Afforestation has been implemented to reduce soil erosion and improve the environment of the Loess Plateau,China.Although it increased soil organic carbon（SOC）,the stability of the increase is unknown.Additionally,t...Afforestation has been implemented to reduce soil erosion and improve the environment of the Loess Plateau,China.Although it increased soil organic carbon（SOC）,the stability of the increase is unknown.Additionally,the variations of soil inorganic carbon（SIC） following afforestation needs to be reconfirmed.After planting Robinia pseudoacacia,Pinus tabuliformis,and Hippophae rhamnoides on bare land on the Loess Plateau,total soil carbon（TSC） was measured and its two components,SIC and SOC,as well as the light and heavy fractions within SOC under bare lands and woodlands at the soil surface（0–20 cm）.The results show that TSC on bare land was 24.5 Mg ha^（-1） and significantly increased to 51.6 Mg ha^（-1） for R.pseudoacacia,47.0 Mg ha^（-1） for P.tabuliformis and 39.9 Mg ha^（-1） for H.rhamnoides.The accumulated total soil carbon under R.pseudoacacia,P.tabuliformis,and H.rhamnoides,the heavy fraction（HFSOC） accounted for 65.2,31.7 and 76.2%,respectively; the light fraction（LF-SOC） accounted for 18.0,52.0 and 4.0%,respectively; SIC occupied 15.6,15.3 and 19.7%,respectively.The accumulation rates of TSC under R.pseudoacacia,P.tabuliformis,and H.rhamnoides reached159.5,112.4 and 102.5 g m^（-2） a^（-1）,respectively.The results demonstrate that afforestation on bare land has high potential for soil carbon accumulation on the Loess Plateau.Among the newly sequestrated total soil carbon,the heavy fraction（HF-SOC） with a slow turnover rate accounted for a considerably high percentage,suggesting that significant sequestrated carbon can be stored in soils following afforestation.Furthermore,afforestation induces SIC sequestration.Although its contribution to TSC accumulation was less than SOC,overlooking it may substantially underestimate the capacity of carbon sequestration after afforestation on the Loess Plateau.展开更多
Neuroscientists have emphasized visceral influences on consciousness and attention,but the potential neurophysiological pathways remain under exploration.Here,we found two neurophysiological pathways of heartbrain int...Neuroscientists have emphasized visceral influences on consciousness and attention,but the potential neurophysiological pathways remain under exploration.Here,we found two neurophysiological pathways of heartbrain interaction based on the relationship between oxygen-transport by red blood cells(RBCs)and consciousness/attention.To this end,we collected a dataset based on the routine physical examination,the breaking continuous flash suppression(b-CFS)paradigm,and an attention network test(ANT)in 140 immigrants under the hypoxic Tibetan environment.We combined electroencephalography and multilevel mediation analysis to investigate the relationship between RBC properties and consciousness/attention.The results showed that RBC function,via two independent neurophysiological pathways,not only triggered interoceptive re-representations in the insula and awareness connected to orienting attention but also induced an immune response corresponding to consciousness and executive control.Importantly,consciousness played a fundamental role in executive function which might be associated with the level of perceived stress.These results indicated the important role of oxygen-transport in heart-brain interactions,in which the related stress response affected consciousness and executive control.The findings provide new insights into the neurophysiological schema of heartbrain interactions.展开更多
Objective:To reveal the effect of boiling time on radionuclide concentrations in seafood by investigating boilingrepresented cooking practices,in order to fill the knowledge gap on how boiling time affects human radia...Objective:To reveal the effect of boiling time on radionuclide concentrations in seafood by investigating boilingrepresented cooking practices,in order to fill the knowledge gap on how boiling time affects human radiation exposure.-Methods:A total of 13 seafood species of four categories(fish,crustacean,mollusk and algae)were collected from the coastal areas of China and analyzed for radionuclide contents left after boiling at 5,10,20 and^(40)min under 100◦C.Grossαandβ,^(40)K,^(226)Ra,^(232)Th,^(137)Cs were measured using the low backgroundαandβcounter and the gamma-spectrometer.Results:The contents of radionuclides decreased significantly with the increasing boiling time.The average retention rate ofα-emitting radionuclide in in fish,crustacean,mollusk,and algae decreased to 64.47%,53.34%,84.12%and 62.63%after 5 min of boiling,respectively,and then to 15.46%,14.21%,71.94%,and 27.27%after^(40)min,respectively.The average retention rate ofβ-emitting radionuclide in in fish,crustacean,mollusk,and algae decreased to 64.89%,43.43%,66.55%and 63.30%after 5 min,respectively,and then to 47.90%,29.01%,45.96%,and 53.24%after^(40)min.The greatest loss of solubility was observed for^(40)K with the average retention rate of 47.16%after 10 min,and higher retention rate of 87.86%and 90.03%in^(226)Ra and^(232)Th,respectively.Conclusion:Boiling is effective in reducing the radionuclide content,with the committed effective dose(CED)reduction of 44.6%achieved by boiling for 10 min,mainly due to the reduction in^(40)K.A full assessment will also be needed to incorporate more radionuclides(^(210)Po,^(210)Pb,^(228)Ra)into the calculations.展开更多
基金supported by,the twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Science and Technology in China(2012BAD22B0302)
文摘Afforestation has been implemented to reduce soil erosion and improve the environment of the Loess Plateau,China.Although it increased soil organic carbon（SOC）,the stability of the increase is unknown.Additionally,the variations of soil inorganic carbon（SIC） following afforestation needs to be reconfirmed.After planting Robinia pseudoacacia,Pinus tabuliformis,and Hippophae rhamnoides on bare land on the Loess Plateau,total soil carbon（TSC） was measured and its two components,SIC and SOC,as well as the light and heavy fractions within SOC under bare lands and woodlands at the soil surface（0–20 cm）.The results show that TSC on bare land was 24.5 Mg ha^（-1） and significantly increased to 51.6 Mg ha^（-1） for R.pseudoacacia,47.0 Mg ha^（-1） for P.tabuliformis and 39.9 Mg ha^（-1） for H.rhamnoides.The accumulated total soil carbon under R.pseudoacacia,P.tabuliformis,and H.rhamnoides,the heavy fraction（HFSOC） accounted for 65.2,31.7 and 76.2%,respectively; the light fraction（LF-SOC） accounted for 18.0,52.0 and 4.0%,respectively; SIC occupied 15.6,15.3 and 19.7%,respectively.The accumulation rates of TSC under R.pseudoacacia,P.tabuliformis,and H.rhamnoides reached159.5,112.4 and 102.5 g m^（-2） a^（-1）,respectively.The results demonstrate that afforestation on bare land has high potential for soil carbon accumulation on the Loess Plateau.Among the newly sequestrated total soil carbon,the heavy fraction（HF-SOC） with a slow turnover rate accounted for a considerably high percentage,suggesting that significant sequestrated carbon can be stored in soils following afforestation.Furthermore,afforestation induces SIC sequestration.Although its contribution to TSC accumulation was less than SOC,overlooking it may substantially underestimate the capacity of carbon sequestration after afforestation on the Loess Plateau.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660274,31771247,and 31600907)the Reformation and Development Funds for Local Region Universities from the Chinese Government in 2020(00060607,ZCJK 2020-11).
文摘Neuroscientists have emphasized visceral influences on consciousness and attention,but the potential neurophysiological pathways remain under exploration.Here,we found two neurophysiological pathways of heartbrain interaction based on the relationship between oxygen-transport by red blood cells(RBCs)and consciousness/attention.To this end,we collected a dataset based on the routine physical examination,the breaking continuous flash suppression(b-CFS)paradigm,and an attention network test(ANT)in 140 immigrants under the hypoxic Tibetan environment.We combined electroencephalography and multilevel mediation analysis to investigate the relationship between RBC properties and consciousness/attention.The results showed that RBC function,via two independent neurophysiological pathways,not only triggered interoceptive re-representations in the insula and awareness connected to orienting attention but also induced an immune response corresponding to consciousness and executive control.Importantly,consciousness played a fundamental role in executive function which might be associated with the level of perceived stress.These results indicated the important role of oxygen-transport in heart-brain interactions,in which the related stress response affected consciousness and executive control.The findings provide new insights into the neurophysiological schema of heartbrain interactions.
基金2023 Nanjing Medical University Wuxi Medical Center General Projects(Grant No.WMCG202338),China.
文摘Objective:To reveal the effect of boiling time on radionuclide concentrations in seafood by investigating boilingrepresented cooking practices,in order to fill the knowledge gap on how boiling time affects human radiation exposure.-Methods:A total of 13 seafood species of four categories(fish,crustacean,mollusk and algae)were collected from the coastal areas of China and analyzed for radionuclide contents left after boiling at 5,10,20 and^(40)min under 100◦C.Grossαandβ,^(40)K,^(226)Ra,^(232)Th,^(137)Cs were measured using the low backgroundαandβcounter and the gamma-spectrometer.Results:The contents of radionuclides decreased significantly with the increasing boiling time.The average retention rate ofα-emitting radionuclide in in fish,crustacean,mollusk,and algae decreased to 64.47%,53.34%,84.12%and 62.63%after 5 min of boiling,respectively,and then to 15.46%,14.21%,71.94%,and 27.27%after^(40)min,respectively.The average retention rate ofβ-emitting radionuclide in in fish,crustacean,mollusk,and algae decreased to 64.89%,43.43%,66.55%and 63.30%after 5 min,respectively,and then to 47.90%,29.01%,45.96%,and 53.24%after^(40)min.The greatest loss of solubility was observed for^(40)K with the average retention rate of 47.16%after 10 min,and higher retention rate of 87.86%and 90.03%in^(226)Ra and^(232)Th,respectively.Conclusion:Boiling is effective in reducing the radionuclide content,with the committed effective dose(CED)reduction of 44.6%achieved by boiling for 10 min,mainly due to the reduction in^(40)K.A full assessment will also be needed to incorporate more radionuclides(^(210)Po,^(210)Pb,^(228)Ra)into the calculations.
