Phenolic acids are the main bioactive compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza,which can be increased by salicylic acid(SA)elicitation.However,the specific molecular mechanism remains unclear.The nonexpresser of PR genes 1(NP...Phenolic acids are the main bioactive compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza,which can be increased by salicylic acid(SA)elicitation.However,the specific molecular mechanism remains unclear.The nonexpresser of PR genes 1(NPR1)and its family members are essential components of the SA signaling pathway.Here,we report an NPR protein,SmNPR4,that showed strong expression in hairy root after SA treatment,acting as a negative moderator of SA-induced phenolic acid biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza(S.miltiorrhiza).Moreover,a basic leucine zipper family transcription factor SmTGA5 was identified and was found to interact with SmNPR4.SmTGA5 activates the expression of phenolic acid biosynthesis gene SmTAT1 through binding to the as-1 element.Finally,a series of biochemical assays and dual gene overexpression analysis demonstrated that the SmNPR4 significantly inhibited the function of SmTGA5,and SA can alleviate the inhibitory effect of SmNPR4 on SmTGA5.Overall,our results reveal the molecular mechanism of salicylic acid regulating phenolic acid biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza and provide new insights for SA signaling to regulate secondary metabolic biosynthesis.展开更多
Tanshinone and phenolic acids are the most important active substances of Salvia miltiorrhiza,and the insight into their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms is an essential process to increase their content in vivo....Tanshinone and phenolic acids are the most important active substances of Salvia miltiorrhiza,and the insight into their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms is an essential process to increase their content in vivo.SmMYB36 has been found to have important regulatory functions in the synthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid;paradoxically,its mechanism of action in S.miltiorrhiza is not clear.Here,we demonstrated that SmMYB36 functions as a promoter of tanshinones accumulation and a suppressor of phenolic acids through the generation of SmMYB36 overexpressed and chimeric SmMYB36-SRDX(EAR repressive domain)repressor hairy roots in combination with transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis.SmMYB36 directly down-regulate the key enzyme gene of primary metabolism,SmGAPC,up-regulate the tanshinones biosynthesis branch genes SmDXS2,SmGGPPS1,SmCPS1 and down-regulate the phenolic acids biosynthesis branch enzyme gene,SmRAS.Meanwhile,SmERF6,a positive regulator of tanshinone synthesis activating SmCPS1,was up-regulated and SmERF115,a positive regulator of phenolic acid biosynthesis activating SmRAS,was down-regulated.Furthermore,the seven acidic amino acids at the C-terminus of SmMYB36 are required for both self-activating domain and activation of target gene expression.As a consequence,this study contributes to reveal the potential relevance of transcription factors synergistically regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid.展开更多
Dear Editor,Among the large number of Veratrum steroid alkaloids(Zhang et al.,2020),cyclopamine has been shown to have various inhibitory mechanisms against cancer,including inhibition of the hedgehog signaling pathwa...Dear Editor,Among the large number of Veratrum steroid alkaloids(Zhang et al.,2020),cyclopamine has been shown to have various inhibitory mechanisms against cancer,including inhibition of the hedgehog signaling pathway,improvement of tumor tissue microenvironment,inhibition of cell respiration,promotion of cell apoptosis,and reversal of tumor drug resistance(Liu et al.,2023).The biosynthetic pathway of verazine,a possible metabolic precursor of cyclopamine,has been discovered in Veratrum californicum(Augustin et al.,2015).However,the content of Veratrum steroid alkaloids in plants is very low(Supplemental Figure 2),so reliance on direct extraction from plants for commercial production is not feasible.A more effective strategy is to synthesize rare plant secondary metabolites using synthetic biology technology(Liu et al.,2022).展开更多
Phenylpropanoid-derived compounds represent a diverse family of secondary metabolites that originate from phenylalanine. These compounds have roles in plant growth and development, and in defense against biotic and ab...Phenylpropanoid-derived compounds represent a diverse family of secondary metabolites that originate from phenylalanine. These compounds have roles in plant growth and development, and in defense against biotic and abiotic stress. Many of these compounds are also beneficial to human health and welfare. V-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog （MYB） proteins belong to a large family of transcription factors and are key regulators of the synthesis of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds. This review summarizes the current understanding of MYB proteins and their roles in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism in plants.展开更多
基金The researchwas financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670301,32270278)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2022JM-099)the Innovation Training Program for College Students(202210712222).
文摘Phenolic acids are the main bioactive compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza,which can be increased by salicylic acid(SA)elicitation.However,the specific molecular mechanism remains unclear.The nonexpresser of PR genes 1(NPR1)and its family members are essential components of the SA signaling pathway.Here,we report an NPR protein,SmNPR4,that showed strong expression in hairy root after SA treatment,acting as a negative moderator of SA-induced phenolic acid biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza(S.miltiorrhiza).Moreover,a basic leucine zipper family transcription factor SmTGA5 was identified and was found to interact with SmNPR4.SmTGA5 activates the expression of phenolic acid biosynthesis gene SmTAT1 through binding to the as-1 element.Finally,a series of biochemical assays and dual gene overexpression analysis demonstrated that the SmNPR4 significantly inhibited the function of SmTGA5,and SA can alleviate the inhibitory effect of SmNPR4 on SmTGA5.Overall,our results reveal the molecular mechanism of salicylic acid regulating phenolic acid biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza and provide new insights for SA signaling to regulate secondary metabolic biosynthesis.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.32270278).
文摘Tanshinone and phenolic acids are the most important active substances of Salvia miltiorrhiza,and the insight into their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms is an essential process to increase their content in vivo.SmMYB36 has been found to have important regulatory functions in the synthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid;paradoxically,its mechanism of action in S.miltiorrhiza is not clear.Here,we demonstrated that SmMYB36 functions as a promoter of tanshinones accumulation and a suppressor of phenolic acids through the generation of SmMYB36 overexpressed and chimeric SmMYB36-SRDX(EAR repressive domain)repressor hairy roots in combination with transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis.SmMYB36 directly down-regulate the key enzyme gene of primary metabolism,SmGAPC,up-regulate the tanshinones biosynthesis branch genes SmDXS2,SmGGPPS1,SmCPS1 and down-regulate the phenolic acids biosynthesis branch enzyme gene,SmRAS.Meanwhile,SmERF6,a positive regulator of tanshinone synthesis activating SmCPS1,was up-regulated and SmERF115,a positive regulator of phenolic acid biosynthesis activating SmRAS,was down-regulated.Furthermore,the seven acidic amino acids at the C-terminus of SmMYB36 are required for both self-activating domain and activation of target gene expression.As a consequence,this study contributes to reveal the potential relevance of transcription factors synergistically regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA0915800)the Jilin Provincial Agricultural Science&Technology Innovation Project(CXGC202105GH).
文摘Dear Editor,Among the large number of Veratrum steroid alkaloids(Zhang et al.,2020),cyclopamine has been shown to have various inhibitory mechanisms against cancer,including inhibition of the hedgehog signaling pathway,improvement of tumor tissue microenvironment,inhibition of cell respiration,promotion of cell apoptosis,and reversal of tumor drug resistance(Liu et al.,2023).The biosynthetic pathway of verazine,a possible metabolic precursor of cyclopamine,has been discovered in Veratrum californicum(Augustin et al.,2015).However,the content of Veratrum steroid alkaloids in plants is very low(Supplemental Figure 2),so reliance on direct extraction from plants for commercial production is not feasible.A more effective strategy is to synthesize rare plant secondary metabolites using synthetic biology technology(Liu et al.,2022).
文摘Phenylpropanoid-derived compounds represent a diverse family of secondary metabolites that originate from phenylalanine. These compounds have roles in plant growth and development, and in defense against biotic and abiotic stress. Many of these compounds are also beneficial to human health and welfare. V-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog （MYB） proteins belong to a large family of transcription factors and are key regulators of the synthesis of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds. This review summarizes the current understanding of MYB proteins and their roles in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism in plants.
