Metal(loid)pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue in agriculture,garnering extensive public attention.Metal(loid)s are potentially toxic substances that infiltrate the soil through diverse pathways,le...Metal(loid)pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue in agriculture,garnering extensive public attention.Metal(loid)s are potentially toxic substances that infiltrate the soil through diverse pathways,leading to food chain contamination via plant uptake and subsequent animal exposure.This poses a serious threat to environmental quality,food security,and human health.Hence,the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated agricultural soil is an urgent concern demanding immediate attention.Presently,the majority of research papers concentrate on established,isolated remediation technologies,often overlooking comprehensive field management approaches.It is imperative to provide a comprehensive summary of remediation technologies and identify future development directions.This review aims to comprehensively summarize a range of soil remediation and enhancement technologies,incorporating insights from multiple disciplines including physics,chemistry,biology,and their interdisciplinary intersections.The review examines the mechanisms of action,suitable scenarios,advantages,disadvantages,and benefits associated with each remediation technology.Particularly relevant is the examination of metal(loid)sources,as well as the mechanisms behind both established and innovative,efficient remediation and enhancement technologies.Additionally,the future evolution of remediation technologies are considered with the aim of offering a scientific research foundation and inspiration to fellow researchers.This is intended to facilitate the advancement of remediation technologies and establish a robust foundation for sustainable development of soil.展开更多
Pulse and continuous irrigation can affect water distribution in the soil,thereby affecting the growth and distribution of root systems.Different base and topdressing fertilizers can affect nitrogen transport in the s...Pulse and continuous irrigation can affect water distribution in the soil,thereby affecting the growth and distribution of root systems.Different base and topdressing fertilizers can affect nitrogen transport in the soil and root distribution,thus affecting root water and nitrogen uptake.This study used pot experiments to set up four different nitrogen levels,including two different irrigation methods,to research the effects of soil moisture,nitrogen transport,nitrogen accumulation and root systems under the conditions of continuous and pulse irrigation,as well as different nitrogen applications.Result showed that continuous irrigation can increase the moisture content around the drip emitter position and reduce the soil moisture content in the horizontal spreading compared with pulse irrigation,especially reducing the horizontal spreading in the deep soil layers.One treatment in this study did not apply base fertilizer,and then supply topdressing fertilizer at a ratio of 2:4:4 in the seedling stage,jointing stage and tasseling stage,respectively.This treatment is beneficial for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.Furthermore,this treatment can increase the root length density and root surface area in the deep soil layers,especially in the 20-35 cm soil depth,and to some extent increase the deep growth of the root system.展开更多
Compared with conventional full irrigation,the existing water-saving irrigation method achieves the purpose of water saving by actively controlling soil moisture.High-frequency irrigation can make the ideal conditions...Compared with conventional full irrigation,the existing water-saving irrigation method achieves the purpose of water saving by actively controlling soil moisture.High-frequency irrigation can make the ideal conditions for soil water movement and root absorption of water and nutrients.This research used a plot experiment in a greenhouse and set up different fertilization amounts and frequencies during the growth stage to study the effects of small-amount and continuous subsurface drip irrigation on the dry matter,yield,and quality of tomato and celery.The results showed that the frequency of topdressing had a great influence on the dry matter accumulation of tomatoes,and the amount of topdressing had little effect on the fresh weight of the upper part of a tomato plant.The application of high-frequency fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation in the underground part of the tomato.Under the premise given amount of total fertilization,the growth rate and yield of tomatoes were positively correlated with the amount of topdressing.The optimum fertilization frequency was 1 time during the first fruit stage,3 times for the second fruit stage,and 5 times for the third fruit stage,the yield during the fourth stage was increased with higher frequency,and the topdressing was started ahead of the fourth fruit stage when the diameter of fruit was 40 mm.The lower fertilization frequency during the early stage and higher fertilization frequency during the later stage can increase the yield of celery.The higher ratio of topdressing,the higher frequency during the early growth stage,and the lower frequency during the later stage can achieve the best quality of celery.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1900601-07 and 2019YFC0408703)Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps South Xinjiang Key Industry Innovation and Development Support Plan Project(2021DB017)Science and Technology Plan Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(202202AE090034-07).
文摘Metal(loid)pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue in agriculture,garnering extensive public attention.Metal(loid)s are potentially toxic substances that infiltrate the soil through diverse pathways,leading to food chain contamination via plant uptake and subsequent animal exposure.This poses a serious threat to environmental quality,food security,and human health.Hence,the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated agricultural soil is an urgent concern demanding immediate attention.Presently,the majority of research papers concentrate on established,isolated remediation technologies,often overlooking comprehensive field management approaches.It is imperative to provide a comprehensive summary of remediation technologies and identify future development directions.This review aims to comprehensively summarize a range of soil remediation and enhancement technologies,incorporating insights from multiple disciplines including physics,chemistry,biology,and their interdisciplinary intersections.The review examines the mechanisms of action,suitable scenarios,advantages,disadvantages,and benefits associated with each remediation technology.Particularly relevant is the examination of metal(loid)sources,as well as the mechanisms behind both established and innovative,efficient remediation and enhancement technologies.Additionally,the future evolution of remediation technologies are considered with the aim of offering a scientific research foundation and inspiration to fellow researchers.This is intended to facilitate the advancement of remediation technologies and establish a robust foundation for sustainable development of soil.
基金This research was funded by the Science and Technology Support Project(2014BAD12B06).
文摘Pulse and continuous irrigation can affect water distribution in the soil,thereby affecting the growth and distribution of root systems.Different base and topdressing fertilizers can affect nitrogen transport in the soil and root distribution,thus affecting root water and nitrogen uptake.This study used pot experiments to set up four different nitrogen levels,including two different irrigation methods,to research the effects of soil moisture,nitrogen transport,nitrogen accumulation and root systems under the conditions of continuous and pulse irrigation,as well as different nitrogen applications.Result showed that continuous irrigation can increase the moisture content around the drip emitter position and reduce the soil moisture content in the horizontal spreading compared with pulse irrigation,especially reducing the horizontal spreading in the deep soil layers.One treatment in this study did not apply base fertilizer,and then supply topdressing fertilizer at a ratio of 2:4:4 in the seedling stage,jointing stage and tasseling stage,respectively.This treatment is beneficial for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.Furthermore,this treatment can increase the root length density and root surface area in the deep soil layers,especially in the 20-35 cm soil depth,and to some extent increase the deep growth of the root system.
基金This work was funded by the National Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant No.2014BAD12B06)the National Natural Science Fund(Grant No.51621061).
文摘Compared with conventional full irrigation,the existing water-saving irrigation method achieves the purpose of water saving by actively controlling soil moisture.High-frequency irrigation can make the ideal conditions for soil water movement and root absorption of water and nutrients.This research used a plot experiment in a greenhouse and set up different fertilization amounts and frequencies during the growth stage to study the effects of small-amount and continuous subsurface drip irrigation on the dry matter,yield,and quality of tomato and celery.The results showed that the frequency of topdressing had a great influence on the dry matter accumulation of tomatoes,and the amount of topdressing had little effect on the fresh weight of the upper part of a tomato plant.The application of high-frequency fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation in the underground part of the tomato.Under the premise given amount of total fertilization,the growth rate and yield of tomatoes were positively correlated with the amount of topdressing.The optimum fertilization frequency was 1 time during the first fruit stage,3 times for the second fruit stage,and 5 times for the third fruit stage,the yield during the fourth stage was increased with higher frequency,and the topdressing was started ahead of the fourth fruit stage when the diameter of fruit was 40 mm.The lower fertilization frequency during the early stage and higher fertilization frequency during the later stage can increase the yield of celery.The higher ratio of topdressing,the higher frequency during the early growth stage,and the lower frequency during the later stage can achieve the best quality of celery.
