Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macro...Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.展开更多
Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development...Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of^(-1).68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and^(-1).682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant^(-1)),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.26-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.25-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.23-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant^(-1))and 8(times·d^(-1)),0.18(L·plant^(-1))and 7(times·d^(-1)),0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.49(L·plant^(-1))and 5(times·d^(-1)),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.展开更多
The heritage preservation is of great intractability to the conservators as each kind of heritage material has unique and diverse requirements on temperature,humidity and air cleanliness.It is promising for metal-orga...The heritage preservation is of great intractability to the conservators as each kind of heritage material has unique and diverse requirements on temperature,humidity and air cleanliness.It is promising for metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),the multifunctional environment remediation materials,to be applied in heritage environmental protection.The advantages of MOFs lie in their multifunction like adsorption,photocatalysis,sterilization,as well as the controllable structure and properties that could be flexibly adjusted as demands,helping the heritage against various environmental threats.Thereby,the applications and the corresponding mechanisms of MOFs in cultural heritage preservation were reviewed in this work,including harmful gas adsorption,surface waterproofing,particulate matters(PM)removal,anti-bacterial and humidity control of environment.Finally,the selection principles and precautions of MOFs in heritage preservation were discussed,aiming to provide a forward-looking direction for the selection and application of MOFs.展开更多
Advanced geological prediction is a crucial means to ensure safety and efficiency in tunnel construction.However,diff erent advanced geological forecasting methods have their own limitations,resulting in poor detectio...Advanced geological prediction is a crucial means to ensure safety and efficiency in tunnel construction.However,diff erent advanced geological forecasting methods have their own limitations,resulting in poor detection accuracy.Using multiple methods to carry out a comprehensive evaluation can eff ectively improve the accuracy of advanced geological prediction results.In this study,geological information is combined with the detection results of geophysical methods,including transient electromagnetic,induced polarization,and tunnel seismic prediction,to establish a comprehensive analysis method of adverse geology.First,the possible main adverse geological problems are determined according to the geological information.Subsequently,various physical parameters of the rock mass in front of the tunnel face can then be derived on the basis of multisource geophysical data.Finally,based on the analysis results of geological information,the multisource data fusion algorithm is used to determine the type,location,and scale of adverse geology.The advanced geological prediction results that can provide eff ective guidance for tunnel construction can then be obtained.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is recognized as a long-term inflammatory disorder that leads to inflammation in the spine and joints,alongside abnormal bone growth.In previous studies,we reported that mesenchyma...BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is recognized as a long-term inflammatory disorder that leads to inflammation in the spine and joints,alongside abnormal bone growth.In previous studies,we reported that mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)derived from individuals with AS demonstrated a remarkable inhibition in the formation of osteoclasts compared to those obtained from healthy donors.The mechanism through which MSCs from AS patients achieve this inhibition remains unclear.AIM To investigate the potential underlying mechanism by which MSCs from individuals with ankylosing spondylitis(AS-MSCs)inhibit osteoclastogenesis.METHODS We analysed fat mass and obesity-associated(FTO)protein levels in AS-MSCs and MSCs from healthy donors and investigated the effects and mechanism by which FTO in MSCs inhibits osteoclastogenesis by coculturing and measuring the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and cathepsin K.RESULTS We found that FTO,an enzyme responsible for removing methyl groups from RNA,was more abundantly expressed in MSCs from AS patients than in those from healthy donors.Reducing FTO levels was shown to diminish the capacity of MSCs to inhibit osteoclast development.Further experimental results revealed that FTO affects the stability of the long non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage(NORAD)by altering its N6-methyladenosine methylation status.Deactivating NORAD in MSCs significantly increased osteoclast formation by affecting miR-4284,which could regulate the MSC-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis reported in our previous research.CONCLUSION This study revealed elevated FTO levels in AS-MSCs and found that FTO regulated the ability of AS-MSCs to inhibit osteoclast formation through the long noncoding RNA NORAD/miR-4284 axis.展开更多
With the increasing demand for high-performance metallic materials,the improvement of fatigue strength(FS)has become a crucial issue.This study focuses on the AISI 52100 steel,a material with leading fatigue performan...With the increasing demand for high-performance metallic materials,the improvement of fatigue strength(FS)has become a crucial issue.This study focuses on the AISI 52100 steel,a material with leading fatigue performance and low-cost raw material,aiming to further improve its FS.It is found that the fatigue damage mechanism of 52100 steels with different tensile strengths has undergone significant changes,and the inclusions,mainly nitride and oxide,are key factors limiting the further improvement of FS.Therefore,the size reduction and modification of inclusions were attempted through the rare earth addition and strict control of harmful elements.Combining targeted microstructure adjustment,the FS of the 52100 steel has been further enhanced to~1.6 GPa,exceeding that of other metallic materials(performed in uniaxial tension with a stress ratio of R=0.1),and thus establishing it as a standout for its exceptional performance-to-cost ratio.By clarifying the influences of different types of inclusions on fatigue performance and establishing the correlation between micro-hardness(or strength)and FS,an optimization strategy for FS improvement of the 52100 steel was proposed.The FS has been improved by approximately 187 MPa at most by implementing this strategy.These achievements provide feasible technical approaches and theoretical foundations for the anti-fatigue design of metallic materials.展开更多
The swelling behavior and stability in solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)have been proved to determine the battery cycle life.A high swollen,unstable SEI shows a high permeability to electrolyte,which results in the ra...The swelling behavior and stability in solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)have been proved to determine the battery cycle life.A high swollen,unstable SEI shows a high permeability to electrolyte,which results in the rapid battery performance degradation.Here,we customize two SEIs with different spatial structures(bilayer and mosaic)by simply regulating the proportion of additive fluoroethylene carbonate.Surprisingly,due to the uniform distribution of dense inorganic nano-crystals in the inner,the bilayer SEI exhibits low-swelling and excellent mechanical properties,so the undesirable side reactions of the electrolyte are effectively suppressed.In addition,we put forward the growth rate of swelling ratio(GSR)as a key indicator to reveal the swelling change in SEI.The GSR of bilayer SEI merely increases from1.73 to 3.16 after the 300th cycle,which enables the corresponding graphite‖Li battery to achieve longer cycle stability.The capacity retention is improved by 47.5% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C.The correlation among SEI spatial structure,swelling behavior,and battery performance provides a new direction for electrolyte optimization and interphase structure design of high energy density batteries.展开更多
The investigation evaluated the thermal shock resistance and failure mechanisms of three brazed joints when exposed to 780°C.During exposure,oxidation of the SiC_(f)/SiC composite leads to the formation of SiO_(2...The investigation evaluated the thermal shock resistance and failure mechanisms of three brazed joints when exposed to 780°C.During exposure,oxidation of the SiC_(f)/SiC composite leads to the formation of SiO_(2).Residual oxygen will penetrate the high-entropy alloy while retaining its Face-Centered Cubic(FCC)structure.Additionally,the FCC Cr_(23)C_(6)phase adjacent to the composite reacted with SiC,producing hexagonal Cr_(2)C,compromising the ability of joint to withstand plastic deformation.Moreover,the presence of Nb(s,s)and significant MoNiSi phases induced a gradual alteration in the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion(CTE),facilitating the initiation of shear fractures from the composites towards the central region of the seam,significantly affecting the overall structural integrity and failure behavior of the joint under thermal shock conditions.With an increase in the number of thermal shocks,the shear strength of joint gradually decreases,reaching a maximum of 22.36 MPa after 30 thermal shocks,surpassing that of some joints using glass fillers.展开更多
Sleep monitoring is an important part of health management because sleep quality is crucial for restoration of human health.However,current commercial products of polysomnography are cumbersome with connecting wires a...Sleep monitoring is an important part of health management because sleep quality is crucial for restoration of human health.However,current commercial products of polysomnography are cumbersome with connecting wires and state-of-the-art flexible sensors are still interferential for being attached to the body.Herein,we develop a flexible-integrated multimodal sensing patch based on hydrogel and its application in unconstraint sleep monitoring.The patch comprises a bottom hydrogel-based dualmode pressure–temperature sensing layer and a top electrospun nanofiber-based non-contact detection layer as one integrated device.The hydrogel as core substrate exhibits strong toughness and water retention,and the multimodal sensing of temperature,pressure,and non-contact proximity is realized based on different sensing mechanisms with no crosstalk interference.The multimodal sensing function is verified in a simulated real-world scenario by a robotic hand grasping objects to validate its practicability.Multiple multimodal sensing patches integrated on different locations of a pillow are assembled for intelligent sleep monitoring.Versatile human–pillow interaction information as well as their evolution over time are acquired and analyzed by a one-dimensional convolutional neural network.Track of head movement and recognition of bad patterns that may lead to poor sleep are achieved,which provides a promising approach for sleep monitoring.展开更多
The glucagon receptor(GCGR)is a critical target for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)and obesity.Activation of GCGR enhances systemic insulin sensitivity through paracrine sti...The glucagon receptor(GCGR)is a critical target for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)and obesity.Activation of GCGR enhances systemic insulin sensitivity through paracrine stimulation of insulin secretion,presenting a promising avenue for treatment.However,the discovery of effective GCGR agonists remains a challenging and resource-intensive process,often requiring time-consuming wet-lab experiments to synthesize and screen potential compounds.Recent advances in artificial intelligence technologies have demonstrated great potential in accelerating drug discovery by streamlining screening and efficiently predicting bioactivity.In the present work,we propose DeepGCGR,a two-layer deep learning model that leverages graph convolutional networks(GCN)integrated with a multiple attention mechanism to expedite the identification of GCGR agonists.In the first layer,the model predicts the bioactivity of various compounds against GCGR,efficiently filtering large chemical libraries to identify promising candidates.In the second layer,DeepGCGR classifies high bioactive compounds based on their functional effects on GCGR signaling,identifying those with potential agonistic or antagonistic effects.Moreover,DeepGCGR was specifically applied to identify novel GCGR-regulating compounds for the treatment of T2DM from natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The proposed method will not only offer an effective strategy for discovering GCGR-targeting compounds with functional activation properties but also provide new insights into the development of T2DM therapeutics.展开更多
High-entropy metal phosphide(HEMP)has considerable potential as an electrocatalyst owing to its beneficial properties,including high-entropy alloy synergy as well as the controllable structure and high conductivity of...High-entropy metal phosphide(HEMP)has considerable potential as an electrocatalyst owing to its beneficial properties,including high-entropy alloy synergy as well as the controllable structure and high conductivity of phosphides.Herein,electrospinning and in situ phosphating were employed to prepare three-dimensional(3D)networks of self-supporting HEMP nanofibers with varying degrees of phosphate content.Comprehensive characterizations via X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,as well as density functional theory calculations,demonstrate that the introduction of phosphorus(P)atoms to HEMP carbon nanofibers mediates their electronic structure,leads to lattice expansion,which in turn enhances their catalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Moreover,the formation of metal-P bonds weakens metal-metal interaction and decreases the free energy of hydrogen adsorption,contributing to the exceptional activity observed in the HEMP catalyst.Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the HEMP-0.75 catalyst with an ultralow loading of 1.22 wt%ruthenium(Ru)exhibits the highest HER catalytic activity and stability in a 1 M KOH electrolyte,achieving a minimal overpotential of 26 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)and Tafel slope of 50.9 mV·dec^(-1).展开更多
基金supported by Qingdao Key Medical and Health Discipline ProjectThe Intramural Research Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,No. 4910Qingdao West Coast New Area Science and Technology Project,No. 2020-55 (all to SW)。
文摘Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-D06)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2024NC2-GJHX-29 and 2024NC-ZDCYL-05-08)Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance Project(Grant No.LMZD202202).
文摘Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of^(-1).68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and^(-1).682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant^(-1)),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.26-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.25-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.23-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant^(-1))and 8(times·d^(-1)),0.18(L·plant^(-1))and 7(times·d^(-1)),0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.49(L·plant^(-1))and 5(times·d^(-1)),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52308300,52370025,52108266).
文摘The heritage preservation is of great intractability to the conservators as each kind of heritage material has unique and diverse requirements on temperature,humidity and air cleanliness.It is promising for metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),the multifunctional environment remediation materials,to be applied in heritage environmental protection.The advantages of MOFs lie in their multifunction like adsorption,photocatalysis,sterilization,as well as the controllable structure and properties that could be flexibly adjusted as demands,helping the heritage against various environmental threats.Thereby,the applications and the corresponding mechanisms of MOFs in cultural heritage preservation were reviewed in this work,including harmful gas adsorption,surface waterproofing,particulate matters(PM)removal,anti-bacterial and humidity control of environment.Finally,the selection principles and precautions of MOFs in heritage preservation were discussed,aiming to provide a forward-looking direction for the selection and application of MOFs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 42293351,41877239,51422904 and 51379112).
文摘Advanced geological prediction is a crucial means to ensure safety and efficiency in tunnel construction.However,diff erent advanced geological forecasting methods have their own limitations,resulting in poor detection accuracy.Using multiple methods to carry out a comprehensive evaluation can eff ectively improve the accuracy of advanced geological prediction results.In this study,geological information is combined with the detection results of geophysical methods,including transient electromagnetic,induced polarization,and tunnel seismic prediction,to establish a comprehensive analysis method of adverse geology.First,the possible main adverse geological problems are determined according to the geological information.Subsequently,various physical parameters of the rock mass in front of the tunnel face can then be derived on the basis of multisource geophysical data.Finally,based on the analysis results of geological information,the multisource data fusion algorithm is used to determine the type,location,and scale of adverse geology.The advanced geological prediction results that can provide eff ective guidance for tunnel construction can then be obtained.
基金Supported by Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Orthopedic Diseases,No.2023B110001the Excellent Medical Innovation Talent Program of the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,No.YXYXCXRC202101+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82172349,No.82372372,No.22105229,No.32170708,No.82102530,No.82102541,No.82103098,No.82103909,No.82104182,No.82104350,No.82170427,No.82171291,No.82172215,No.82172385,and No.82302661Guangdong Natural Science Foundation,No.2023A1515010568 and No.2021A1515111057Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.JCYJ20220530144201004 and No.RCBS20210609104445097Futian Healthcare Research Project,No.FTWS2022022,No.FTWS2021013,No.FTWS2023072,and No.FTWS2022047.
文摘BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is recognized as a long-term inflammatory disorder that leads to inflammation in the spine and joints,alongside abnormal bone growth.In previous studies,we reported that mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)derived from individuals with AS demonstrated a remarkable inhibition in the formation of osteoclasts compared to those obtained from healthy donors.The mechanism through which MSCs from AS patients achieve this inhibition remains unclear.AIM To investigate the potential underlying mechanism by which MSCs from individuals with ankylosing spondylitis(AS-MSCs)inhibit osteoclastogenesis.METHODS We analysed fat mass and obesity-associated(FTO)protein levels in AS-MSCs and MSCs from healthy donors and investigated the effects and mechanism by which FTO in MSCs inhibits osteoclastogenesis by coculturing and measuring the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and cathepsin K.RESULTS We found that FTO,an enzyme responsible for removing methyl groups from RNA,was more abundantly expressed in MSCs from AS patients than in those from healthy donors.Reducing FTO levels was shown to diminish the capacity of MSCs to inhibit osteoclast development.Further experimental results revealed that FTO affects the stability of the long non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage(NORAD)by altering its N6-methyladenosine methylation status.Deactivating NORAD in MSCs significantly increased osteoclast formation by affecting miR-4284,which could regulate the MSC-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis reported in our previous research.CONCLUSION This study revealed elevated FTO levels in AS-MSCs and found that FTO regulated the ability of AS-MSCs to inhibit osteoclast formation through the long noncoding RNA NORAD/miR-4284 axis.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3705200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.52321001,52130002 and 52371123)the IMR Innovation Fund(No.2024-PY07).
文摘With the increasing demand for high-performance metallic materials,the improvement of fatigue strength(FS)has become a crucial issue.This study focuses on the AISI 52100 steel,a material with leading fatigue performance and low-cost raw material,aiming to further improve its FS.It is found that the fatigue damage mechanism of 52100 steels with different tensile strengths has undergone significant changes,and the inclusions,mainly nitride and oxide,are key factors limiting the further improvement of FS.Therefore,the size reduction and modification of inclusions were attempted through the rare earth addition and strict control of harmful elements.Combining targeted microstructure adjustment,the FS of the 52100 steel has been further enhanced to~1.6 GPa,exceeding that of other metallic materials(performed in uniaxial tension with a stress ratio of R=0.1),and thus establishing it as a standout for its exceptional performance-to-cost ratio.By clarifying the influences of different types of inclusions on fatigue performance and establishing the correlation between micro-hardness(or strength)and FS,an optimization strategy for FS improvement of the 52100 steel was proposed.The FS has been improved by approximately 187 MPa at most by implementing this strategy.These achievements provide feasible technical approaches and theoretical foundations for the anti-fatigue design of metallic materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22369011)the Gansu Key Research and Development Program(23YFGA0053 and 24YFGA025)the Hongliu Outstanding Youth Talent Support Program of Lanzhou University of Technology and Postgraduate research exploration project of Lanzhou University of Technology(256017)。
文摘The swelling behavior and stability in solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)have been proved to determine the battery cycle life.A high swollen,unstable SEI shows a high permeability to electrolyte,which results in the rapid battery performance degradation.Here,we customize two SEIs with different spatial structures(bilayer and mosaic)by simply regulating the proportion of additive fluoroethylene carbonate.Surprisingly,due to the uniform distribution of dense inorganic nano-crystals in the inner,the bilayer SEI exhibits low-swelling and excellent mechanical properties,so the undesirable side reactions of the electrolyte are effectively suppressed.In addition,we put forward the growth rate of swelling ratio(GSR)as a key indicator to reveal the swelling change in SEI.The GSR of bilayer SEI merely increases from1.73 to 3.16 after the 300th cycle,which enables the corresponding graphite‖Li battery to achieve longer cycle stability.The capacity retention is improved by 47.5% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C.The correlation among SEI spatial structure,swelling behavior,and battery performance provides a new direction for electrolyte optimization and interphase structure design of high energy density batteries.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374402)the National Key Research and Development Program,China(No.2022YFB3402200)+2 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.J2022-VII-00030045)the Project of Key Areas of Innovation Team in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2024RS-CXTD-20)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.CX2024055)。
文摘The investigation evaluated the thermal shock resistance and failure mechanisms of three brazed joints when exposed to 780°C.During exposure,oxidation of the SiC_(f)/SiC composite leads to the formation of SiO_(2).Residual oxygen will penetrate the high-entropy alloy while retaining its Face-Centered Cubic(FCC)structure.Additionally,the FCC Cr_(23)C_(6)phase adjacent to the composite reacted with SiC,producing hexagonal Cr_(2)C,compromising the ability of joint to withstand plastic deformation.Moreover,the presence of Nb(s,s)and significant MoNiSi phases induced a gradual alteration in the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion(CTE),facilitating the initiation of shear fractures from the composites towards the central region of the seam,significantly affecting the overall structural integrity and failure behavior of the joint under thermal shock conditions.With an increase in the number of thermal shocks,the shear strength of joint gradually decreases,reaching a maximum of 22.36 MPa after 30 thermal shocks,surpassing that of some joints using glass fillers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant(2024YFE0100400)Taishan Scholars Project Special Funds(tsqn202312035)+2 种基金the open research foundation of State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems,the Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(No.22JCZDJC00630)the Higher Education Institution Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Province(No.JZX2024024)Jinan City-University Integrated Development Strategy Project under Grant(JNSX2023017).
文摘Sleep monitoring is an important part of health management because sleep quality is crucial for restoration of human health.However,current commercial products of polysomnography are cumbersome with connecting wires and state-of-the-art flexible sensors are still interferential for being attached to the body.Herein,we develop a flexible-integrated multimodal sensing patch based on hydrogel and its application in unconstraint sleep monitoring.The patch comprises a bottom hydrogel-based dualmode pressure–temperature sensing layer and a top electrospun nanofiber-based non-contact detection layer as one integrated device.The hydrogel as core substrate exhibits strong toughness and water retention,and the multimodal sensing of temperature,pressure,and non-contact proximity is realized based on different sensing mechanisms with no crosstalk interference.The multimodal sensing function is verified in a simulated real-world scenario by a robotic hand grasping objects to validate its practicability.Multiple multimodal sensing patches integrated on different locations of a pillow are assembled for intelligent sleep monitoring.Versatile human–pillow interaction information as well as their evolution over time are acquired and analyzed by a one-dimensional convolutional neural network.Track of head movement and recognition of bad patterns that may lead to poor sleep are achieved,which provides a promising approach for sleep monitoring.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(No.2024ZDZX0019)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32200576)+1 种基金the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202408)the talented person scientific research starts funds subsidization project of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.030040043 and No.030040017)。
文摘The glucagon receptor(GCGR)is a critical target for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)and obesity.Activation of GCGR enhances systemic insulin sensitivity through paracrine stimulation of insulin secretion,presenting a promising avenue for treatment.However,the discovery of effective GCGR agonists remains a challenging and resource-intensive process,often requiring time-consuming wet-lab experiments to synthesize and screen potential compounds.Recent advances in artificial intelligence technologies have demonstrated great potential in accelerating drug discovery by streamlining screening and efficiently predicting bioactivity.In the present work,we propose DeepGCGR,a two-layer deep learning model that leverages graph convolutional networks(GCN)integrated with a multiple attention mechanism to expedite the identification of GCGR agonists.In the first layer,the model predicts the bioactivity of various compounds against GCGR,efficiently filtering large chemical libraries to identify promising candidates.In the second layer,DeepGCGR classifies high bioactive compounds based on their functional effects on GCGR signaling,identifying those with potential agonistic or antagonistic effects.Moreover,DeepGCGR was specifically applied to identify novel GCGR-regulating compounds for the treatment of T2DM from natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The proposed method will not only offer an effective strategy for discovering GCGR-targeting compounds with functional activation properties but also provide new insights into the development of T2DM therapeutics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22103045 and 52273077)the State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles,Qingdao University(Nos.ZDKT202108,RZ2000003334 and G2RC202022)support from the Australian National Fabrication Facility’s Queensland Node(No.ANFF-Q),the UQ-Yonsei International Research Project,and the JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project(No.JPMJER2003).
文摘High-entropy metal phosphide(HEMP)has considerable potential as an electrocatalyst owing to its beneficial properties,including high-entropy alloy synergy as well as the controllable structure and high conductivity of phosphides.Herein,electrospinning and in situ phosphating were employed to prepare three-dimensional(3D)networks of self-supporting HEMP nanofibers with varying degrees of phosphate content.Comprehensive characterizations via X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,as well as density functional theory calculations,demonstrate that the introduction of phosphorus(P)atoms to HEMP carbon nanofibers mediates their electronic structure,leads to lattice expansion,which in turn enhances their catalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Moreover,the formation of metal-P bonds weakens metal-metal interaction and decreases the free energy of hydrogen adsorption,contributing to the exceptional activity observed in the HEMP catalyst.Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the HEMP-0.75 catalyst with an ultralow loading of 1.22 wt%ruthenium(Ru)exhibits the highest HER catalytic activity and stability in a 1 M KOH electrolyte,achieving a minimal overpotential of 26 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)and Tafel slope of 50.9 mV·dec^(-1).
