Cascading thermal runaway(TR)propagation poses a critical safety concern for large-format sodium-ion battery(SIB)systems because of the heightened risks of fires or explosions.However,effectively suppressing TR propag...Cascading thermal runaway(TR)propagation poses a critical safety concern for large-format sodium-ion battery(SIB)systems because of the heightened risks of fires or explosions.However,effectively suppressing TR propagation without introducing unintended side effects remains a significant challenge.Herein,we demonstrate a localized energy release method to mitigate TR,by reducing the state of charge(SOC)of cells adjacent to the thermally runaway unit.We discover that as the SOCs decreased from 100%to 25%,the TR trigger temperature decreased significantly,and the maximum temperature decrease from 367 to 229℃.Meanwhile,the volume of gas decreased to one-third of its original value,while the range of explosion limits significantly narrowed.The analysis of the morphology of the debris further confirms that the structural damage is greater at higher SOC levels.Moreover,an Entropy Weight and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(EW-TOPSIS)method has been established to assess the safety status of SIBs,showing that the TR possibility is nearly linear with the SOCs,and the TR hazard is exponentially related to the SOCs.Finally,when the SOC of cells adjacent to the TR cell is reduced to 25%,TR can be directly blocked without the need for additional cooling or thermal insulation methods.This study not only advances the understanding of TR behavior in SIBs but also offers a straightforward approach to mitigating the TR risk in SIB systems.展开更多
The juvenile-to-adult transition in plants involves changes in vegetative growth and plant architecture;the timing of this transition has important implications for agriculture.The microRNA miR156 regulates this trans...The juvenile-to-adult transition in plants involves changes in vegetative growth and plant architecture;the timing of this transition has important implications for agriculture.The microRNA miR156 regulates this transition and shoot maturation in plants.In Arabidopsis thaliana,deposition of histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 27(H3K27me3,a repressive mark)at the MIR156A/C loci is regulated by Polycomb Repressive Complex 1(PRC1)or PRC2,depending on the developmental stage.The levels of miR156 progressively decline during shoot maturation.The amount of H3K27me3 at MIR156A/C loci affects miR156 levels;however,whether this epigenetic regulation is conserved remains unclear.Here,we found that in rice(Oryza sativa),the putative PRC1 subunit LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1(OsLHP1),with the miR156–SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE(SPL)module,affects developmental phase transitions.Loss of OsLHP1 function results in ectopic expression of MIR156B/C/I/E,phenocopy of miR156 overexpression,and reduced H3k27me3 levels at MIR156B/C/I/E.This indicates that OsLHP1 has functionally diverged from Arabidopsis LHP1.Genetic and transcriptome analyses of wild-type,miR156b/c-overexpression,and Oslhp1-2 mutant plants suggest that OsLHP1 acts upstream of miR156 and SPL during the juvenile-to-adult transition.Therefore,modifying the OsLHP1–miR156–SPL pathway may enable alteration of the vegetative period and plant architecture.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2407900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302512)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing Tsinghua University(KFZD202305)Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Program Grant(2024C0127(SD2))。
文摘Cascading thermal runaway(TR)propagation poses a critical safety concern for large-format sodium-ion battery(SIB)systems because of the heightened risks of fires or explosions.However,effectively suppressing TR propagation without introducing unintended side effects remains a significant challenge.Herein,we demonstrate a localized energy release method to mitigate TR,by reducing the state of charge(SOC)of cells adjacent to the thermally runaway unit.We discover that as the SOCs decreased from 100%to 25%,the TR trigger temperature decreased significantly,and the maximum temperature decrease from 367 to 229℃.Meanwhile,the volume of gas decreased to one-third of its original value,while the range of explosion limits significantly narrowed.The analysis of the morphology of the debris further confirms that the structural damage is greater at higher SOC levels.Moreover,an Entropy Weight and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(EW-TOPSIS)method has been established to assess the safety status of SIBs,showing that the TR possibility is nearly linear with the SOCs,and the TR hazard is exponentially related to the SOCs.Finally,when the SOC of cells adjacent to the TR cell is reduced to 25%,TR can be directly blocked without the need for additional cooling or thermal insulation methods.This study not only advances the understanding of TR behavior in SIBs but also offers a straightforward approach to mitigating the TR risk in SIB systems.
基金This researchwas financially supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(91735304,31771887).
文摘The juvenile-to-adult transition in plants involves changes in vegetative growth and plant architecture;the timing of this transition has important implications for agriculture.The microRNA miR156 regulates this transition and shoot maturation in plants.In Arabidopsis thaliana,deposition of histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 27(H3K27me3,a repressive mark)at the MIR156A/C loci is regulated by Polycomb Repressive Complex 1(PRC1)or PRC2,depending on the developmental stage.The levels of miR156 progressively decline during shoot maturation.The amount of H3K27me3 at MIR156A/C loci affects miR156 levels;however,whether this epigenetic regulation is conserved remains unclear.Here,we found that in rice(Oryza sativa),the putative PRC1 subunit LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1(OsLHP1),with the miR156–SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE(SPL)module,affects developmental phase transitions.Loss of OsLHP1 function results in ectopic expression of MIR156B/C/I/E,phenocopy of miR156 overexpression,and reduced H3k27me3 levels at MIR156B/C/I/E.This indicates that OsLHP1 has functionally diverged from Arabidopsis LHP1.Genetic and transcriptome analyses of wild-type,miR156b/c-overexpression,and Oslhp1-2 mutant plants suggest that OsLHP1 acts upstream of miR156 and SPL during the juvenile-to-adult transition.Therefore,modifying the OsLHP1–miR156–SPL pathway may enable alteration of the vegetative period and plant architecture.
