Dear Editor,Neuromodulation,a rapidly expanding field attracting wide attention over recent decades,facilitates human cognition,behavior,and pathology by modifying the activity of specific neural targets.Human brain f...Dear Editor,Neuromodulation,a rapidly expanding field attracting wide attention over recent decades,facilitates human cognition,behavior,and pathology by modifying the activity of specific neural targets.Human brain functions can be modified by exogenous brain neuromodulation techniques that deliver physical energy(e.g.,electrical current or magnetic pulses)into the brain[1],such as deep brain stimulation,transcranial magnetic stimulation,and tran-scranial direct current stimulation.展开更多
Due to the abundance and sustainability of solar energy,converting it into chemical energy to obtain clean energy presents an ideal solution for addressing environmental pollution and energy shortages stemming from th...Due to the abundance and sustainability of solar energy,converting it into chemical energy to obtain clean energy presents an ideal solution for addressing environmental pollution and energy shortages stemming from the extensive combustion of fossil fuels.In recent years,hydrogen energy has emerged on the stage of history as the most promising clean energy carrier of the 21st century.Among the current methods of producing hydrogen,photocatalytic hydrogen production technology,as a zero-carbon approach to producing high calorific value and pollution-free hydrogen energy,has attracted much attention since its discovery.As the core of photocatalysis technology,semiconductor photocatalysts are always the research hotspots.Among them,graphite-phase carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),an organic semiconductor material composed of only C and N elements,possesses physicochemical properties incomparable to those of traditional inorganic semiconductor materials,including suitable energy band positions,easy structural regulation,inexpensive raw materials and abundant reserves,simple preparation,high thermal/mechanical/chemical stability,etc.Therefore,g-C_(3)N_(4) has attracted extensive attention in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production in the last two decades.This review comprehensively outlines the research trajectory of g-C_(3)N_(4) photocatalytic hydrogen production,encompassing development,preparation methods,advantages,and disadvantages.A concise introduction to g-C_(3)N_(4) is provided,as well as an analysis of the underlying mechanism of the photocatalytic system.Additionally,it delves into the latest techniques to enhance performance,including nanostructure design,elemental doping,and heterojunction construction.The applications of g-C_(3)N_(4) based photocatalysts in hydrogen production are surveyed,underscoring the significance of catalyst active sites and g-C_(3)N_(4) synthesis pathways.At length,concluded are insights into the challenges and opportunities presented by g-C_(3)N_(4) based photocatalysts for achieving heightened hydrogen production.展开更多
Physical adsorption is a common method to solve the contamination of methylene blue in dyeing wastewater.As a kind of adsorption material,cellulose aerogels with high porosity and surface areas have great potential ap...Physical adsorption is a common method to solve the contamination of methylene blue in dyeing wastewater.As a kind of adsorption material,cellulose aerogels with high porosity and surface areas have great potential application in methylene blue removal.However,the week hydrogen bonding between cellulose nanofibers making the cellulose aerogels with the poor mechanical properties and can be easily destroyed during adsorption.Hence,the preparation of cellulose aerogels with high mechanical strength is still a great challenge.Here,we report a robust super-assembly strategy to fabricate cellulose aerogels by combining cellulose nanofibers with PVA and M-K10.The resulting cellulose aerogels not only has a robust chemically cross-linked network,but also has strong H-bonds,which greatly enhance the mechanical properties.The resulting cellulose aerogels possess a low density of 19.32 mg/cm^(3).Furthermore,the cellulose aerogel shows 93%shape recovery under 60%strain(9.5 k Pa under 60%strain)after 100 cycles,showing excellent mechanical property.The adsorption capacity of cellulose aerogel to methylene blue solution of 20 mg/L is 2.28 mg/g and the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms have also been studied.Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model are more acceptable for indicating the adsorption process of methylene blue on the cellulose aerogel.Thus,this compressible and durable cellulose aerogel is a very prospective material for dyeing wastewater cleanup.展开更多
Photocatalytic hydrogen production technology offers a means of converting solar energy into chemical energy contained in hydrogen for human consumption.However,traditional photocatalysts restrict the progress of phot...Photocatalytic hydrogen production technology offers a means of converting solar energy into chemical energy contained in hydrogen for human consumption.However,traditional photocatalysts restrict the progress of photocatalytic technology owing to the straightforward complexation of carriers and lack of active sites.Thus,in this work,the number of active sites and carrier separation efficiency have been significantly improved by non-metallic modification and modulation of the geometry of carbon nitride.It has been demonstrated that oxygen doping enhances the energy band structure of benzene-substituted Odoped g-CN nanotubes(BOCN).Oxygen,in conjunction with the benzene ring,creates redox energy level positions that are spatially separated.One-dimensional tubular structures synthesised by supramolecular self-assembly have a thin-walled structure capable of exposing more active sites.Additionally,the adsorption equilibrium of H+on the catalyst is further enhanced.The in-depth analysis of each component through experiments and theoretical calculations contributes to a reasonable photocatalytic mechanism for decomposing aquatic hydrogen.展开更多
Clastic rock reservoirs in petroliferous basins are generally rich in feldspars. Feldspar dissolution has developed widely in clastic reservoirs, and the resulting secondary pores are crucial in deeply buried reservoi...Clastic rock reservoirs in petroliferous basins are generally rich in feldspars. Feldspar dissolution has developed widely in clastic reservoirs, and the resulting secondary pores are crucial in deeply buried reservoirs. Based on a study of the diagenesis of clastic reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin, Tarim Basin, and Pearl River Mouth Basin and physical and numerical simulation experiments of fluid-rock interactions, this paper proposed a successive formation model of secondary pores via feldspar dissolution in deeply buried clastic reservoirs, considering the global research progresses in feldspar dissolution in clastic rocks. Feldspar dissolution can occur from shallow open systems to deep-ultra deep closed systems in petroliferous basins, resulting in the successive formation of secondary pores at different diagenetic stages. The successive mechanism includes three aspects. The first aspect is the succession of corrosive fluids that dissolve minerals. Meteoric freshwater dominates at the Earth’s surface and the early diagenetic A stage. Subsequently, organic acids and COformed via kerogen maturation dominate at the early diagenetic B stage to the middle diagenetic stage. COand organic acids formed via hydrocarbon oxidation in hydrocarbon reservoirs dominate at the middle diagenetic B stage to the late diagenetic stage. The second aspect is the successive formation processes of secondary pores via feldspar dissolution. Large-scale feldspar secondary pores identified in deep reservoirs include secondary pores formed at shallow-medium depths that are subsequently preserved into deep layers, as well as secondary pores formed at deep depths. Existing secondary pores in deeply buried reservoirs are the superposition of successively feldspar dissolution caused by different acids at different stages. The third aspect is a successive change in the feldspar alteration pathways and porosity enhancement/preservation effect. Open to semi-open diagenetic systems are developed from the Earth’s surface to the early diagenetic stage, and feldspar dissolution forms enhanced secondary pores. Nearly closed to closed diagenetic systems develop in the middle to late diagenetic stages, and feldspar dissolution forms redistributional secondary pores. The associated cementation causes compression resistance of the rock, which is favorable for the preservation of secondary pores in deep layers. These new insights extend the formation window of secondary pores in petroliferous basins from the traditional acid-oil generation window to a high-temperature gas generation window after hydrocarbon charging. The proposed model explains the genesis of deep-ultra deep high-quality reservoirs with low-permeability, medium-porosity and dominating feldspar secondary pores, which is significant for hydrocarbon exploration in deep to ultra-deep layers.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071999,61431002,31521063,and 61273287)the National 973 Program(2014CB846100).
文摘Dear Editor,Neuromodulation,a rapidly expanding field attracting wide attention over recent decades,facilitates human cognition,behavior,and pathology by modifying the activity of specific neural targets.Human brain functions can be modified by exogenous brain neuromodulation techniques that deliver physical energy(e.g.,electrical current or magnetic pulses)into the brain[1],such as deep brain stimulation,transcranial magnetic stimulation,and tran-scranial direct current stimulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22202086,22208129)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX23_2070)College Student Innovation and Practice Fund of Industrial Center of Jiangsu University(ZXJG2022002).
文摘Due to the abundance and sustainability of solar energy,converting it into chemical energy to obtain clean energy presents an ideal solution for addressing environmental pollution and energy shortages stemming from the extensive combustion of fossil fuels.In recent years,hydrogen energy has emerged on the stage of history as the most promising clean energy carrier of the 21st century.Among the current methods of producing hydrogen,photocatalytic hydrogen production technology,as a zero-carbon approach to producing high calorific value and pollution-free hydrogen energy,has attracted much attention since its discovery.As the core of photocatalysis technology,semiconductor photocatalysts are always the research hotspots.Among them,graphite-phase carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),an organic semiconductor material composed of only C and N elements,possesses physicochemical properties incomparable to those of traditional inorganic semiconductor materials,including suitable energy band positions,easy structural regulation,inexpensive raw materials and abundant reserves,simple preparation,high thermal/mechanical/chemical stability,etc.Therefore,g-C_(3)N_(4) has attracted extensive attention in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production in the last two decades.This review comprehensively outlines the research trajectory of g-C_(3)N_(4) photocatalytic hydrogen production,encompassing development,preparation methods,advantages,and disadvantages.A concise introduction to g-C_(3)N_(4) is provided,as well as an analysis of the underlying mechanism of the photocatalytic system.Additionally,it delves into the latest techniques to enhance performance,including nanostructure design,elemental doping,and heterojunction construction.The applications of g-C_(3)N_(4) based photocatalysts in hydrogen production are surveyed,underscoring the significance of catalyst active sites and g-C_(3)N_(4) synthesis pathways.At length,concluded are insights into the challenges and opportunities presented by g-C_(3)N_(4) based photocatalysts for achieving heightened hydrogen production.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2019YFC1604601,2019YFC1604600,2017YFA0206901,2017YFA0206900,2018YFC1602301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21705027,21974029)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.18ZR1404700)Construction Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging(No.18DZ2260400)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Class II Plateau Disciplinary Construction Program of Medical Technology of SUMHS,2018-2020)National Natural Science Foundation of China Found(No.51703109)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong(No.2018CXGC1406)。
文摘Physical adsorption is a common method to solve the contamination of methylene blue in dyeing wastewater.As a kind of adsorption material,cellulose aerogels with high porosity and surface areas have great potential application in methylene blue removal.However,the week hydrogen bonding between cellulose nanofibers making the cellulose aerogels with the poor mechanical properties and can be easily destroyed during adsorption.Hence,the preparation of cellulose aerogels with high mechanical strength is still a great challenge.Here,we report a robust super-assembly strategy to fabricate cellulose aerogels by combining cellulose nanofibers with PVA and M-K10.The resulting cellulose aerogels not only has a robust chemically cross-linked network,but also has strong H-bonds,which greatly enhance the mechanical properties.The resulting cellulose aerogels possess a low density of 19.32 mg/cm^(3).Furthermore,the cellulose aerogel shows 93%shape recovery under 60%strain(9.5 k Pa under 60%strain)after 100 cycles,showing excellent mechanical property.The adsorption capacity of cellulose aerogel to methylene blue solution of 20 mg/L is 2.28 mg/g and the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms have also been studied.Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model are more acceptable for indicating the adsorption process of methylene blue on the cellulose aerogel.Thus,this compressible and durable cellulose aerogel is a very prospective material for dyeing wastewater cleanup.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208129,22378174)the Huaian City Science and Technology Plan Project(No.HAG202303).
文摘Photocatalytic hydrogen production technology offers a means of converting solar energy into chemical energy contained in hydrogen for human consumption.However,traditional photocatalysts restrict the progress of photocatalytic technology owing to the straightforward complexation of carriers and lack of active sites.Thus,in this work,the number of active sites and carrier separation efficiency have been significantly improved by non-metallic modification and modulation of the geometry of carbon nitride.It has been demonstrated that oxygen doping enhances the energy band structure of benzene-substituted Odoped g-CN nanotubes(BOCN).Oxygen,in conjunction with the benzene ring,creates redox energy level positions that are spatially separated.One-dimensional tubular structures synthesised by supramolecular self-assembly have a thin-walled structure capable of exposing more active sites.Additionally,the adsorption equilibrium of H+on the catalyst is further enhanced.The in-depth analysis of each component through experiments and theoretical calculations contributes to a reasonable photocatalytic mechanism for decomposing aquatic hydrogen.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41872140, 41821002, 41911530189)the National Major Science and Technology Special Grant (Grant No. 2016ZX05006-007)+2 种基金the Special Fund for Taishan Scholar Project (Grant No. tsqn201909061)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 20CX06067A)the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) (Grant No. 2021QNLM020001)。
文摘Clastic rock reservoirs in petroliferous basins are generally rich in feldspars. Feldspar dissolution has developed widely in clastic reservoirs, and the resulting secondary pores are crucial in deeply buried reservoirs. Based on a study of the diagenesis of clastic reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin, Tarim Basin, and Pearl River Mouth Basin and physical and numerical simulation experiments of fluid-rock interactions, this paper proposed a successive formation model of secondary pores via feldspar dissolution in deeply buried clastic reservoirs, considering the global research progresses in feldspar dissolution in clastic rocks. Feldspar dissolution can occur from shallow open systems to deep-ultra deep closed systems in petroliferous basins, resulting in the successive formation of secondary pores at different diagenetic stages. The successive mechanism includes three aspects. The first aspect is the succession of corrosive fluids that dissolve minerals. Meteoric freshwater dominates at the Earth’s surface and the early diagenetic A stage. Subsequently, organic acids and COformed via kerogen maturation dominate at the early diagenetic B stage to the middle diagenetic stage. COand organic acids formed via hydrocarbon oxidation in hydrocarbon reservoirs dominate at the middle diagenetic B stage to the late diagenetic stage. The second aspect is the successive formation processes of secondary pores via feldspar dissolution. Large-scale feldspar secondary pores identified in deep reservoirs include secondary pores formed at shallow-medium depths that are subsequently preserved into deep layers, as well as secondary pores formed at deep depths. Existing secondary pores in deeply buried reservoirs are the superposition of successively feldspar dissolution caused by different acids at different stages. The third aspect is a successive change in the feldspar alteration pathways and porosity enhancement/preservation effect. Open to semi-open diagenetic systems are developed from the Earth’s surface to the early diagenetic stage, and feldspar dissolution forms enhanced secondary pores. Nearly closed to closed diagenetic systems develop in the middle to late diagenetic stages, and feldspar dissolution forms redistributional secondary pores. The associated cementation causes compression resistance of the rock, which is favorable for the preservation of secondary pores in deep layers. These new insights extend the formation window of secondary pores in petroliferous basins from the traditional acid-oil generation window to a high-temperature gas generation window after hydrocarbon charging. The proposed model explains the genesis of deep-ultra deep high-quality reservoirs with low-permeability, medium-porosity and dominating feldspar secondary pores, which is significant for hydrocarbon exploration in deep to ultra-deep layers.
