FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT),a key regulator of photoperiod pathway,plays a pivotal role in modulating flowering time and growth period-related traits in plants.In this study,we identified 10 FT family genes in soybean and ...FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT),a key regulator of photoperiod pathway,plays a pivotal role in modulating flowering time and growth period-related traits in plants.In this study,we identified 10 FT family genes in soybean and examined their functional divergences through sequence alignment analysis.Phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the 92nd residue and the Segment B domain (sites 129,131,134,135) are the critical determinants of potential functional divergence and activity variation among Gm FT.Using the Soy Omics website,we detected natural variations in the genomic and promoter regions of Gm FTs,along with numerous haplotypes.By correlating these haplotypes with flowering time,we identified 7 potential KASP markers associated with soybean growth period:Gm FT1a-60297360,Gm FT1b-60311669,Gm FT2a-31695562,Gm FT2b-31739433,Gm FT3a-4106476,Gm FT5a-4078626,and Gm FT5b-37490962.All KASP markers exhibited high selection efficiency (97.56%–100.00%) and reliable genotyping accuracy when validated across 82 soybean varieties spanning multiple maturity groups (MGs).This study systematically elucidates the functional divergence of Gm FTs and develops efficient KASP markers,providing essential technological support for photoperiodadaptive breeding and germplasm innovation.展开更多
The hemispherical phased transducer maximizes the coverage of the skull and the ultrasonic energy per unit area of the skull is minimized,thereby reducing the risk of skull burns,but the transducer has a small focal a...The hemispherical phased transducer maximizes the coverage of the skull and the ultrasonic energy per unit area of the skull is minimized,thereby reducing the risk of skull burns,but the transducer has a small focal area adjustment range,increasing the focal length of treatment is an urgent question for this type of transducer.In this paper,a three-dimensional high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)transcranial propagation model is established based on the human head structure.The finite difference time domain(FDTD)is combined with the Westervelt acoustic wave nonlinear propagation equation and Penne's biological heat conduction equation for numerical simulation of the sound pressure field and temperature field.Forming a treatable focal area in a small-opening hemispherical transducer with a small amount of numerical simulation calculation focusing at a set position to determine the minimum partial excitation area ratio of focusing.And then,applying these preliminary results to a large-opening diameter hemispherical transducer and the temperature field formed by it or full excitation is studied.The results show that the focus area with the excitation area ratio of less than 22%moves forward to the transducer side when the excitation sound is formed.When the excitation area ratio is greater than or equal to 23%,it focuses at the set position.In the case of partial incentives,using 23%of the partial array,the adjustable range of the treatable focal area formed in the three-dimensional space is larger than that of the full excitation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFD1201300)the Nanfan Special Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YBXM2428)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT),a key regulator of photoperiod pathway,plays a pivotal role in modulating flowering time and growth period-related traits in plants.In this study,we identified 10 FT family genes in soybean and examined their functional divergences through sequence alignment analysis.Phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the 92nd residue and the Segment B domain (sites 129,131,134,135) are the critical determinants of potential functional divergence and activity variation among Gm FT.Using the Soy Omics website,we detected natural variations in the genomic and promoter regions of Gm FTs,along with numerous haplotypes.By correlating these haplotypes with flowering time,we identified 7 potential KASP markers associated with soybean growth period:Gm FT1a-60297360,Gm FT1b-60311669,Gm FT2a-31695562,Gm FT2b-31739433,Gm FT3a-4106476,Gm FT5a-4078626,and Gm FT5b-37490962.All KASP markers exhibited high selection efficiency (97.56%–100.00%) and reliable genotyping accuracy when validated across 82 soybean varieties spanning multiple maturity groups (MGs).This study systematically elucidates the functional divergence of Gm FTs and develops efficient KASP markers,providing essential technological support for photoperiodadaptive breeding and germplasm innovation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81272495)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant No.16JC2DJC32200)。
文摘The hemispherical phased transducer maximizes the coverage of the skull and the ultrasonic energy per unit area of the skull is minimized,thereby reducing the risk of skull burns,but the transducer has a small focal area adjustment range,increasing the focal length of treatment is an urgent question for this type of transducer.In this paper,a three-dimensional high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)transcranial propagation model is established based on the human head structure.The finite difference time domain(FDTD)is combined with the Westervelt acoustic wave nonlinear propagation equation and Penne's biological heat conduction equation for numerical simulation of the sound pressure field and temperature field.Forming a treatable focal area in a small-opening hemispherical transducer with a small amount of numerical simulation calculation focusing at a set position to determine the minimum partial excitation area ratio of focusing.And then,applying these preliminary results to a large-opening diameter hemispherical transducer and the temperature field formed by it or full excitation is studied.The results show that the focus area with the excitation area ratio of less than 22%moves forward to the transducer side when the excitation sound is formed.When the excitation area ratio is greater than or equal to 23%,it focuses at the set position.In the case of partial incentives,using 23%of the partial array,the adjustable range of the treatable focal area formed in the three-dimensional space is larger than that of the full excitation.
