The genus Diaporthe(Phomopsis)includes important plant pathogenic fungi with wide host ranges and geographic distributions.In the present study,phylogenetic species recognition in Diaporthe is re-evaluated using a mul...The genus Diaporthe(Phomopsis)includes important plant pathogenic fungi with wide host ranges and geographic distributions.In the present study,phylogenetic species recognition in Diaporthe is re-evaluated using a multi-locus phylogeny based on a combined data matrix of rDNA ITS,and partial sequences from the translation elongation factor 1-α(EF 1-α),βtubulin(TUB)and calmodulin(CAL)molecular markers.DNA sequences of available extype cultures have been included,providing a multi-locus backbone tree for future studies on Diaporthe.Four utilizable loci were analyzed individually and in combination,and ITS,EF 1-αand multi-locus phylogenetic trees are presented.The phylogenetic tree inferred by combined analysis of four loci provided the best resolution for species as compared to single gene analysis.Notes are provided for nine species previously known in Phomopsis that are transferred to Diaporthe in the present study.The unraveling of cryptic species complexes of Diaporthe based on Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition(GCPSR)is emphasized.展开更多
Pestalotiopsis is a taxonomically confused,pathogenic and chemically creative genus requiring a critical reexamination using a multi-gene phylogeny based on ex-type and ex-epitype cultures.In this study 40 isolates of...Pestalotiopsis is a taxonomically confused,pathogenic and chemically creative genus requiring a critical reexamination using a multi-gene phylogeny based on ex-type and ex-epitype cultures.In this study 40 isolates of Pestalotiopsis,comprised of 28 strains collected from living and dead plant material of various host plants from China were studied by means of morphology and analysis of ITS,β–tubulin and tef1 gene sequence data.Based on molecular and morphological data we describe 14 new species(Pestalotiopsis asiatica,P.chinensis,P.chrysea,P.clavata,P.diversiseta,P.ellipsospora,P.inflexa,P.intermedia,P.linearis,P.rosea,P.saprophyta,P.umberspora,P.unicolor and P.verruculosa)and three species are epitypified(P.adusta,P.clavispora and P.foedans).Of the 10 gene regions(ACT,β-tubulin,CAL,GPDH,GS,ITS,LSU,RPB 1,SSU and tef1)utilized to resolve cryptic Pestalotiopsis species,ITS,β–tubulin and tef1 proved to be the better markers.The other gene regions were less useful due to poor success in PCR amplification and/or in their ability to resolve species boundaries.As a single gene tef1 met the requirements for an ideal candidate and functions well for species delimitation due to its better species resolution and PCR success.Althoughβ-tubulin showed fairly good differences among species,a combination of ITS,β-tubulin and tef1 gene data gave the best resolution as compared to single gene analysis.This work provides a backbone tree for 22 ex-type/epitypified species of Pestalotiopsis and can be used in future studies of the genus.展开更多
Three genera,Cochliobolus,Bipolaris and Curvularia form a complex that contains many plant pathogens,mostly on grasses(Poaceae)with a worldwide distribution.The taxonomy of this complex is confusing as frequent nomenc...Three genera,Cochliobolus,Bipolaris and Curvularia form a complex that contains many plant pathogens,mostly on grasses(Poaceae)with a worldwide distribution.The taxonomy of this complex is confusing as frequent nomenclatural changes and refinements have occurred.There is no clear morphological boundary between the asexual genera Bipolaris and Curvularia,and some species show intermediate morphology.We investigated this complex based on a set of ex-type cultures and collections from northern Thailand.Combined gene analysis of rDNA ITS(internal transcribed spacer),GPDH(glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase),LSU(large subunit)and EF1-α(translation elongation factor 1-α)shows that this generic complex divides into two groups.Bipolaris and Cochliobolus species clustered in Group 1 along with their type species,whereas Curvularia species(including species named as Bipolaris,Cochliobolus and Curvularia)clustered in Group 2,with its generic type.The nomenclatural conflict in this complex is resolved giving priority to the more commonly used established generic names Bipolaris and Curvularia.Modern descriptions of the genera Bipolaris and Curvularia are provided and species resolved in this study are transferred to one of these genera based on their phylogeny.展开更多
Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states com...Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens.They are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous fungi.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world.We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper.Each family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also characterized.Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and Strigulales.The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light.It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.展开更多
Anthracnose disease of Proteaceae has in the past chiefly been attributed to infections by C.acutatum,C.boninense and C.gloeosporioides.In the present study,a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis(ACT,CAL,CHS-1,GAPDH,GS,I...Anthracnose disease of Proteaceae has in the past chiefly been attributed to infections by C.acutatum,C.boninense and C.gloeosporioides.In the present study,a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis(ACT,CAL,CHS-1,GAPDH,GS,ITS,TUB2)revealed that strains of the C.gloeosporioides complex associated with Proteaceae belong to at least six species.These include C.alienum,C.aotearoa,C.kahawae(subsp.ciggaro),C.siamense,and two new taxa,C.proteae and C.grevilleae.The most economically important pathogen of Proteaceae seems to be C.alienum,and not C.gloeosporioides as previously reported.All taxa associated with Proteaceae are morphologically described on different media in culture,except strains of C.siamense,which proved to be sterile.Furthermore,C.populi is synonymised with C.aenigma.展开更多
One hundred and five generic types of Pleosporales are described and illustrated.A brief introduction and detailed history with short notes on morphology,molecular phylogeny as well as a general conclusion of each gen...One hundred and five generic types of Pleosporales are described and illustrated.A brief introduction and detailed history with short notes on morphology,molecular phylogeny as well as a general conclusion of each genus are provided.For those genera where the type or a representative specimen is unavailable,a brief note is given.Altogether 174 genera of Pleosporales are treated.Phaeotrichaceae as well as Kriegeriella,Zeuctomorpha and Muroia are excluded from Pleosporales.Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis,the suborder Massarineae is emended to accommodate five families,viz.Lentitheciaceae,Massarinaceae,Montagnulaceae,Morosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae.展开更多
Colletotrichum orbiculare causes anthracnose of Cucurbitaceae and is phylogenetically closely related to pathogens of several other herbaceous hosts belonging to the Asteraceae,Fabaceae and Malvaceae.Most of them are ...Colletotrichum orbiculare causes anthracnose of Cucurbitaceae and is phylogenetically closely related to pathogens of several other herbaceous hosts belonging to the Asteraceae,Fabaceae and Malvaceae.Most of them are known for their hemibiotrophic infection strategy and as destructive pathogens either of field crops or weeds.In order to study the phylogenetic relationships of these fungi,a multilocus analysis(ITS,GAPDH,CHS-1,HIS3,ACT,TUB2,GS)of 42 strains of C.orbiculare and related species was conducted.The analysis resulted in nine clades that confirmed the four species previously known as belonging to this species complex,C.lindemuthianum,C.malvarum,C.orbiculare and C.trifolii,and recognised four new species from weeds,namely C.bidentis,C.sidae,C.spinosum and C.tebeestii.The name C.orbiculare itself is widely used in plant pathology and science,but is invalid according to current nomenclatural rules.Therefore we described a new species with the same epithet and a type specimen that agrees with our current understanding of this species,and is linked to a living culture.Following the recent epitypification of C.lindemuthianum,we chose appropriate specimens with associated strains to serve as epitypes of C.malvarum and C.trifolii,and selected an authentic specimen of C.trifolii as lectotype.展开更多
Phyllosticta capitalensis is an endophyte and weak plant pathogen with a worldwide distribution presently known from 70 plant families.This study isolated P.capitalensis from different host plants in northern Thailand...Phyllosticta capitalensis is an endophyte and weak plant pathogen with a worldwide distribution presently known from 70 plant families.This study isolated P.capitalensis from different host plants in northern Thailand,and determined their different life modes.Thirty strains of P.capitalensis were isolated as endophytes from 20 hosts.An additional 30 strains of P.capitalensis from other hosts and geographic locations were also obtained from established culture collections.Phylogenetic analysis using ITS,ACTand TEF gene data confirmed the identity of all isolates.Pathogenicity tests with five strains of P.capitalensis originating from different hosts were completed on their respective host plants.In all cases there was no infection of healthy leaves,indicating that this endophyte does not cause disease on healthy,unstressed host plants.That P.capitalensis is often isolated as an endophyte has important implications in fungal biology and plant health.Due to its endophytic nature,P.capitalensisis commonly found associated with lesions of plants,and often incorrectly identified as a species of quarantine importance,which again has implications for trade in agricultural and forestry production.展开更多
Article 59.1,of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi,and Plants(ICN;Melbourne Code),which addresses the nomenclature of pleomorphic fungi,became effective from 30 July 2011.Since that date,each funga...Article 59.1,of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi,and Plants(ICN;Melbourne Code),which addresses the nomenclature of pleomorphic fungi,became effective from 30 July 2011.Since that date,each fungal species can have one nomenclaturally correct name in a particular classification.All other previously used names for this species will be considered as synonyms.The older generic epithet takes priority over the younger name.Any widely used younger names proposed for use,must comply with Art.57.2 and their usage should be approved by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).In this paper,we list all genera currently accepted by us in Dothideomycetes(belonging to 23 orders and 110 families),including pleomorphic and nonpleomorphic genera.In the case of pleomorphic genera,we follow the rulings of the current ICN and propose single generic names for future usage.The taxonomic placements of 1261 genera are listed as an outline.Protected names and suppressed names for 34 pleomorphic genera are listed separately.Notes and justifications are provided for possible proposed names after the list of genera.Notes are also provided on recent advances in our understanding of asexual and sexual morph linkages in Dothideomycetes.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene analyses supported 23 orders and 75 families,while 35 families still lack molecular data.展开更多
The identity of the casual agent of freckle disease of banana was investigated.The pathogen is generally referred to in literature under its teleomorphic name,Guignardia musae,or that of its purported anamorph,Phyllos...The identity of the casual agent of freckle disease of banana was investigated.The pathogen is generally referred to in literature under its teleomorphic name,Guignardia musae,or that of its purported anamorph,Phyllosticta musarum.Based on morphological and molecular data from a global set of banana specimens,several species were found associated with freckle disease.Phyllosticta maculata(from Southeast Asia and Oceania)is introduced as a new name for Guignardia musae,and an epitype is designated from Australia.Phyllosticta musarum(from India and Thailand)is shown to represent a distinct species,and the name is fixed by designation of an epitype from India.Guignardia stevensii is confirmed as distinct species from Hawaii,while Guignardia musicola from northern Thailand is shown to contain different taxa and is regarded as nomen confusum.Phyllosticta cavendishii is described as a new,widely distributed species,appearing primarily on Cavendish,but also on non-Cavendish banana cultivars.展开更多
Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to accelerate.Several genera ...Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to accelerate.Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic,and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended.New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera.The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011,has also caused changes in fungal generic names.In order to facilitate access to all important changes,it was desirable to compile these in a single document.The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota(approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016),including those which are lichen-forming.Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of‘Ainsworth&Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’in 2008 are provided.The notes include the number of accepted species,classification,type species(with location of the type material),culture availability,life-styles,distribution,and selected publications that have appeared since 2008.This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the"Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi"published in 2013,which will be developed into a list of protected generic names.This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists,and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis,Collophora(as Collophorina),Cryomyces,Dematiopleospora,Heterospora(as Heterosporicola),Lithophila,Palmomyces(as Palmaria)and Saxomyces are validated,as are two previously invalid family names,Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae.Four species of Lalaria,which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations.Catenomycopsis Tibell&Constant.is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain.,while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces.&De Not.(Art.59).展开更多
Members of the family Chaetomiaceae are ubiquitous ascosporulating fungi commonly,which reside in soil enriched with manure or cellulosic materials.Their role as human pathogens is largely ignored.However,the ability ...Members of the family Chaetomiaceae are ubiquitous ascosporulating fungi commonly,which reside in soil enriched with manure or cellulosic materials.Their role as human pathogens is largely ignored.However,the ability of some species to grow at high temperature enables them to play an important role as opportunistic pathogens.The family contains several genera and species that have never been reported to cause human infection.Hereby,three new species are described;two belong to the genus Subramaniula and one represents a Chaetomium species.Subramaniula asteroides was isolated from various sources including eye and skin infections as well as from the natural environment,and S.obscura was isolated from a toe infection.Chaetomium anamorphosum was isolated from a kidney transplant patient suffering from fungal peritonitis.All species described were previously misidentified as Papulaspora spp.due to the formation of cellular clumps or bulbil-like structures,which are characteristic of Papulaspora.The isolates failed to form sexual fruit bodies and ascospores remained absent,which is an unusual feature for the generally ascosporulating genera Chaetomium and Subramaniula;minute conidia from phialides were sometimes observed.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Mycology,Institute of Microbiology by grant NFSC Y2JJ011002Thailand Research fund BRG 52800002.
文摘The genus Diaporthe(Phomopsis)includes important plant pathogenic fungi with wide host ranges and geographic distributions.In the present study,phylogenetic species recognition in Diaporthe is re-evaluated using a multi-locus phylogeny based on a combined data matrix of rDNA ITS,and partial sequences from the translation elongation factor 1-α(EF 1-α),βtubulin(TUB)and calmodulin(CAL)molecular markers.DNA sequences of available extype cultures have been included,providing a multi-locus backbone tree for future studies on Diaporthe.Four utilizable loci were analyzed individually and in combination,and ITS,EF 1-αand multi-locus phylogenetic trees are presented.The phylogenetic tree inferred by combined analysis of four loci provided the best resolution for species as compared to single gene analysis.Notes are provided for nine species previously known in Phomopsis that are transferred to Diaporthe in the present study.The unraveling of cryptic species complexes of Diaporthe based on Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition(GCPSR)is emphasized.
基金We thank Thailand Research Fund(grant:BRG5280002)The National Research Council of Thailand(grant for Pestalotiopsis No:55201020008)+4 种基金Mae Fah Luang University(grant for Pestalotiopsis No:55101020004)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant:30930005)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant:KSCX2-YW-Z0935)Mushroom Research Foundation,Chiang Mai,ThailandState Key Laboratory of Mycology,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China and the King Saud University for supporting this research.
文摘Pestalotiopsis is a taxonomically confused,pathogenic and chemically creative genus requiring a critical reexamination using a multi-gene phylogeny based on ex-type and ex-epitype cultures.In this study 40 isolates of Pestalotiopsis,comprised of 28 strains collected from living and dead plant material of various host plants from China were studied by means of morphology and analysis of ITS,β–tubulin and tef1 gene sequence data.Based on molecular and morphological data we describe 14 new species(Pestalotiopsis asiatica,P.chinensis,P.chrysea,P.clavata,P.diversiseta,P.ellipsospora,P.inflexa,P.intermedia,P.linearis,P.rosea,P.saprophyta,P.umberspora,P.unicolor and P.verruculosa)and three species are epitypified(P.adusta,P.clavispora and P.foedans).Of the 10 gene regions(ACT,β-tubulin,CAL,GPDH,GS,ITS,LSU,RPB 1,SSU and tef1)utilized to resolve cryptic Pestalotiopsis species,ITS,β–tubulin and tef1 proved to be the better markers.The other gene regions were less useful due to poor success in PCR amplification and/or in their ability to resolve species boundaries.As a single gene tef1 met the requirements for an ideal candidate and functions well for species delimitation due to its better species resolution and PCR success.Althoughβ-tubulin showed fairly good differences among species,a combination of ITS,β-tubulin and tef1 gene data gave the best resolution as compared to single gene analysis.This work provides a backbone tree for 22 ex-type/epitypified species of Pestalotiopsis and can be used in future studies of the genus.
基金funded by China NSFC(31110103906)CAS(KSCX2-YW-Z-1026)Thailand Research Fund BRG528002.
文摘Three genera,Cochliobolus,Bipolaris and Curvularia form a complex that contains many plant pathogens,mostly on grasses(Poaceae)with a worldwide distribution.The taxonomy of this complex is confusing as frequent nomenclatural changes and refinements have occurred.There is no clear morphological boundary between the asexual genera Bipolaris and Curvularia,and some species show intermediate morphology.We investigated this complex based on a set of ex-type cultures and collections from northern Thailand.Combined gene analysis of rDNA ITS(internal transcribed spacer),GPDH(glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase),LSU(large subunit)and EF1-α(translation elongation factor 1-α)shows that this generic complex divides into two groups.Bipolaris and Cochliobolus species clustered in Group 1 along with their type species,whereas Curvularia species(including species named as Bipolaris,Cochliobolus and Curvularia)clustered in Group 2,with its generic type.The nomenclatural conflict in this complex is resolved giving priority to the more commonly used established generic names Bipolaris and Curvularia.Modern descriptions of the genera Bipolaris and Curvularia are provided and species resolved in this study are transferred to one of these genera based on their phylogeny.
基金We also thank Siriporn Luesuwan for arranging the loan of specimens from various herbaria.A.Ariyawansa and J.C Kang are grateful to the International collaboration plan of Science and Technology at Guizhou Province(contract No.[2012]7006)the construction of innovation talent team of Science and Technology at Guizhou Province(contract No.[2012]4007)+19 种基金China.D.J.Bhat is thankful to MFU for a Visiting Professorship during the tenure of which this paper was finalized.D.L.Hawksworth contributed to this work while in receipt of support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(CGL2011-25003)Haixia Wu would like to thank the Grant for Essential Scientific Research of National Non-profit Institute to funds for research(No.CAFYBB2007002)thanks Xiaoming Chen,Ying Feng and Chen Hang(The Research Institute of Resource Insects,Chinese Academy of Forestry,China)for their valuable help.Jian-Kui Liu would like to thank Manfred Binder for providing valuable suggestions and kind assistance on phylogenetic analysisWe would like to thank MFU grant No.56101020032 for funding to study taxonomy and phylogeny of selected families of DothideomycetesJiye Yan and Xinghong Li would like to thank CARS-30 for funds.K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,25440199)for financial supportK.L.Pang would like to thank National Science Council of Taiwan for financial support(NSC101-2621-B-019-001-MY3).L.Muggia is grateful to the Austrian Science Foundation for financial support(FWF,P24114-B16 and Herta-Firnberg Project T481-B20)M.Doilom would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee(RGJ)Ph.D.Program grant No.Ph.D./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2MP Nelsen and R Lücking are grateful to the NSF(DEB 0715660“Neotropical Epiphytic Microlichens-An Innovative Inventory of a Highly Diverse yet Little Known Group of Symbiotic Organisms”DEB 0717476“Systematics of Dothideomycetes”)MP Nelsen also acknowledges a Brown Family Fellowship through the Field Museum,a William Harper Rainey Fellowship through the University of Chicago,and support through the Committee on Evolutionary Biology at the University of Chicago.R.Phookamsak would like to thank the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD/0090/2551)under the Thailand Research Fund for scholarship supportS.A.Alias would like to thank Program Rakan University Malaya(PRPUM)-Phylogeny,Taxonomy,Relationships and Biotechnological Potential of Sooty Moulds.S.Boonmee also thanks Amy Y.Rossman and the U.S.Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service,Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Lab(SMML)USA for laboratory,funding support and advice on her work.S.Boonmee and P.Chomnunti would like to thank TRF/BIOTEC program Biodiversity Research and Training Grant BRT R_251181,BRT R_253012the Mushroom Research Foundation,Chiang Rai Province for funding support.S.Wikee would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program agreement No PhD/0198/2552S.Wikee and JK Liu would like to thank The National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)for the award of grant No 55201020002 to study the genus Phyllosticta in ThailandS.Suetrong acknowledges the financial support by TRF/BIOTEC program Biodiversity Research and Training Grant BRT R_351004 and BRT R_325015 to study marine fungi of ThailandSuetrong also thanks Morakot Tanticharoen,Kanyawim Kirtikara and Lily Eurwilaichitr,BIOTEC,Bangkok for their continued interest and support.Supalak Yacharoen,J.Monkai and K.D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund(BRG5280002)for financial supportGareth Jones is supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Saudi Arabia.Y.Wang would like to thank The International Scientific Cooperated Project of Guizhou Province(No[2013]7004)Yongxiang Liu would like to thank the Guizhou Research Fund(QKHZYZ[2010]5031 and QNKYYZX[2012]010)for financial supportHarrie Sipman is thanked for comments on part of the manuscript.
文摘Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens.They are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous fungi.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world.We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper.Each family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also characterized.Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and Strigulales.The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light.It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.
基金funded by NSFC 31110103906supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31070020)+1 种基金the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJHZ1310)supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture,Nature and Food Quality through an endowment of the FES programme“Versterking infrastructuur Plantgezondheid”.
文摘Anthracnose disease of Proteaceae has in the past chiefly been attributed to infections by C.acutatum,C.boninense and C.gloeosporioides.In the present study,a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis(ACT,CAL,CHS-1,GAPDH,GS,ITS,TUB2)revealed that strains of the C.gloeosporioides complex associated with Proteaceae belong to at least six species.These include C.alienum,C.aotearoa,C.kahawae(subsp.ciggaro),C.siamense,and two new taxa,C.proteae and C.grevilleae.The most economically important pathogen of Proteaceae seems to be C.alienum,and not C.gloeosporioides as previously reported.All taxa associated with Proteaceae are morphologically described on different media in culture,except strains of C.siamense,which proved to be sterile.Furthermore,C.populi is synonymised with C.aenigma.
文摘One hundred and five generic types of Pleosporales are described and illustrated.A brief introduction and detailed history with short notes on morphology,molecular phylogeny as well as a general conclusion of each genus are provided.For those genera where the type or a representative specimen is unavailable,a brief note is given.Altogether 174 genera of Pleosporales are treated.Phaeotrichaceae as well as Kriegeriella,Zeuctomorpha and Muroia are excluded from Pleosporales.Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis,the suborder Massarineae is emended to accommodate five families,viz.Lentitheciaceae,Massarinaceae,Montagnulaceae,Morosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae.
基金supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture,Nature and Food Quality through an endowment of the FES programme“Versterking infrastructuur Plantgezondheid”.
文摘Colletotrichum orbiculare causes anthracnose of Cucurbitaceae and is phylogenetically closely related to pathogens of several other herbaceous hosts belonging to the Asteraceae,Fabaceae and Malvaceae.Most of them are known for their hemibiotrophic infection strategy and as destructive pathogens either of field crops or weeds.In order to study the phylogenetic relationships of these fungi,a multilocus analysis(ITS,GAPDH,CHS-1,HIS3,ACT,TUB2,GS)of 42 strains of C.orbiculare and related species was conducted.The analysis resulted in nine clades that confirmed the four species previously known as belonging to this species complex,C.lindemuthianum,C.malvarum,C.orbiculare and C.trifolii,and recognised four new species from weeds,namely C.bidentis,C.sidae,C.spinosum and C.tebeestii.The name C.orbiculare itself is widely used in plant pathology and science,but is invalid according to current nomenclatural rules.Therefore we described a new species with the same epithet and a type specimen that agrees with our current understanding of this species,and is linked to a living culture.Following the recent epitypification of C.lindemuthianum,we chose appropriate specimens with associated strains to serve as epitypes of C.malvarum and C.trifolii,and selected an authentic specimen of C.trifolii as lectotype.
基金supported by the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(Grant No.PHD/0198/2552)to S.Wikee and Kevin D.Hyde.
文摘Phyllosticta capitalensis is an endophyte and weak plant pathogen with a worldwide distribution presently known from 70 plant families.This study isolated P.capitalensis from different host plants in northern Thailand,and determined their different life modes.Thirty strains of P.capitalensis were isolated as endophytes from 20 hosts.An additional 30 strains of P.capitalensis from other hosts and geographic locations were also obtained from established culture collections.Phylogenetic analysis using ITS,ACTand TEF gene data confirmed the identity of all isolates.Pathogenicity tests with five strains of P.capitalensis originating from different hosts were completed on their respective host plants.In all cases there was no infection of healthy leaves,indicating that this endophyte does not cause disease on healthy,unstressed host plants.That P.capitalensis is often isolated as an endophyte has important implications in fungal biology and plant health.Due to its endophytic nature,P.capitalensisis commonly found associated with lesions of plants,and often incorrectly identified as a species of quarantine importance,which again has implications for trade in agricultural and forestry production.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botanya research grant from the Biodiversity Research and Training Program(BRT R253012)+2 种基金The Thailand Research Fund(BRG 5280002)The International Scientific Cooperated Project of Guizhou Province(No[2013]7004)funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación project CGL2011-25003.
文摘Article 59.1,of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi,and Plants(ICN;Melbourne Code),which addresses the nomenclature of pleomorphic fungi,became effective from 30 July 2011.Since that date,each fungal species can have one nomenclaturally correct name in a particular classification.All other previously used names for this species will be considered as synonyms.The older generic epithet takes priority over the younger name.Any widely used younger names proposed for use,must comply with Art.57.2 and their usage should be approved by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).In this paper,we list all genera currently accepted by us in Dothideomycetes(belonging to 23 orders and 110 families),including pleomorphic and nonpleomorphic genera.In the case of pleomorphic genera,we follow the rulings of the current ICN and propose single generic names for future usage.The taxonomic placements of 1261 genera are listed as an outline.Protected names and suppressed names for 34 pleomorphic genera are listed separately.Notes and justifications are provided for possible proposed names after the list of genera.Notes are also provided on recent advances in our understanding of asexual and sexual morph linkages in Dothideomycetes.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene analyses supported 23 orders and 75 families,while 35 families still lack molecular data.
基金supported by a postgraduate scholarship from the Sarawak State Government,Malaysia.
文摘The identity of the casual agent of freckle disease of banana was investigated.The pathogen is generally referred to in literature under its teleomorphic name,Guignardia musae,or that of its purported anamorph,Phyllosticta musarum.Based on morphological and molecular data from a global set of banana specimens,several species were found associated with freckle disease.Phyllosticta maculata(from Southeast Asia and Oceania)is introduced as a new name for Guignardia musae,and an epitype is designated from Australia.Phyllosticta musarum(from India and Thailand)is shown to represent a distinct species,and the name is fixed by designation of an epitype from India.Guignardia stevensii is confirmed as distinct species from Hawaii,while Guignardia musicola from northern Thailand is shown to contain different taxa and is regarded as nomen confusum.Phyllosticta cavendishii is described as a new,widely distributed species,appearing primarily on Cavendish,but also on non-Cavendish banana cultivars.
基金Acknowledgements Nalin Wijayawardene would like to thank Lechat Christian,Yuanpin Xiao,Danushka Sandaruwan,Paul Mungai,Huang Zhang,Ishani Goonasekara,Chada Norphanphoun,Ishara Manawasingha,Rajesh Jeewon,Thilini Chethana and Hasini Ekanayaka for their assistances and suggestions.We would like to thank Mark Stadler for his help to check names in Xylariales.Nalin Wijayawardene and Pedro Crous thank Ulrike Damm for her comments and suggestions for validating several names.K.D.Hyde thanks The Chinese Academy of Sciences,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.K.D.Hyde and Monika C.Dayarathne would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund(TRF)grant no RSA5980068 entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans,National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)entitled Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice(Grant number:60201000201)Mae Fah Luang University grant"Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae"(Grant number:592010200112)+9 种基金Hugo Madrid was funded by Comisio´n Nacional de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica y Tecnolo´gica(CONICYT)Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientı´fico y Tecnolo´gico(FONDECYT),Chile,project no.11140562."Rafael F.Castan˜eda-Ruiz is grateful to the Organizacio´n Superior de Direccio´n Empresarial,Grupo Agrı´cola,(OSDE)from the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and"Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal",project P131LH003033.Dong Qin Dai would like to thank the Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and plants on Yun-Gui Plateau for the support.Ka-Lai Pang thanks Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan for financial support(105-2621-B-019-002-)Guo Zhu Zhao was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31570019)Mingkwan Doilom acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2.K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS26291084 and 16K07474)Walter P.Pfliegler was supported through the U´NKP-16-4-IV New National Excellence Program of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security funded postdoctoral project(number 179122)for supporting his postdoctoral research study.The authors extend their appreciation to the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089.KC Rajeshkumar thanks SERB,DST,Government of India for providing financial support under the project YSS/2015/001590Dr.K.M.Paknikar,Director,ARI for providing the facility.Mats Wedin thanks the Swedish Research Council,grants VR 621-2012-3990VR 2016-03589.Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI,FCT/UID/Multi/04046/2013)L.Selbmann,L.Zucconi and S.Onofri thank the Italian National Program for Antarctic Researches(PNRA)for the financial support.The Italian National Antarctic Museum(MNA)is acknowledged for supporting the Mycological Section and the Culture Collection of Fungi from Extreme Environments(CCFEE).
文摘Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to accelerate.Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic,and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended.New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera.The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011,has also caused changes in fungal generic names.In order to facilitate access to all important changes,it was desirable to compile these in a single document.The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota(approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016),including those which are lichen-forming.Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of‘Ainsworth&Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’in 2008 are provided.The notes include the number of accepted species,classification,type species(with location of the type material),culture availability,life-styles,distribution,and selected publications that have appeared since 2008.This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the"Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi"published in 2013,which will be developed into a list of protected generic names.This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists,and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis,Collophora(as Collophorina),Cryomyces,Dematiopleospora,Heterospora(as Heterosporicola),Lithophila,Palmomyces(as Palmaria)and Saxomyces are validated,as are two previously invalid family names,Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae.Four species of Lalaria,which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations.Catenomycopsis Tibell&Constant.is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain.,while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces.&De Not.(Art.59).
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,under grant No.1-965/1434 HiCi。
文摘Members of the family Chaetomiaceae are ubiquitous ascosporulating fungi commonly,which reside in soil enriched with manure or cellulosic materials.Their role as human pathogens is largely ignored.However,the ability of some species to grow at high temperature enables them to play an important role as opportunistic pathogens.The family contains several genera and species that have never been reported to cause human infection.Hereby,three new species are described;two belong to the genus Subramaniula and one represents a Chaetomium species.Subramaniula asteroides was isolated from various sources including eye and skin infections as well as from the natural environment,and S.obscura was isolated from a toe infection.Chaetomium anamorphosum was isolated from a kidney transplant patient suffering from fungal peritonitis.All species described were previously misidentified as Papulaspora spp.due to the formation of cellular clumps or bulbil-like structures,which are characteristic of Papulaspora.The isolates failed to form sexual fruit bodies and ascospores remained absent,which is an unusual feature for the generally ascosporulating genera Chaetomium and Subramaniula;minute conidia from phialides were sometimes observed.
