Owing to their intricate molecular frameworks and copious chiral centers,the structural identification and configurational assignment of natural products are challenging tasks.Comprehensive spectral data analysis is c...Owing to their intricate molecular frameworks and copious chiral centers,the structural identification and configurational assignment of natural products are challenging tasks.Comprehensive spectral data analysis is crucial for the confirmation of absolute configurations.Ignoring critical parameters will lead to false structure,which may confuse the total synthesis and drug development.Herein,the configurations of seven heterogeneous Pallavicinia diterpenoids(PDs) isolated from Pallavicinia liverworts are revised using a combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism(ECD) calculations.Meanwhile,identification of five unprecedented PD heterodimers PD-dimers A-E(18-22) along with eleven previously undescribed PDs(5-9,13-17,23) obtained by the reinvestigation of the Chinese liverwort Pallavicinia subciliata have resulted in corrections and support the revised conclusions.展开更多
BACKGROUND We present a case of focal lymphoblastic transformation to erythroid leukemia following acute myeloblastic transformation in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)and discuss its mechanism of occu...BACKGROUND We present a case of focal lymphoblastic transformation to erythroid leukemia following acute myeloblastic transformation in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)and discuss its mechanism of occurrence and development.CASE SUMMARY The presence of the Philadelphia(Ph)chromosome was identified through karyotype analysis,while the BCR-ABL fusion gene was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of the peripheral blood sample.Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of the BCRABL gene in the lymphoma.Antigen expression and gene mutations in the primitive cells were detected by flow cytometry.The analysis confirmed the presence of CML along with focal lymphoblastic transformation to erythroid leukemia.Additionally,the patient was found to have secondary erythroid leukemia,along with multiple new gene mutations and abnormalities in complex karyotypes of chromosomes.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a possible molecular basis for the focal lymphoblastic transformation secondary to myeloblastic transformation in patients with CML.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.82293682,82293684,and 82173703)。
文摘Owing to their intricate molecular frameworks and copious chiral centers,the structural identification and configurational assignment of natural products are challenging tasks.Comprehensive spectral data analysis is crucial for the confirmation of absolute configurations.Ignoring critical parameters will lead to false structure,which may confuse the total synthesis and drug development.Herein,the configurations of seven heterogeneous Pallavicinia diterpenoids(PDs) isolated from Pallavicinia liverworts are revised using a combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism(ECD) calculations.Meanwhile,identification of five unprecedented PD heterodimers PD-dimers A-E(18-22) along with eleven previously undescribed PDs(5-9,13-17,23) obtained by the reinvestigation of the Chinese liverwort Pallavicinia subciliata have resulted in corrections and support the revised conclusions.
文摘随着摩尔定律的发展迟缓,微电子器件的高密度化、微型化对先进封装技术提出了更高的要求。中介层技术作为2.5D/3D封装中的关键技术,受到了广泛研究。按照中介层材料不同,主要分为有机中介层、硅中介层以及玻璃中介层。与硅通孔(through silicon via,TSV)互连相比,玻璃通孔(through glass via,TGV)中介层(interposer)因其具有优良的高频电学特性、工艺简单、成本低以及可调的热膨胀系数(coefficient of thermal expansion,CTE)等优点,在2.5D/3D先进封装领域受到广泛关注。然而玻璃的导热系数(约1 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1))与硅(约150 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1))相比要低很多,因此玻璃中介层存在着严重的散热问题。为得到高质量的TGV中介层,不仅需要高效低成本的通孔制备工艺,还需要无缺陷的填充工艺,目前玻璃中介层面临的挑战也主要集中在这两方面。本文首先介绍了TGV的制备工艺,如超声波钻孔(ultra-sonic drilling,USD)、超声波高速钻孔(ultra-sonic high speed drilling,USHD)、湿法刻蚀、深反应离子刻蚀(deep reactive ion etching,DRIE)、光敏玻璃、激光刻蚀、激光诱导深度刻蚀(laser induced deep etching,LIDE)等。接着围绕TGV的无缺陷填充进行总结,概述了TGV的几种填充机理以及一些填充工艺,如bottom-up填充、蝶形填充以及conformal填充。然后对TGV电镀添加剂的研究进展进行了介绍,包括典型添加剂的作用机理以及一些新型添加剂的研究现状,最后并对TGV实际应用情况进行了简要综述。
基金Supported by Nanjing Military Region Innovation Project,No.15MS108and the Youth Nursery Fund,No.18Y024.
文摘BACKGROUND We present a case of focal lymphoblastic transformation to erythroid leukemia following acute myeloblastic transformation in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)and discuss its mechanism of occurrence and development.CASE SUMMARY The presence of the Philadelphia(Ph)chromosome was identified through karyotype analysis,while the BCR-ABL fusion gene was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of the peripheral blood sample.Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of the BCRABL gene in the lymphoma.Antigen expression and gene mutations in the primitive cells were detected by flow cytometry.The analysis confirmed the presence of CML along with focal lymphoblastic transformation to erythroid leukemia.Additionally,the patient was found to have secondary erythroid leukemia,along with multiple new gene mutations and abnormalities in complex karyotypes of chromosomes.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a possible molecular basis for the focal lymphoblastic transformation secondary to myeloblastic transformation in patients with CML.
