Fresh beef is highly susceptible to spoilage during refrigerated storage,yet current freshness assessment ap-proaches remain limited by their invasiveness or low sensitivity.Beef exudate,a naturally released fluid enr...Fresh beef is highly susceptible to spoilage during refrigerated storage,yet current freshness assessment ap-proaches remain limited by their invasiveness or low sensitivity.Beef exudate,a naturally released fluid enriched with soluble metabolites,represents a promising yet underutilized matrix for non-invasive freshness assessment.This study applied non-targeted metabolomics to characterize spoilage-related metabolites in beef exudate and to clarify their association with freshness.Beef shank muscles were stored at 7±1℃,after which exudates were collected for physicochemical analyses and non-targeted metabolomic profiling using UHPLC-MS/MS.Comparative analyses revealed that metabolic variations in exudate closely mirrored physicochemical deterio-ration trends observed in the corresponding beef tissue.Among 1703 detected metabolites,62 changed signif-icantly during storage.Pathway enrichment identified the pivotal involvement of arginine metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis in spoilage progression.Correlation analysis further highlighted five key com-pounds-5′-methylthioadenosine,7-methylxanthine,N-methyltryptamine,L-phenylalanine,and spermine-as candidate freshness markers.Overall,this study demonstrates that exudate-based metabolomics offers an effective and non-invasive strategy for monitoring beef freshness,providing new insights for intelligent quality evaluation and spoilage prediction in the meat industry.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100602).
文摘Fresh beef is highly susceptible to spoilage during refrigerated storage,yet current freshness assessment ap-proaches remain limited by their invasiveness or low sensitivity.Beef exudate,a naturally released fluid enriched with soluble metabolites,represents a promising yet underutilized matrix for non-invasive freshness assessment.This study applied non-targeted metabolomics to characterize spoilage-related metabolites in beef exudate and to clarify their association with freshness.Beef shank muscles were stored at 7±1℃,after which exudates were collected for physicochemical analyses and non-targeted metabolomic profiling using UHPLC-MS/MS.Comparative analyses revealed that metabolic variations in exudate closely mirrored physicochemical deterio-ration trends observed in the corresponding beef tissue.Among 1703 detected metabolites,62 changed signif-icantly during storage.Pathway enrichment identified the pivotal involvement of arginine metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis in spoilage progression.Correlation analysis further highlighted five key com-pounds-5′-methylthioadenosine,7-methylxanthine,N-methyltryptamine,L-phenylalanine,and spermine-as candidate freshness markers.Overall,this study demonstrates that exudate-based metabolomics offers an effective and non-invasive strategy for monitoring beef freshness,providing new insights for intelligent quality evaluation and spoilage prediction in the meat industry.
