High temperature stress (HT) significantly reduces maize yield by impairing starch accumulation in kernels.However,the mechanism by which HT affects starch synthesis remains controversial-whether through reduced assim...High temperature stress (HT) significantly reduces maize yield by impairing starch accumulation in kernels.However,the mechanism by which HT affects starch synthesis remains controversial-whether through reduced assimilate supply or direct inhibition on kernel metabolism.To clarify these mechanisms,a heat-sensitive maize hybrid,Xianyu 335 (XY),was exposed to 30℃/20℃ (maximum/minimum temperature,control) and 40℃/30℃ for seven consecutive days during the seed setting stage.Synchronous pollination (SP),apical pollination (AP),and shading treatments were applied to manipulate the inherent source–sink ratio in maize plants.Results showed that apical kernel weight decreased by 11.9%under 40℃ in the SP treatment.The ^(13)C content,starch accumulation,and cell-wall invertase (CWIN) activity also declined by 15.9,36.7,and 16.4%,respectively,under HT.In the shading treatment,40℃/30℃ caused even greater reductions in^(13)C content,starch accumulation,and CWIN activity due to diminished assimilate supply.Conversely,in the AP treatment,starch content and CWIN activity increased by 22.0 and 18.5%,respectively,under 40℃/30℃,resulting in kernel weight and ^(13)C content similar to those in SP and shading treatments regardless of temperature.Consistent with apical kernels under AP,HT did not negatively affect middle kernels in either SP or shading treatments,as kernel weight and starch content remained unchanged under HT.Although all kernels were exposed to the same HT or control environment,their responses varied a lot.The impaired starch synthesis in apical kernels under HT was rescued by increasing carbon supply via AP treatment.The contrasting performance among middle kernels,apical kernels under AP,and apical kernels under SP or shading indicates that reduced carbon supply is a critical factor underlying inhibited starch accumulation.Our findings provide a theoretical basis for further understanding kernel abortion under HT.展开更多
针对低压配电网对缓慢性故障监控和停电故障预警的客观需求问题,提出基于多源数据融合与深度信念网络的台区停电故障预警与定位方法。首先综合某低压配电台区的配电自动化系统(distribution automation system,DAS)、用户用电信息采集系...针对低压配电网对缓慢性故障监控和停电故障预警的客观需求问题,提出基于多源数据融合与深度信念网络的台区停电故障预警与定位方法。首先综合某低压配电台区的配电自动化系统(distribution automation system,DAS)、用户用电信息采集系统(power user electric energy data acquire system,PUEEDAS)和当地气象系统数据构建台区多源数据体系,为方法提供数据基础;其次利用受限玻尔兹曼机(restricted Boltzmann machine,RBM)和深度信念网络(deep belief network,DBN)训练带标签的台区历史故障数据,深度挖掘变压器、线路和用户的历史停电故障数据特征,利用该特征进行停电故障预警;再利用Dempster-Shafer(DS)证据理论对不同系统数据的预警结果进行融合,得到综合预警结果;最后以某低压配电台区为算例进行验证,验证分析表明所提方法能够较准确地对台区故障类型进行预警和精准定位。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071978)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2300901 and 2022YFD2300905)。
文摘High temperature stress (HT) significantly reduces maize yield by impairing starch accumulation in kernels.However,the mechanism by which HT affects starch synthesis remains controversial-whether through reduced assimilate supply or direct inhibition on kernel metabolism.To clarify these mechanisms,a heat-sensitive maize hybrid,Xianyu 335 (XY),was exposed to 30℃/20℃ (maximum/minimum temperature,control) and 40℃/30℃ for seven consecutive days during the seed setting stage.Synchronous pollination (SP),apical pollination (AP),and shading treatments were applied to manipulate the inherent source–sink ratio in maize plants.Results showed that apical kernel weight decreased by 11.9%under 40℃ in the SP treatment.The ^(13)C content,starch accumulation,and cell-wall invertase (CWIN) activity also declined by 15.9,36.7,and 16.4%,respectively,under HT.In the shading treatment,40℃/30℃ caused even greater reductions in^(13)C content,starch accumulation,and CWIN activity due to diminished assimilate supply.Conversely,in the AP treatment,starch content and CWIN activity increased by 22.0 and 18.5%,respectively,under 40℃/30℃,resulting in kernel weight and ^(13)C content similar to those in SP and shading treatments regardless of temperature.Consistent with apical kernels under AP,HT did not negatively affect middle kernels in either SP or shading treatments,as kernel weight and starch content remained unchanged under HT.Although all kernels were exposed to the same HT or control environment,their responses varied a lot.The impaired starch synthesis in apical kernels under HT was rescued by increasing carbon supply via AP treatment.The contrasting performance among middle kernels,apical kernels under AP,and apical kernels under SP or shading indicates that reduced carbon supply is a critical factor underlying inhibited starch accumulation.Our findings provide a theoretical basis for further understanding kernel abortion under HT.
文摘针对低压配电网对缓慢性故障监控和停电故障预警的客观需求问题,提出基于多源数据融合与深度信念网络的台区停电故障预警与定位方法。首先综合某低压配电台区的配电自动化系统(distribution automation system,DAS)、用户用电信息采集系统(power user electric energy data acquire system,PUEEDAS)和当地气象系统数据构建台区多源数据体系,为方法提供数据基础;其次利用受限玻尔兹曼机(restricted Boltzmann machine,RBM)和深度信念网络(deep belief network,DBN)训练带标签的台区历史故障数据,深度挖掘变压器、线路和用户的历史停电故障数据特征,利用该特征进行停电故障预警;再利用Dempster-Shafer(DS)证据理论对不同系统数据的预警结果进行融合,得到综合预警结果;最后以某低压配电台区为算例进行验证,验证分析表明所提方法能够较准确地对台区故障类型进行预警和精准定位。
