinc blende structure(GaAs-I)to a rock-salt structure(GaAs-II)under high pressure.Finally,a strong anisotropic machinability of GaAs was also found through MD simulations.
基金We thank the cryo-EM facility and the High-Performance Computing Center of Westlake University for providing technical support.We thank the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,China,for providing the SARS-CoV-2.This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(projects 32022037,81803429)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Hangzhou,the Special Research Program of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia of Westlake University and Tencent Foundation.
文摘The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant shows substantial resistance to neutralization by infection-and vaccination-induced antibodies,highlighting the demands for research on the continuing discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies(bnAbs).Here,we developed a panel of bnAbs against Omicron and other variants of concern(VOCs)elicited by vaccination of adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine(Ad5-nCoV).
