1.Introduction Electrodeposited copper is frequently employed as an electrical interconnection material in modern electronic devices owing to its superior conductivity and electromigration resistance[1,2].Reduc-ing th...1.Introduction Electrodeposited copper is frequently employed as an electrical interconnection material in modern electronic devices owing to its superior conductivity and electromigration resistance[1,2].Reduc-ing the electrical resistivity of Cu interconnects is an everlasting pursuit of the industry.For pure Cu,the primary approach to re-ducing its resistivity is to eliminate the crystal defects that scatter the electron transmission,especially grain boundaries(GBs).More-over,GBs are known to be the fast diffusion path for electromi-gration,which may lead to the formation of voids and protrusions[3,4].Therefore,efforts have been devoted to achieving large grains or even single crystals in Cu interconnects.展开更多
Searchable encryption allows cloud users to outsource the massive encrypted data to the remote cloud and to search over the data without revealing the sensitive information. Many schemes have been proposed to support ...Searchable encryption allows cloud users to outsource the massive encrypted data to the remote cloud and to search over the data without revealing the sensitive information. Many schemes have been proposed to support the keyword search in a public cloud. However,they have some potential limitations. First,most of the existing schemes only consider the scenario with the single data owner. Second,they need secure channels to guarantee the secure transmission of secret keys from the data owner to data users. Third,in some schemes,the data owner should be online to help data users when data users intend to perform the search,which is inconvenient.In this paper,we propose a novel searchable scheme which supports the multi-owner keyword search without secure channels. More than that,our scheme is a non-interactive solution,in which all the users only need to communicate with the cloud server. Furthermore,the analysis proves that our scheme can guarantee the security even without secure channels. Unlike most existing public key encryption based searchable schemes,we evaluate the performance of our scheme,which shows that our scheme is practical.展开更多
In China,lung cancer is a primary cancer type with high incidence and mortality.Risk factors for lung cancer include tobacco use,family history,radiation exposure,and the presence of chronic lung diseases.Most early-s...In China,lung cancer is a primary cancer type with high incidence and mortality.Risk factors for lung cancer include tobacco use,family history,radiation exposure,and the presence of chronic lung diseases.Most early-stage non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients miss the optimal timing for treatment due to the lack of clinical presentations.Population-based nationwide screening programs are of significant help in increasing the early detection and survival rates of NSCLC in China.The understanding of molecular carcinogenesis and the identification of oncogenic drivers dramatically facilitate the development of targeted therapy for NSCLC,thus prolonging survival in patients with positive drivers.In the exploration of immune escape mechanisms,programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)inhibitor monotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy have become a standard of care for advanced NSCLC in China.In the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology’s guidelines for NSCLC,maintenance immunotherapy is recommended for locally advanced NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy.Adjuvant immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy will be approved for resectable NSCLC.In this review,we summarized recent advances in NSCLC in China in terms of epidemiology,biology,molecular pathology,pathogenesis,screening,diagnosis,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy。展开更多
With rapid advances in design methods and structural analysis techniques,computational generative design strategies have been adopted more widely in the field of architecture and engineering.As a performance-based des...With rapid advances in design methods and structural analysis techniques,computational generative design strategies have been adopted more widely in the field of architecture and engineering.As a performance-based design technique to find out the most efficient structural form,topology optimization provides a powerful tool for designers to explore lightweight and elegant structures.Building on this background,this study proposes an innovative pedestrian bridge design,which covers the process from conceptualization to detailed design implementation.This pedestrian bridge,with a main span of 152 m,needs to meet some unique architectural requirements,while addressing multiple engineering challenges.Aiming to reduce the depth of the girder but still meeting the load-carrying capacity requirements,the superstructure of this bridge adopts a variable-depth spinal-shaped girder in the center of its deck,thus forming an elegant curving facade,from which one pathway cantilevers on either side.At one end of the bridge,given considerable elevation difference between the bridge deck and the ground,a two-level Fibonacci-type spiral-shaped bicycle ramp is provided.The superstructure is supported by a series of organic tree-shaped branching piers resulting from the topology optimization.The ingenious design for the elegant profile of the bicycle ramp generates an enjoyable and dynamic crossing experience,with scenic views in all directions.By virtue of technological innovation,the pedestrian bridge is expected to create an iconic,cost-effective,and low-maintenance solution.A brief overview of the theoretical background of the bi-directional evolutionary structure optimization(BESO)and the multi-material BESO approach is also offered in this paper,while the construction requirements and challenges,conceptual development process,form-finding strategy,detailed design,and construction method of the bridge are presented.展开更多
Quasi-rectangular shield tunneling is a cutting-edge trenchless method for constructing metro tunnels with double tubes,owing to its advantages in saving underground space and reducing ground disturbance.However,the c...Quasi-rectangular shield tunneling is a cutting-edge trenchless method for constructing metro tunnels with double tubes,owing to its advantages in saving underground space and reducing ground disturbance.However,the conventional quasi-rectangular shield tunneling method is not applicable when constructing a tunnel without a center pillar,such as a scissor crossover section of a metro line.Therefore,the O-0 tunneling method,which combines the quasirectangular shield and pipe jacking methods,was investigated in this study to solve the aforementioned construction challenges.This study presents a case study of the Sijiqing Station of the Hangzhou Metro Line 9 in China,in which the O-0 method was first proposed and applied.Key techniques such as switching between two types of tunneling modes and the tunneling process control in complex construction environments were investigated.The results demonstrated that the O-0 method can address the technical challenges presented by the post-transition line with a high curvature and a scissors crossover line.In addition,the adoption of the 0-0 method ensured that the transformation between shield tunneling and pipe jacking was safe and efficient.The ground settlement monitoring results demonstrated that the disturbance to the surrounding environment can be limited to a safe level.This case study contributes to the construction technology for a metro tunnel containing both post-transition lines with a small turning radius and a scissors crossover line.A practical construction experience and theoretical guidance were provided in this study,which are of significance for both the industry and academia.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.62004124,22372100,and 51991374).
文摘1.Introduction Electrodeposited copper is frequently employed as an electrical interconnection material in modern electronic devices owing to its superior conductivity and electromigration resistance[1,2].Reduc-ing the electrical resistivity of Cu interconnects is an everlasting pursuit of the industry.For pure Cu,the primary approach to re-ducing its resistivity is to eliminate the crystal defects that scatter the electron transmission,especially grain boundaries(GBs).More-over,GBs are known to be the fast diffusion path for electromi-gration,which may lead to the formation of voids and protrusions[3,4].Therefore,efforts have been devoted to achieving large grains or even single crystals in Cu interconnects.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61303264)
文摘Searchable encryption allows cloud users to outsource the massive encrypted data to the remote cloud and to search over the data without revealing the sensitive information. Many schemes have been proposed to support the keyword search in a public cloud. However,they have some potential limitations. First,most of the existing schemes only consider the scenario with the single data owner. Second,they need secure channels to guarantee the secure transmission of secret keys from the data owner to data users. Third,in some schemes,the data owner should be online to help data users when data users intend to perform the search,which is inconvenient.In this paper,we propose a novel searchable scheme which supports the multi-owner keyword search without secure channels. More than that,our scheme is a non-interactive solution,in which all the users only need to communicate with the cloud server. Furthermore,the analysis proves that our scheme can guarantee the security even without secure channels. Unlike most existing public key encryption based searchable schemes,we evaluate the performance of our scheme,which shows that our scheme is practical.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81871865Collaborative Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:2020CXJQ02Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission,Grant/Award Numbers:19411950300,19411950301。
文摘In China,lung cancer is a primary cancer type with high incidence and mortality.Risk factors for lung cancer include tobacco use,family history,radiation exposure,and the presence of chronic lung diseases.Most early-stage non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients miss the optimal timing for treatment due to the lack of clinical presentations.Population-based nationwide screening programs are of significant help in increasing the early detection and survival rates of NSCLC in China.The understanding of molecular carcinogenesis and the identification of oncogenic drivers dramatically facilitate the development of targeted therapy for NSCLC,thus prolonging survival in patients with positive drivers.In the exploration of immune escape mechanisms,programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)inhibitor monotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy have become a standard of care for advanced NSCLC in China.In the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology’s guidelines for NSCLC,maintenance immunotherapy is recommended for locally advanced NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy.Adjuvant immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy will be approved for resectable NSCLC.In this review,we summarized recent advances in NSCLC in China in terms of epidemiology,biology,molecular pathology,pathogenesis,screening,diagnosis,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy。
基金supported by the Technological Innovation and Construction Science and Technology Project of Chongqing City(cstc2022-1-5-3)the Australian Research Council(FL190100014,DP200102190).
文摘With rapid advances in design methods and structural analysis techniques,computational generative design strategies have been adopted more widely in the field of architecture and engineering.As a performance-based design technique to find out the most efficient structural form,topology optimization provides a powerful tool for designers to explore lightweight and elegant structures.Building on this background,this study proposes an innovative pedestrian bridge design,which covers the process from conceptualization to detailed design implementation.This pedestrian bridge,with a main span of 152 m,needs to meet some unique architectural requirements,while addressing multiple engineering challenges.Aiming to reduce the depth of the girder but still meeting the load-carrying capacity requirements,the superstructure of this bridge adopts a variable-depth spinal-shaped girder in the center of its deck,thus forming an elegant curving facade,from which one pathway cantilevers on either side.At one end of the bridge,given considerable elevation difference between the bridge deck and the ground,a two-level Fibonacci-type spiral-shaped bicycle ramp is provided.The superstructure is supported by a series of organic tree-shaped branching piers resulting from the topology optimization.The ingenious design for the elegant profile of the bicycle ramp generates an enjoyable and dynamic crossing experience,with scenic views in all directions.By virtue of technological innovation,the pedestrian bridge is expected to create an iconic,cost-effective,and low-maintenance solution.A brief overview of the theoretical background of the bi-directional evolutionary structure optimization(BESO)and the multi-material BESO approach is also offered in this paper,while the construction requirements and challenges,conceptual development process,form-finding strategy,detailed design,and construction method of the bridge are presented.
基金theSSocial Development Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.21DZ1201105)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.21D111320)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42201489).
文摘Quasi-rectangular shield tunneling is a cutting-edge trenchless method for constructing metro tunnels with double tubes,owing to its advantages in saving underground space and reducing ground disturbance.However,the conventional quasi-rectangular shield tunneling method is not applicable when constructing a tunnel without a center pillar,such as a scissor crossover section of a metro line.Therefore,the O-0 tunneling method,which combines the quasirectangular shield and pipe jacking methods,was investigated in this study to solve the aforementioned construction challenges.This study presents a case study of the Sijiqing Station of the Hangzhou Metro Line 9 in China,in which the O-0 method was first proposed and applied.Key techniques such as switching between two types of tunneling modes and the tunneling process control in complex construction environments were investigated.The results demonstrated that the O-0 method can address the technical challenges presented by the post-transition line with a high curvature and a scissors crossover line.In addition,the adoption of the 0-0 method ensured that the transformation between shield tunneling and pipe jacking was safe and efficient.The ground settlement monitoring results demonstrated that the disturbance to the surrounding environment can be limited to a safe level.This case study contributes to the construction technology for a metro tunnel containing both post-transition lines with a small turning radius and a scissors crossover line.A practical construction experience and theoretical guidance were provided in this study,which are of significance for both the industry and academia.
