目的比较胸乳入路与低领切口喉返神经深层(VIB区)淋巴结清扫术治疗甲状腺乳头状癌的临床效果。方法回顾性纳入2021年12月至2023年10月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇一医院收治的68例甲状腺乳头状癌患者,按手术方式分为胸乳入路组(n=...目的比较胸乳入路与低领切口喉返神经深层(VIB区)淋巴结清扫术治疗甲状腺乳头状癌的临床效果。方法回顾性纳入2021年12月至2023年10月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇一医院收治的68例甲状腺乳头状癌患者,按手术方式分为胸乳入路组(n=34)和低领切口组(n=34)。胸乳入路组行经胸乳入路VIB区淋巴结清扫术,低领切口组行低领切口VIB区淋巴结清扫术。比较两组围术期指标(术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、住院时间)、术后并发症发生率、术后复发率、应激反应指标(肾上腺素E、去甲肾上腺素NE)、术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)及生活质量(GQOLI-74量表)。结果胸乳入路组术中出血量、术后引流量较低领切口组少,住院时间较低领切口组短,手术切口美观满意度较低领切口组高,并发症发生率较低领切口组低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低领切口组手术时间较胸乳入路组短,复发率较胸乳入路组低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胸乳入路组、低领切口组不同组间、时点间肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平存在交互作用(P<0.05),且胸乳入路组术后即刻、术后2 h E、NE水平均低于低领切口组(P<0.05)。胸乳入路组、低领切口组术后VAS评分均呈降低趋势,且胸乳入路组术后1 d、术后3 d、出院当日VAS评分低于低领切口组(P<0.05)。末次随访时,胸乳入路组GQOLI-74中心理功能、躯体功能维度评分均高于低领切口组(P<0.05),两组社会功能、物质状态维度评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论就甲状腺乳头状癌来说,胸乳入路VIB区淋巴结清扫术具有术中出血量少、患者对手术切口美观的满意度高、并发症发生率低、术后恢复快等优势,低领式VIB区淋巴结清扫术具有手术时间短、术后复发率低等优势。展开更多
The transdermal drug delivery(TDD) shows considerable advantages over other administration pathways.However, conventional enhancing permeation methods face a series of challenges owing to barrier function provided by ...The transdermal drug delivery(TDD) shows considerable advantages over other administration pathways.However, conventional enhancing permeation methods face a series of challenges owing to barrier function provided by the skin, of which enhancing abilities either are so strong that it results in toxicity and irritation, or too weak to achieve desirable therapeutical effects. To address these issues, it is an urgent need to develop a novel method to overcome the limitations of current measures. Fortunately, in the preceding decades, ionic liquids(ILs) have been extensively studied and increasingly applied in pharmaceutical drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. What is more, tunability of structure resolves the challenges in processing active pharmaceutical ingredient(API) formulation, such as polymorphism and poor solubility of drugs. Thus, the presence of ILs provides an ample design space for the transdermal drug delivery system(TDDS). This review discusses the shortcomings of conventional enhancing permeation methods and introduces the application of ILs in transdermal delivery from three aspects: i) ILs are applied as enhancers to weaken the barrier function of the stratum corneum(SC). ii) As counterions, ILs are combined with API to modify the physicochemical properties of drugs. iii) ILs assist in the design of transdermal preparation for perfecting formulation. This review comprehensively introduces the major breakthroughs made in the applications of ILs, which can serve as guidance to provide novel ideas for formulation scientists who hit the bottleneck in the development of TDD.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to develop a PLGA microspheres-based donepezil(DP)formulation which was expected to sustain release of DP for one week with high encapsulation efficiency(EE).DP derived from donepezil hyd...The purpose of this study was to develop a PLGA microspheres-based donepezil(DP)formulation which was expected to sustain release of DP for one week with high encapsulation efficiency(EE).DP derived from donepezil hydrochloride was encapsulated in PLGA microspheres by the O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation method.The optimized formulation which avoided the crushing of microspheres during the preparation process was characterized in terms of particle size,morphology,drug loading and EE,physical state of DP in the matrix and in vitro and in vivo release behavior.DP microspheres were prepared successfully with average diameter of 30m,drug loading of 15.92±0.31%and EE up to 78.79±2.56%.Scanning electron microscope image showed it has integrated spherical shape with no drug crystal and porous on its surface.Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results suggested DP was in amorphous state or molecularly dispersed in microspheres.The Tg of PLGA was increased with the addition of DP.The release profile in vitro was characterized with slow but continuous release that lasted for about one week and fitted well with first-order model,which suggested the diffusion governing release mechanism.After single-dose administration of DP microspheres via subcutaneous injection in rats,the plasma concentration of DP reached peak concentration at 0.50 d,and then declined gradually,but was still detectable at 15 d.A good correlation between in vitro and in vivo data was obtained.The results suggest the potential use of DP microspheres for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease over long periods.展开更多
The aim of this study was to develop a palatable donepezil(DP) orodispersible film(ODF)to facilitate the swallowing process and investigate the effect of cyclodextrin on tastemasking based on dynamic process and in vi...The aim of this study was to develop a palatable donepezil(DP) orodispersible film(ODF)to facilitate the swallowing process and investigate the effect of cyclodextrin on tastemasking based on dynamic process and in vivo drug absorption. Complexation of DP with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD) was applied to mask the bitter taste then the prepared complexes were incorporated into ODF using solvent casting method. The tastemasking efficiency was evaluated by e-tongue; meanwhile the pharmacokinetic behavior of DP/HP-β-CD ODF was investigated by in vivo study. Results showed the optimized film was more palatable than donepezil hydrochloride(DH) film and was bioequivalent with DH. The molecular mechanism was revealed by phase solubility study, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and molecular modeling. Taste-masking was attributed to the formation of DP/HP-β-CD which was due to moderate interaction between DP and HP-β-CD. The stability of DP/HP-β-CD was decreased because of the acid environment in stomach, which facilitated the absorption of DP. These results extended our understanding about the application of cyclodextrin complexation and provided guidance for the design of ODF especially for drugs with disgusting taste.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of backing films on transdermal delivery of cyclobenzaprine patch. Different backing films were chosen to prepare the cyclobenzaprine transdermal patch. The cumulati...The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of backing films on transdermal delivery of cyclobenzaprine patch. Different backing films were chosen to prepare the cyclobenzaprine transdermal patch. The cumulative amount of cyclobenzaprine released from different patches was evaluated in vitro. To investigate the interaction between cyclobenzaprine and backing films, the partitioning experiments and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were performed. The cumulative amount of cyclobenzaprine released from the patch with Cotran? 9700 as backing film was less than that of other patches with different backing films. Furthermore, the cumulative amount of cyclobenzaprine released from the patch with Cotran? 9700 as backing film decreased significantly after 7 d storage at room condition. The partitioning experiments indicated a strong adsorption of cyclobenzaprine onto the Cotran? 9700, which could explain the decrease of cumulative amount of cyclobenzaprine released from the patch with Cotran? 9700 as backing film. According to the ATR-FTIR results, there was no interaction between Cotran? 9700 and cyclobenzaprine. The effect of backing films on the release behavior of cyclobenzaprine transdermal patch was attributed to the adsorption of cyclobenzaprine onto the Cotran? 9700.展开更多
文摘目的比较胸乳入路与低领切口喉返神经深层(VIB区)淋巴结清扫术治疗甲状腺乳头状癌的临床效果。方法回顾性纳入2021年12月至2023年10月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇一医院收治的68例甲状腺乳头状癌患者,按手术方式分为胸乳入路组(n=34)和低领切口组(n=34)。胸乳入路组行经胸乳入路VIB区淋巴结清扫术,低领切口组行低领切口VIB区淋巴结清扫术。比较两组围术期指标(术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、住院时间)、术后并发症发生率、术后复发率、应激反应指标(肾上腺素E、去甲肾上腺素NE)、术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)及生活质量(GQOLI-74量表)。结果胸乳入路组术中出血量、术后引流量较低领切口组少,住院时间较低领切口组短,手术切口美观满意度较低领切口组高,并发症发生率较低领切口组低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低领切口组手术时间较胸乳入路组短,复发率较胸乳入路组低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胸乳入路组、低领切口组不同组间、时点间肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平存在交互作用(P<0.05),且胸乳入路组术后即刻、术后2 h E、NE水平均低于低领切口组(P<0.05)。胸乳入路组、低领切口组术后VAS评分均呈降低趋势,且胸乳入路组术后1 d、术后3 d、出院当日VAS评分低于低领切口组(P<0.05)。末次随访时,胸乳入路组GQOLI-74中心理功能、躯体功能维度评分均高于低领切口组(P<0.05),两组社会功能、物质状态维度评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论就甲状腺乳头状癌来说,胸乳入路VIB区淋巴结清扫术具有术中出血量少、患者对手术切口美观的满意度高、并发症发生率低、术后恢复快等优势,低领式VIB区淋巴结清扫术具有手术时间短、术后复发率低等优势。
文摘The transdermal drug delivery(TDD) shows considerable advantages over other administration pathways.However, conventional enhancing permeation methods face a series of challenges owing to barrier function provided by the skin, of which enhancing abilities either are so strong that it results in toxicity and irritation, or too weak to achieve desirable therapeutical effects. To address these issues, it is an urgent need to develop a novel method to overcome the limitations of current measures. Fortunately, in the preceding decades, ionic liquids(ILs) have been extensively studied and increasingly applied in pharmaceutical drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. What is more, tunability of structure resolves the challenges in processing active pharmaceutical ingredient(API) formulation, such as polymorphism and poor solubility of drugs. Thus, the presence of ILs provides an ample design space for the transdermal drug delivery system(TDDS). This review discusses the shortcomings of conventional enhancing permeation methods and introduces the application of ILs in transdermal delivery from three aspects: i) ILs are applied as enhancers to weaken the barrier function of the stratum corneum(SC). ii) As counterions, ILs are combined with API to modify the physicochemical properties of drugs. iii) ILs assist in the design of transdermal preparation for perfecting formulation. This review comprehensively introduces the major breakthroughs made in the applications of ILs, which can serve as guidance to provide novel ideas for formulation scientists who hit the bottleneck in the development of TDD.
文摘The purpose of this study was to develop a PLGA microspheres-based donepezil(DP)formulation which was expected to sustain release of DP for one week with high encapsulation efficiency(EE).DP derived from donepezil hydrochloride was encapsulated in PLGA microspheres by the O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation method.The optimized formulation which avoided the crushing of microspheres during the preparation process was characterized in terms of particle size,morphology,drug loading and EE,physical state of DP in the matrix and in vitro and in vivo release behavior.DP microspheres were prepared successfully with average diameter of 30m,drug loading of 15.92±0.31%and EE up to 78.79±2.56%.Scanning electron microscope image showed it has integrated spherical shape with no drug crystal and porous on its surface.Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results suggested DP was in amorphous state or molecularly dispersed in microspheres.The Tg of PLGA was increased with the addition of DP.The release profile in vitro was characterized with slow but continuous release that lasted for about one week and fitted well with first-order model,which suggested the diffusion governing release mechanism.After single-dose administration of DP microspheres via subcutaneous injection in rats,the plasma concentration of DP reached peak concentration at 0.50 d,and then declined gradually,but was still detectable at 15 d.A good correlation between in vitro and in vivo data was obtained.The results suggest the potential use of DP microspheres for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease over long periods.
文摘The aim of this study was to develop a palatable donepezil(DP) orodispersible film(ODF)to facilitate the swallowing process and investigate the effect of cyclodextrin on tastemasking based on dynamic process and in vivo drug absorption. Complexation of DP with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD) was applied to mask the bitter taste then the prepared complexes were incorporated into ODF using solvent casting method. The tastemasking efficiency was evaluated by e-tongue; meanwhile the pharmacokinetic behavior of DP/HP-β-CD ODF was investigated by in vivo study. Results showed the optimized film was more palatable than donepezil hydrochloride(DH) film and was bioequivalent with DH. The molecular mechanism was revealed by phase solubility study, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and molecular modeling. Taste-masking was attributed to the formation of DP/HP-β-CD which was due to moderate interaction between DP and HP-β-CD. The stability of DP/HP-β-CD was decreased because of the acid environment in stomach, which facilitated the absorption of DP. These results extended our understanding about the application of cyclodextrin complexation and provided guidance for the design of ODF especially for drugs with disgusting taste.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of backing films on transdermal delivery of cyclobenzaprine patch. Different backing films were chosen to prepare the cyclobenzaprine transdermal patch. The cumulative amount of cyclobenzaprine released from different patches was evaluated in vitro. To investigate the interaction between cyclobenzaprine and backing films, the partitioning experiments and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were performed. The cumulative amount of cyclobenzaprine released from the patch with Cotran? 9700 as backing film was less than that of other patches with different backing films. Furthermore, the cumulative amount of cyclobenzaprine released from the patch with Cotran? 9700 as backing film decreased significantly after 7 d storage at room condition. The partitioning experiments indicated a strong adsorption of cyclobenzaprine onto the Cotran? 9700, which could explain the decrease of cumulative amount of cyclobenzaprine released from the patch with Cotran? 9700 as backing film. According to the ATR-FTIR results, there was no interaction between Cotran? 9700 and cyclobenzaprine. The effect of backing films on the release behavior of cyclobenzaprine transdermal patch was attributed to the adsorption of cyclobenzaprine onto the Cotran? 9700.
