Electrochemical technologies for the on-site treatment of spent acid etchant have received great attention due their ease of operation and economic benefits. On the other hand, a large amount of Cl2 is generated durin...Electrochemical technologies for the on-site treatment of spent acid etchant have received great attention due their ease of operation and economic benefits. On the other hand, a large amount of Cl2 is generated during the electrolysis process, which leads to potential environmental risks. In the present work, a novel threecompartment ceramic membrane flow reactor, including a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a gas absorption chamber was developed. The three chambers were divided by an Al2O3 ceramic membrane and a breathable hydrophobic anode diffusion electrode(ADE). The Cl2 evolution onset potential of the ADE was increased to 1.19 V from 1.05 V of the graphite felt, effectively inhibiting the chlorine evolution reaction(CER).The anode-generated Cl2 diffused into the gas absorption chamber through the ADE and was eventually consumed by the H2O2 adsorbent. Cu could be recovered without emitting chlorine due to the special structure of reactor. The current efficiency of copper precipitation and cathode reduction from Cu2+to Cu+reached 97.7%at a working current of 150 m A. These results indicated that the novel membrane reactor had high potential for application in the copper recovery industry.展开更多
Neural tube development comprises neural induction, neural epithelial cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as migration of nerve cells. Too much or too little apoptosis leads to abnormal nervous system developme...Neural tube development comprises neural induction, neural epithelial cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as migration of nerve cells. Too much or too little apoptosis leads to abnormal nervous system development. The present study analyzed expression and distribution of apoptotic-related factors, including Fas, FasL, and caspase-3, during human embryonic neural tube development. Experimental results showed that increased caspase-3 expression promoted neural apoptosis via a mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway at 4 weeks during early human embryonic neural tube development. Subsequently, Fas and FasL expression increased during embryonic development. The results suggest that neural cells influence neural apoptosis through synergistic effects of extrinsic pathways. Therefore, neural apoptosis during the early period of neural tube development in the human embryo might be regulated by the death receptor induced apoptotic extrinsic pathways.展开更多
Dear Editor,Class I PI3Ks play a central role in cancer progression via its downstream signaling nodes(GSK3,FOXO,mTORC1,etc.).1 Under physiological conditions,the catalytic p110 subunit is stabilized and inhibited by ...Dear Editor,Class I PI3Ks play a central role in cancer progression via its downstream signaling nodes(GSK3,FOXO,mTORC1,etc.).1 Under physiological conditions,the catalytic p110 subunit is stabilized and inhibited by the regulatory p85 subunit in the cytoplasm.1,2 In cancer cells,PI3K activity is aberrantly regulated mostly through excessive upstream growth signals,disinhibition of p110 by genetic alteration of PI3K genes,and deficiency of the phosphatase PTEN.1 Protein interactions between PI3K and overexpressed oncoproteins such as Ras also account for the activation of PI3K in cancer cells.1 Abnormally activated PI3K/AKT pathway is a popular drug target for cancer therapy;therefore,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of PI3K activity need the elaborate exploration.展开更多
In the green energy and carbon-neutral technology,electrochemical energy storage devices have received continuously increasing attention recently.However,due to the unavoidable volume expansion/shrinkage of key materi...In the green energy and carbon-neutral technology,electrochemical energy storage devices have received continuously increasing attention recently.However,due to the unavoidable volume expansion/shrinkage of key materials or irreversible mechanical damages during application,the stability of energy storage and delivery as well as the lifetime of these devices are severely shortened,leading to serious performance degradation or even safety issues.Therefore,the utilization of self-healable gels into electrochemical energy storage devices,such as electrodes,binders,and electrolytes,is proven as an effective method to realize long-term stable operation of these devices via the self-repairing of mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.Herein,this review first summarizes the feature and fabrication of different gels,paying special attention to hydrogels,organohydrogels,and ionogels.Then,basic concepts and figure of merit of self-healable gels are analyzed with a detailed discussion at the healing mechanisms,from reversible dynamic bonds to physical molecular diffusion,and to external healing trigger.Then we introduce all the important parts of electrochemical energy storage devices,which could be replaced by healable gels to enhance the durability,including electrodes,binders,and electrolytes.Finally,the critical challenges and future perspectives regarding the future development of healable gels based high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices or electronics are provided.展开更多
Solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs)have attracted considerable attention as one of the most promising energy storage systems owing to their high safety and energy density.Solid electrolytes,particularly polyme...Solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs)have attracted considerable attention as one of the most promising energy storage systems owing to their high safety and energy density.Solid electrolytes,particularly polymer-based composite solid electrolytes(CSEs),are considered promising electrolyte candidates for SSLMBs.However,theirwide application is inhibited by various electrochemical issues,such as low ionic conductivity,the growth of lithium dendrites,and poor cycling stability,which are related to interface issues within SSLMBs.In this review,the parameters related to various interfaces in the CSE of SSLMBs,including the interfaces between the polymer matrix and inorganic fillers,between the CSEs and the cathode,and between the CSEs and the lithium metal anode,are examined.Relevant issues and corresponding remediation strategies are proposed.Finally,future perspectives based on interfacial engineering and the characterization of polymer/inorganic filler interactions are proposed for building high-performance CSEs for use in SSLMBs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21838005,21676139)the Higher Education Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(15KJA530001)+1 种基金the Key Scientific Research and Development Projects of Jiangsu Province(BE201800901)Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of MaterialsOriented Chemical Engineering(ZK201604).
文摘Electrochemical technologies for the on-site treatment of spent acid etchant have received great attention due their ease of operation and economic benefits. On the other hand, a large amount of Cl2 is generated during the electrolysis process, which leads to potential environmental risks. In the present work, a novel threecompartment ceramic membrane flow reactor, including a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a gas absorption chamber was developed. The three chambers were divided by an Al2O3 ceramic membrane and a breathable hydrophobic anode diffusion electrode(ADE). The Cl2 evolution onset potential of the ADE was increased to 1.19 V from 1.05 V of the graphite felt, effectively inhibiting the chlorine evolution reaction(CER).The anode-generated Cl2 diffused into the gas absorption chamber through the ADE and was eventually consumed by the H2O2 adsorbent. Cu could be recovered without emitting chlorine due to the special structure of reactor. The current efficiency of copper precipitation and cathode reduction from Cu2+to Cu+reached 97.7%at a working current of 150 m A. These results indicated that the novel membrane reactor had high potential for application in the copper recovery industry.
文摘Neural tube development comprises neural induction, neural epithelial cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as migration of nerve cells. Too much or too little apoptosis leads to abnormal nervous system development. The present study analyzed expression and distribution of apoptotic-related factors, including Fas, FasL, and caspase-3, during human embryonic neural tube development. Experimental results showed that increased caspase-3 expression promoted neural apoptosis via a mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway at 4 weeks during early human embryonic neural tube development. Subsequently, Fas and FasL expression increased during embryonic development. The results suggest that neural cells influence neural apoptosis through synergistic effects of extrinsic pathways. Therefore, neural apoptosis during the early period of neural tube development in the human embryo might be regulated by the death receptor induced apoptotic extrinsic pathways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81872354,81790254 and 81572827)to W.H.
文摘Dear Editor,Class I PI3Ks play a central role in cancer progression via its downstream signaling nodes(GSK3,FOXO,mTORC1,etc.).1 Under physiological conditions,the catalytic p110 subunit is stabilized and inhibited by the regulatory p85 subunit in the cytoplasm.1,2 In cancer cells,PI3K activity is aberrantly regulated mostly through excessive upstream growth signals,disinhibition of p110 by genetic alteration of PI3K genes,and deficiency of the phosphatase PTEN.1 Protein interactions between PI3K and overexpressed oncoproteins such as Ras also account for the activation of PI3K in cancer cells.1 Abnormally activated PI3K/AKT pathway is a popular drug target for cancer therapy;therefore,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of PI3K activity need the elaborate exploration.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY221111)Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.22KJB430038)awarded to Y.L.Z.W.L.+1 种基金thanks the support from the National Natural Science Foundation Program of China(No.52204370)Open project of Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology(No.20211204-7).
文摘In the green energy and carbon-neutral technology,electrochemical energy storage devices have received continuously increasing attention recently.However,due to the unavoidable volume expansion/shrinkage of key materials or irreversible mechanical damages during application,the stability of energy storage and delivery as well as the lifetime of these devices are severely shortened,leading to serious performance degradation or even safety issues.Therefore,the utilization of self-healable gels into electrochemical energy storage devices,such as electrodes,binders,and electrolytes,is proven as an effective method to realize long-term stable operation of these devices via the self-repairing of mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.Herein,this review first summarizes the feature and fabrication of different gels,paying special attention to hydrogels,organohydrogels,and ionogels.Then,basic concepts and figure of merit of self-healable gels are analyzed with a detailed discussion at the healing mechanisms,from reversible dynamic bonds to physical molecular diffusion,and to external healing trigger.Then we introduce all the important parts of electrochemical energy storage devices,which could be replaced by healable gels to enhance the durability,including electrodes,binders,and electrolytes.Finally,the critical challenges and future perspectives regarding the future development of healable gels based high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices or electronics are provided.
基金The Youth Beijing Scholars program,Grant/Award Number:PXM2021_014204_000023Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:KZ201910005002,KZ202010005007,2222001+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21875007,21975006,U19A2018,22075007,52002007,22002004General Program of Science and Technology Development Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,Grant/Award Number:KM202110005009China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021M700297。
文摘Solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs)have attracted considerable attention as one of the most promising energy storage systems owing to their high safety and energy density.Solid electrolytes,particularly polymer-based composite solid electrolytes(CSEs),are considered promising electrolyte candidates for SSLMBs.However,theirwide application is inhibited by various electrochemical issues,such as low ionic conductivity,the growth of lithium dendrites,and poor cycling stability,which are related to interface issues within SSLMBs.In this review,the parameters related to various interfaces in the CSE of SSLMBs,including the interfaces between the polymer matrix and inorganic fillers,between the CSEs and the cathode,and between the CSEs and the lithium metal anode,are examined.Relevant issues and corresponding remediation strategies are proposed.Finally,future perspectives based on interfacial engineering and the characterization of polymer/inorganic filler interactions are proposed for building high-performance CSEs for use in SSLMBs.
