This study investigates the determinants that drive the volatility of the credit default swaps(CDS)of BRICIT(Brazil,Russia,India,China,Indonesia,and Turkey)nations as a proxy measure for sovereign risk.On the existenc...This study investigates the determinants that drive the volatility of the credit default swaps(CDS)of BRICIT(Brazil,Russia,India,China,Indonesia,and Turkey)nations as a proxy measure for sovereign risk.On the existence of cointegration,an unrestricted error correction model integrated with the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)model is applied to measure the short-run and long-run dynamics empirically.The study utilizes the Bayesian global vector autoregression methodology for cross-border spillover estimation.The study also suggests a strategy for policymakers for quadrant categorization to mitigate risk arising from cross-border spillover.The result of ARDL indicates that the global macroeconomic variables affect the BRICIT CDS more than domestic macroeconomic determinants,with Indian CDS being the most sensitive to Fed tapering.Notably,China’s CDS is the most sensitive to shocks,with the CDS volatility primarily driven by China’s geopolitical risk.Russian CDS is more sensitive to real effective exchange rates due to severe ruble depreciation than crude oil,despite Russia being a major oil exporter.The quadrant categorization indicates that the Indonesian stock market index is most interconnected with BRICIT CDS,while the Turkish long-term interest rates send the highest intensity spillover across BRICIT nations.展开更多
This review article presents a comprehensive overview of emerging technologies in bone tissue engineering(BTE).This rapidly advancing field addresses the challenges of bone defects and injuries beyond traditional trea...This review article presents a comprehensive overview of emerging technologies in bone tissue engineering(BTE).This rapidly advancing field addresses the challenges of bone defects and injuries beyond traditional treatments like autografts and allografts.The study highlights the integration of 3D bioprinting,stem cell therapy,gene therapy,biomaterials,nanotechnology,and computational modeling as transformative approaches in BTE.Developing biomimetic scaffolds,advanced bio-inks,and composite nanomaterials has enhanced seaffold design,improving mechanical properties and biocompatibility.Innovatiohs in gene therapy and bioactive molecule delivery are showcased for their ability to modulate cellular behavior and enhance osteogenesis.Stem cell-based therapies leverage the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells,facilitating tissue integration and functional restoration.Computational tools,including finite element analysis(FEA)and agent-based modelling,aid in the optimization of scaffold design,predicting mechanical responses and biological behaviors.Despite notable progress,signifieant challenges,such as achieving reliable vascularization,sealable manu-facturing of engineered constructs,and effective clinical translation,remain substantial barriers to widespread adoption.Future research efforts focused on refining these technologies are vital for translating innovative strategies into elinical practice,paving the way for personalized regenerative solutions in bone repair.展开更多
Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an expone...Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an exponential manner. Hybrid cryptography provides a better solution than a single type of cryptographical technique. In this paper, nested levels of hybrid cryptographical techniques are investigated with the help of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Paillier cryptographical techniques. In the first level, information will be encrypted by DNA and at the second level, the ciphertext of DNA will be encrypted by Paillier cryptography. At the decryption time, firstly Paillier cryptography will be processed, and then DAN cryptography will be processed to get the original text. The proposed algorithm follows the concept of Last Encryption First Decryption (LEFD) at the time of decryption. The computed results are depicted in terms of tables and graphs.展开更多
Ion channels present in the plasma membrane are responsible for integration and propagation of electric signals,which transmit information in nerve cells.Malfunction of these ion channels leads to many neurological di...Ion channels present in the plasma membrane are responsible for integration and propagation of electric signals,which transmit information in nerve cells.Malfunction of these ion channels leads to many neurological diseases.Recently,optogenetic technology has gained a lot of attention for the manipulation of neuronal circuits.Optogenetics is a neuromodulation approach that has been developed to control neuronal functions and activities using light.The lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)absorb low energy photons in near-infrared(NIR) window and emit high energy photons in the visible spectrum region via nonlinear processes.In the last few decades,UCNPs have gained great attention in various bio-medical applications such as bio-imaging,drug delivery and optogenetics.The near-infrared illumination is considered more suitable for optogenetics application,due to its lower degree of light attenuation and higher tissue penetration compared to visible light.Therefore,UCNPs have been considered as the new promising candidates for optogenetics applications.Upconversion nanoparticlemediated optogenetic systems provide a great opportunity to manipulate the ion channel in deep tissue.Herein,we summarize the upconversion photoluminescence in lanthanide doped nanomaterials and its mechanisms and several approaches adopted to tune emission color or enhance upconversion efficiency.Recent advances of lanthanide-doped UCNPs design strategy and their mechanism are reviewed.Then,we discuss the neural circuitry modulation using upconversion nanoparticles mediated optogenetics.Moreover,the future perspectives towards optogenetics are also included.展开更多
The present research work concerns about the hydrodynamic behaviors of the open net offshore fish cages of single,double and 4-cage systems subjected to regular sinusoidal waves.The open net semisubmersible rigid cage...The present research work concerns about the hydrodynamic behaviors of the open net offshore fish cages of single,double and 4-cage systems subjected to regular sinusoidal waves.The open net semisubmersible rigid cage is square in shape and analyzed numerically using ANSYS AQWA software.Frequency and time domain analyses are carried out for each case.The hydrodynamic parameters such as added mass,radiation potential damping,motion responses and mooring line tensions are considered as performance indicators to conclude as the best arrangements among three different cages.The single cage and windward side of all cages exhibit identical performance in all hydrodynamic parameters.The leeward side of each cage shows lesser parametric values than the windward side cages.Based on the performance indicators,it is concluded that the grid system containing four cage arrangements provides better performance than three other cage configurations.An experimental model of 1∶75 scale is fabricated and wave flume studies are conducted to validate the present numerical model.The cage is placed at a water depth of 55 cm and subjected to wave heights of 12 cm and 14 cm with wave periods ranging from 0.8 s to 2.2 s with an interval of 0.2 s are considered.The same wave flume boundary conditions are adopted for numerical simulations and results are in good agreement with experimental work results.展开更多
This paper demonstrates the enhancement of mechanical properties and effective optimization of pulsed GTAW process parameters on aluminium alloy 6061 using sinusoidal AC wave with argon plus helium gas mixtures. Modif...This paper demonstrates the enhancement of mechanical properties and effective optimization of pulsed GTAW process parameters on aluminium alloy 6061 using sinusoidal AC wave with argon plus helium gas mixtures. Modified Taguchi Method (MTM) was employed to formulate experimental layout and to study effect of process parameter optimization on mechanical properties of the weld joints. Microstructural characterization of weld joint was carried out to understand the structural property correlation with process parameters.展开更多
GaN/InGaN based violet light emitting diodes (LEDs), emitting at 430 nm, have been grown on conventional single side polished (SSP) and patterned sapphire substrates (PSS). Characteristics of the epitaxial wafers and ...GaN/InGaN based violet light emitting diodes (LEDs), emitting at 430 nm, have been grown on conventional single side polished (SSP) and patterned sapphire substrates (PSS). Characteristics of the epitaxial wafers and subsequently fabricated LEDs have been analyzed. The photoluminescence (PL) peaks have been observed at 428.1 nm 426.1 nm for the epitaxial layers on SSP and PSS respectively. The PL intensity is 2.9 times higher in the case of PSS. The electroluminescence (EL) peaks have been observed at 430.78 nm and 430.35 nm for the LEDs on SSP and PSS respectively. The light output from LED fabricated on the PSS is 2.15 times higher than that of the LED on SSP at a forward current of 100 mA.展开更多
A simple, controlled, robust and scalable three-stage manufacturing process of Afatinib Dimaleate was assessed and optimized leading to improved yield and quality. The synthetic process involves sequence of reactions ...A simple, controlled, robust and scalable three-stage manufacturing process of Afatinib Dimaleate was assessed and optimized leading to improved yield and quality. The synthetic process involves sequence of reactions as nitro-reduction, amidation and salification. The developed and optimized route was demonstrated on 300 g scale with over all isolated yield of 84% for Afatinib free base. The developed process has the capability to control not only the process related impurities but also the degradation impurities. One new impurity was identified during the process development studies and characterized as acetamide impunity, chemically known as (S)-N-(4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino)-7-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl) oxy) quinazolin-6-yl) acetamide. Other impurities were identified as degradation impurities, Process impurities and were labeled as 1-(4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino)-7-(((S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl) oxy) quinazoline-6-yl)-5-Hydroxypyrrolidin- 2-one (hydroxy impurity), Afatinib N-Oxide impurity and N4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-[[(3S)-tetrahydro- 3-furanyl] oxy]-4,6-quinazolinediamine (Intermediate-1).展开更多
In this paper, we proved some fixed point theorems in intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces applying the properties of weakly compatible mapping and satisfying the concept of implicit relations for t norms and t connorms.
This research article introduces a high-order finite element model based on the first-order shear deformation theory to analyze the hygrothermal static responses of nanoscale,multidirectional nanofunctionally graded p...This research article introduces a high-order finite element model based on the first-order shear deformation theory to analyze the hygrothermal static responses of nanoscale,multidirectional nanofunctionally graded piezoelectric(NFGP)plates resting on variable elastic foundations.The study considers the material properties of these plates,which are governed by three distinct material laws—Power,Exponential,and Sigmoid as well as various patterns of porosity distribution.The derived governing equations are formulated using Hamilton's principle and incorporate nonlocal piezoelasticity theory,employing a nine-node isoperimetric quadrilateral Lagrangian element capable of handling six degrees of freedom.A comprehensive parametric study is conducted,examining the influence of the small-scale parameter,material exponent for multidirectional grading,variable foundation stiffness,porosity-related exponent,thickness ratio,and the effects of hygrothermal and electrical loading on the NFGP plates,all while considering different boundary conditions.The findings provide valuable insights into the interaction between multidirectional graded smart structures and their foundations under varying hygrothermal and electromechanical conditions,which can significantly enhance the efficiency of designing and developing intelligent structures and systems.展开更多
This study investigates the multifield vibration behavior of a porosity-dependent bidirectional functionally graded piezoelectric nano-plate(FGPN)subjected to hygrothermal and thermoelectric loading.The material compo...This study investigates the multifield vibration behavior of a porosity-dependent bidirectional functionally graded piezoelectric nano-plate(FGPN)subjected to hygrothermal and thermoelectric loading.The material composition is defined by sigmoid and power-law distributions along both transverse and axial directions,accommodating even,uneven,and symmetrically centered porosity patterns.The model incorporates nonclassical elasticity theory and von Kármán nonlinear strains,with the governing equations formulated using a modified first-order shear deformation theory and derived through the energy principle.A higher-order finite element formulation,coupled with a modified Newton-Raphson procedure,ensures robust computational accuracy,validated through convergence tests.The analysis delves into the influence of porosity distribution,bidirectional material variations,non-uniform thickness,thickness ratios,variable elastic foundations,and boundary conditions on vibrational behavior.Additionally,the study explores the interplay of hygrothermal and electrical loading conditions in diverse configurations.The findings highlight the pivotal role of bidirectional material gradation in shaping the vibrational response of porous FGPN structures,offering valuable insights for the design of nano-plates in hygrothermal and thermoelectric applications.展开更多
This article investigates the nonlinear vibration behavior of porous multidirectional piezoelectric functionally graded nonuniform(PFGN)plates resting on orthotropic variable elastic foundations and subjected to hygro...This article investigates the nonlinear vibration behavior of porous multidirectional piezoelectric functionally graded nonuniform(PFGN)plates resting on orthotropic variable elastic foundations and subjected to hygrothermal loading.The sigmoidal law is employed to define the multidirectional gradation properties,incorporating porosity along both the axial and thickness directions.The governing equations for the porous multidirectional PFGN plate are derived using the modified first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT)with nonlinear von Kármán strain and Hamilton's principle.A higher-order finite element(FE)approach,combined with a modified Newton-Raphson method,is utilized to solve the resulting equations.The study reveals that orthotropic variable elastic foundations significantly influence the vibration behavior of multidirectional PFGN porous plates compared to conventional elastic foundations under hygrothermal loading.Additionally,the effects of various parameters such as thickness ratio,tapered ratio,material exponent,boundary conditions,porosity distribution,electrical loading,temperature variation,and moisture change on the vibration behavior are comprehensively analyzed.The results of this study have direct applications in energy harvesting and structural health monitoring,offering a novel approach to designing and optimizing smart materials for engineering systems operating under hygrothermal and thermoelectrical conditions.展开更多
We describe the design and synthesis of eco-friendly AgInS_(2)/ZnS QDs via a facile one-pot synthesis method for application in encryption and anti-counterfeiting.A significant enhancement in PLQY(up to 45%)and stabil...We describe the design and synthesis of eco-friendly AgInS_(2)/ZnS QDs via a facile one-pot synthesis method for application in encryption and anti-counterfeiting.A significant enhancement in PLQY(up to 45%)and stability are observed with increased ZnS shell thickness.By varying the Ag:In composition from 1:2 to 1:0.25,the PL emission of AgInS_(2)/ZnS QDs can be tuned from the visible to NIR(up to 900 nm).The ink fabricated with AgInS_(2)/ZnSQDs shows greater thermal and water stability compared to AgInS_(2)QDs.The patterns printed with these luminescent inks show excellent water and thermal stability and the capability to print on surfaces of any type and color,making them promising for practical use.These printed patterns are completely transparent/invisible in normal light and visible under 254 nm,365 nm and 464 nm(blue LED)illumination.These features offer rapid responsive and multi-layered information encryption,and sophisticated anti-counterfeiting.展开更多
Over the past few decades, coordination polymers/metal organic frameworks （CPs/MOFs） have drawn a great deal of attention for diverse applications due to their advantages of intrinsically ttLnable chemical structure...Over the past few decades, coordination polymers/metal organic frameworks （CPs/MOFs） have drawn a great deal of attention for diverse applications due to their advantages of intrinsically ttLnable chemical structure, flexible architecture, high pore volume, high surface area, multifunctional properties, etc. To date, numerous CPs/MOFs have been developed and employed for the treatment and control of gaseous pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, through capture, sorptive removal, and catalytic degradation. Nevertheless, there are also some key drawbacks and challenges for the practical application of these systems （e.g., poor selectivity, high energy （and fiscal） cost, high synthesis cost, low capacity, and difficulties in regeneration and recycling）. In this review, recent developments in CPs/MOFs research are described with their associated mechanisms for capture, sorptive removal, and catalytic degradation of VOCs. To this end, we discuss the key variables and challenges for afforded abatement of VOCs through CPs/MOFs technologies. Hopefully, this review will help the scientific community set future directions for the advancement of CPs/MOFs techniques for the effective management of diverse environmental issues.展开更多
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays an important role in a num-ber of cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and inva-sion. IL-6 mediates its downstream...Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays an important role in a num-ber of cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and inva-sion. IL-6 mediates its downstream effects by activating a number of signaling cascades including JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. In addition to its effects on tumor cells, IL-6 also regulates tumor progression and tumor metastasis by modulating tumor angiogenesis and tumor lymphangiogenesis. A number of studies have shown that IL-6 levels are markedly upregulated in cancer patients. We and others have shown that high IL-6 expression indepen-dently predicts tumor recurrence, tumor metastasis and poor survival in head and neck cancer patients. Therefore targeting IL-6 signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treat-ment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this review, we discuss the cur-rent understanding of the role of IL-6 in HNSCC progression and potential therapeutic strategies to target IL-6 signaling for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. Copyright a 2016 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
1 Introduction Many real networks are inherently composed of overlapping structure at modular level where nodes have multiple memberships.Additionally,many real networks are equipped with several metadata such as grou...1 Introduction Many real networks are inherently composed of overlapping structure at modular level where nodes have multiple memberships.Additionally,many real networks are equipped with several metadata such as ground truth,node and edge weights which make the whole business of community detection complicated.Nevertheless,there are a few well known algorithms,e.g.,CPMw[1]that can detect overlapping community structure in weighted networks.When it comes to the application of an algorithm,the desired output depends on the right choice of parameters.展开更多
Carcinoma of the head and neck represents 3.5%of all cancers, and the vast major-ity of these tumors are squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). With a stable overall survival rate of 50%among all stages, there is continued ...Carcinoma of the head and neck represents 3.5%of all cancers, and the vast major-ity of these tumors are squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). With a stable overall survival rate of 50%among all stages, there is continued interested in developing measures for early detection and disease aggressiveness. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been identified as a potential marker for early metastatic disease, response to treatment, and surveillance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In this article, techniques of CTC detection, applications of CTC technology, and outcomes of HNSCC patients will be discussed. Copyright a 2016 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
Inkjet printing of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)nanosheets fabricated by liquid-phase exfoliation(LPE)allows simple,mass-producible,and low-cost photo-electronic devices.Many LPE processes in...Inkjet printing of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)nanosheets fabricated by liquid-phase exfoliation(LPE)allows simple,mass-producible,and low-cost photo-electronic devices.Many LPE processes involve toxic and environmentally hazardous solvents;however,dispersants have restricted the extent of applications of 2D-TMD inks.Herein,various 2D-TMD nanosheets,including MoS2,MoSe2,WS2,and WSe2,in addition to few-layered graphene,are inkjet-printed using a LPE process based on zwitterionic dispersants in water.Zwitterions with cationic and anionic species are water-soluble,while alkyl chain moieties associated with two ionic species adhere universally on the surface of TMD nanosheets,resulting in high throughput liquid exfoliation of the nanosheets.The zwitterion-assisted TMD nanosheets in water are successtully employed as an ink without the need for additives to adjust the viscosity and surface tension of the ink for use in an office inkjet printer;this gives rise to A4 scale,large-area inkjet-printed images on diverse substrates,such as metals,oxides,and polymer substrates patchable onto human skin.Combination with conductive graphene nanosheet inks allowed the development of mechanically flexible,biocompatible-printed arrays of photodetectors with pixelated MoSe2 channels on a paper exhibiting a photocurrent ON/OFF ratio of approximately 1038 and photocurrent switching of 500 ms.展开更多
Aim:The development of chemotherapy resistance is the major obstacle in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer(PCa).Extracellular vesicles(EVs)secretion plays a significant role among different mechanisms contribut...Aim:The development of chemotherapy resistance is the major obstacle in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer(PCa).Extracellular vesicles(EVs)secretion plays a significant role among different mechanisms contributing to chemoresistance.Hence,inhibition of EVs release may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs against PCa.Methods:Paclitaxel(PTX)resistant PCa cells(PC3-R and DU145-R)were treated with GW4869,a known exosome biogenesis inhibitor.EVs were isolated from the conditioned media by ExoQuick-based precipitation method and characterized for concentration and size distribution by nanoparticle tracking analysis.The effect of GW4869 treatment on the survival and growth of PCa cells was assessed by MTT,and colony formation assays in vitro,and ectopic PC3-R xenografts in male athymic nude mice in vivo.The effect of other EV biogenesis inhibitors,imipramine and dimethyl amiloride(DMA),treatment was also analyzed on the survival of PC3-R cells.Results:GW4869(10-20μM)treatment of PTX resistant PCa cells significantly reduced the release of small EVs(50-100 nm size range)while increasing the release of larger EVs(>150 nm in size),and inhibited their clonogenicity.Moreover,GW4869(5-20μM)treatment(24-72h)significantly inhibited the survival of PC3-R cells in a dose-dependent manner.We observed a similar growth inhibition with both imipramine(5-20μg/mL)and DMA(5-20μg/mL)treatment in PC3-R cells.Furthermore,GW4869 treatment(IP)in mice bearing PC3-R xenografts significantly reduced the tumor weight(65%reduction,P=0.017)compared to the vehicle-treated control mice without causing any noticeable toxicity.Conclusion:Inhibiting the release of EVs could sensitize the resistant PCa cells to chemotherapy.展开更多
Stevia is well-known for its unique non-caloric intense sweetness and recognising as one of the most acceptable sweeteners.Therefore,quality control and metabolite profiling perspectives,two isocratic reverse-phase UP...Stevia is well-known for its unique non-caloric intense sweetness and recognising as one of the most acceptable sweeteners.Therefore,quality control and metabolite profiling perspectives,two isocratic reverse-phase UPLC-PDA-ELSD-MS methods were developed to determine nine diterpene glycosides(method A)and isomeric compounds(steviol and isosteviol;method B).Both the methods were validated and found as per the ICH guidelines for accuracy(recovery),precision(Intraday,interday,and intermediate precision),linearity,and regression coefficient(r2),ruggedness(eluent concentration±2 mM,column oven temperature±3℃ and retention time),and system suitability(theoretical plate count,asymmetric factor,injection precision and resolution).LOD for steviol and its glycosides were found between 0.92 and 5.22μg/mL while LOQ were 2.78-18.29μg/mL,respectively.Validated methods had shown only the presence of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudina samples while LC-ESI-MS/MS revealed the identification of 46 different class of molecules.These methods will be helpful to monitor quality in Stevia production and its derived products.展开更多
文摘This study investigates the determinants that drive the volatility of the credit default swaps(CDS)of BRICIT(Brazil,Russia,India,China,Indonesia,and Turkey)nations as a proxy measure for sovereign risk.On the existence of cointegration,an unrestricted error correction model integrated with the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)model is applied to measure the short-run and long-run dynamics empirically.The study utilizes the Bayesian global vector autoregression methodology for cross-border spillover estimation.The study also suggests a strategy for policymakers for quadrant categorization to mitigate risk arising from cross-border spillover.The result of ARDL indicates that the global macroeconomic variables affect the BRICIT CDS more than domestic macroeconomic determinants,with Indian CDS being the most sensitive to Fed tapering.Notably,China’s CDS is the most sensitive to shocks,with the CDS volatility primarily driven by China’s geopolitical risk.Russian CDS is more sensitive to real effective exchange rates due to severe ruble depreciation than crude oil,despite Russia being a major oil exporter.The quadrant categorization indicates that the Indonesian stock market index is most interconnected with BRICIT CDS,while the Turkish long-term interest rates send the highest intensity spillover across BRICIT nations.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this study through the Large Research Group Project under grant number"RGP 2/365/45".
文摘This review article presents a comprehensive overview of emerging technologies in bone tissue engineering(BTE).This rapidly advancing field addresses the challenges of bone defects and injuries beyond traditional treatments like autografts and allografts.The study highlights the integration of 3D bioprinting,stem cell therapy,gene therapy,biomaterials,nanotechnology,and computational modeling as transformative approaches in BTE.Developing biomimetic scaffolds,advanced bio-inks,and composite nanomaterials has enhanced seaffold design,improving mechanical properties and biocompatibility.Innovatiohs in gene therapy and bioactive molecule delivery are showcased for their ability to modulate cellular behavior and enhance osteogenesis.Stem cell-based therapies leverage the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells,facilitating tissue integration and functional restoration.Computational tools,including finite element analysis(FEA)and agent-based modelling,aid in the optimization of scaffold design,predicting mechanical responses and biological behaviors.Despite notable progress,signifieant challenges,such as achieving reliable vascularization,sealable manu-facturing of engineered constructs,and effective clinical translation,remain substantial barriers to widespread adoption.Future research efforts focused on refining these technologies are vital for translating innovative strategies into elinical practice,paving the way for personalized regenerative solutions in bone repair.
文摘Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an exponential manner. Hybrid cryptography provides a better solution than a single type of cryptographical technique. In this paper, nested levels of hybrid cryptographical techniques are investigated with the help of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Paillier cryptographical techniques. In the first level, information will be encrypted by DNA and at the second level, the ciphertext of DNA will be encrypted by Paillier cryptography. At the decryption time, firstly Paillier cryptography will be processed, and then DAN cryptography will be processed to get the original text. The proposed algorithm follows the concept of Last Encryption First Decryption (LEFD) at the time of decryption. The computed results are depicted in terms of tables and graphs.
基金Project supported by the Fonds de recherche du Québec-Nature et technologies(FRQNT)Canada for Merit Scholarship Program for Foreign Students(PBEEE)Fellowship。
文摘Ion channels present in the plasma membrane are responsible for integration and propagation of electric signals,which transmit information in nerve cells.Malfunction of these ion channels leads to many neurological diseases.Recently,optogenetic technology has gained a lot of attention for the manipulation of neuronal circuits.Optogenetics is a neuromodulation approach that has been developed to control neuronal functions and activities using light.The lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)absorb low energy photons in near-infrared(NIR) window and emit high energy photons in the visible spectrum region via nonlinear processes.In the last few decades,UCNPs have gained great attention in various bio-medical applications such as bio-imaging,drug delivery and optogenetics.The near-infrared illumination is considered more suitable for optogenetics application,due to its lower degree of light attenuation and higher tissue penetration compared to visible light.Therefore,UCNPs have been considered as the new promising candidates for optogenetics applications.Upconversion nanoparticlemediated optogenetic systems provide a great opportunity to manipulate the ion channel in deep tissue.Herein,we summarize the upconversion photoluminescence in lanthanide doped nanomaterials and its mechanisms and several approaches adopted to tune emission color or enhance upconversion efficiency.Recent advances of lanthanide-doped UCNPs design strategy and their mechanism are reviewed.Then,we discuss the neural circuitry modulation using upconversion nanoparticles mediated optogenetics.Moreover,the future perspectives towards optogenetics are also included.
文摘The present research work concerns about the hydrodynamic behaviors of the open net offshore fish cages of single,double and 4-cage systems subjected to regular sinusoidal waves.The open net semisubmersible rigid cage is square in shape and analyzed numerically using ANSYS AQWA software.Frequency and time domain analyses are carried out for each case.The hydrodynamic parameters such as added mass,radiation potential damping,motion responses and mooring line tensions are considered as performance indicators to conclude as the best arrangements among three different cages.The single cage and windward side of all cages exhibit identical performance in all hydrodynamic parameters.The leeward side of each cage shows lesser parametric values than the windward side cages.Based on the performance indicators,it is concluded that the grid system containing four cage arrangements provides better performance than three other cage configurations.An experimental model of 1∶75 scale is fabricated and wave flume studies are conducted to validate the present numerical model.The cage is placed at a water depth of 55 cm and subjected to wave heights of 12 cm and 14 cm with wave periods ranging from 0.8 s to 2.2 s with an interval of 0.2 s are considered.The same wave flume boundary conditions are adopted for numerical simulations and results are in good agreement with experimental work results.
文摘This paper demonstrates the enhancement of mechanical properties and effective optimization of pulsed GTAW process parameters on aluminium alloy 6061 using sinusoidal AC wave with argon plus helium gas mixtures. Modified Taguchi Method (MTM) was employed to formulate experimental layout and to study effect of process parameter optimization on mechanical properties of the weld joints. Microstructural characterization of weld joint was carried out to understand the structural property correlation with process parameters.
文摘GaN/InGaN based violet light emitting diodes (LEDs), emitting at 430 nm, have been grown on conventional single side polished (SSP) and patterned sapphire substrates (PSS). Characteristics of the epitaxial wafers and subsequently fabricated LEDs have been analyzed. The photoluminescence (PL) peaks have been observed at 428.1 nm 426.1 nm for the epitaxial layers on SSP and PSS respectively. The PL intensity is 2.9 times higher in the case of PSS. The electroluminescence (EL) peaks have been observed at 430.78 nm and 430.35 nm for the LEDs on SSP and PSS respectively. The light output from LED fabricated on the PSS is 2.15 times higher than that of the LED on SSP at a forward current of 100 mA.
文摘A simple, controlled, robust and scalable three-stage manufacturing process of Afatinib Dimaleate was assessed and optimized leading to improved yield and quality. The synthetic process involves sequence of reactions as nitro-reduction, amidation and salification. The developed and optimized route was demonstrated on 300 g scale with over all isolated yield of 84% for Afatinib free base. The developed process has the capability to control not only the process related impurities but also the degradation impurities. One new impurity was identified during the process development studies and characterized as acetamide impunity, chemically known as (S)-N-(4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino)-7-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl) oxy) quinazolin-6-yl) acetamide. Other impurities were identified as degradation impurities, Process impurities and were labeled as 1-(4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino)-7-(((S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl) oxy) quinazoline-6-yl)-5-Hydroxypyrrolidin- 2-one (hydroxy impurity), Afatinib N-Oxide impurity and N4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-[[(3S)-tetrahydro- 3-furanyl] oxy]-4,6-quinazolinediamine (Intermediate-1).
文摘In this paper, we proved some fixed point theorems in intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces applying the properties of weakly compatible mapping and satisfying the concept of implicit relations for t norms and t connorms.
文摘This research article introduces a high-order finite element model based on the first-order shear deformation theory to analyze the hygrothermal static responses of nanoscale,multidirectional nanofunctionally graded piezoelectric(NFGP)plates resting on variable elastic foundations.The study considers the material properties of these plates,which are governed by three distinct material laws—Power,Exponential,and Sigmoid as well as various patterns of porosity distribution.The derived governing equations are formulated using Hamilton's principle and incorporate nonlocal piezoelasticity theory,employing a nine-node isoperimetric quadrilateral Lagrangian element capable of handling six degrees of freedom.A comprehensive parametric study is conducted,examining the influence of the small-scale parameter,material exponent for multidirectional grading,variable foundation stiffness,porosity-related exponent,thickness ratio,and the effects of hygrothermal and electrical loading on the NFGP plates,all while considering different boundary conditions.The findings provide valuable insights into the interaction between multidirectional graded smart structures and their foundations under varying hygrothermal and electromechanical conditions,which can significantly enhance the efficiency of designing and developing intelligent structures and systems.
文摘This study investigates the multifield vibration behavior of a porosity-dependent bidirectional functionally graded piezoelectric nano-plate(FGPN)subjected to hygrothermal and thermoelectric loading.The material composition is defined by sigmoid and power-law distributions along both transverse and axial directions,accommodating even,uneven,and symmetrically centered porosity patterns.The model incorporates nonclassical elasticity theory and von Kármán nonlinear strains,with the governing equations formulated using a modified first-order shear deformation theory and derived through the energy principle.A higher-order finite element formulation,coupled with a modified Newton-Raphson procedure,ensures robust computational accuracy,validated through convergence tests.The analysis delves into the influence of porosity distribution,bidirectional material variations,non-uniform thickness,thickness ratios,variable elastic foundations,and boundary conditions on vibrational behavior.Additionally,the study explores the interplay of hygrothermal and electrical loading conditions in diverse configurations.The findings highlight the pivotal role of bidirectional material gradation in shaping the vibrational response of porous FGPN structures,offering valuable insights for the design of nano-plates in hygrothermal and thermoelectric applications.
基金supported by King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi's Postdoctoral Fellowship Under Research Project ID-27929。
文摘This article investigates the nonlinear vibration behavior of porous multidirectional piezoelectric functionally graded nonuniform(PFGN)plates resting on orthotropic variable elastic foundations and subjected to hygrothermal loading.The sigmoidal law is employed to define the multidirectional gradation properties,incorporating porosity along both the axial and thickness directions.The governing equations for the porous multidirectional PFGN plate are derived using the modified first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT)with nonlinear von Kármán strain and Hamilton's principle.A higher-order finite element(FE)approach,combined with a modified Newton-Raphson method,is utilized to solve the resulting equations.The study reveals that orthotropic variable elastic foundations significantly influence the vibration behavior of multidirectional PFGN porous plates compared to conventional elastic foundations under hygrothermal loading.Additionally,the effects of various parameters such as thickness ratio,tapered ratio,material exponent,boundary conditions,porosity distribution,electrical loading,temperature variation,and moisture change on the vibration behavior are comprehensively analyzed.The results of this study have direct applications in energy harvesting and structural health monitoring,offering a novel approach to designing and optimizing smart materials for engineering systems operating under hygrothermal and thermoelectrical conditions.
基金NSERC for funding through an individual Discovery Grantthe Fonds de recherche du Qu ebec-Nature et technologies(FRQNT)for the Merit scholarship program for international students(PBEEE)fellowship+7 种基金the Chinese Scholarship Council and FRQNT for Post-Doctoral scholarshipsthe fund from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M673173)the National Science Foundation(NSFC)for Young Scientists of China(No.22005044)the UNESCO Chair in MATECSS for a Ph.D.Excellence ScholarshipMitacs Accelerate for fundingNESRC-DG and Dalhousie University for start-up fundingthe support of the National Basic Research Program of China(Project 2013CB933301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project 51272038)。
文摘We describe the design and synthesis of eco-friendly AgInS_(2)/ZnS QDs via a facile one-pot synthesis method for application in encryption and anti-counterfeiting.A significant enhancement in PLQY(up to 45%)and stability are observed with increased ZnS shell thickness.By varying the Ag:In composition from 1:2 to 1:0.25,the PL emission of AgInS_(2)/ZnS QDs can be tuned from the visible to NIR(up to 900 nm).The ink fabricated with AgInS_(2)/ZnSQDs shows greater thermal and water stability compared to AgInS_(2)QDs.The patterns printed with these luminescent inks show excellent water and thermal stability and the capability to print on surfaces of any type and color,making them promising for practical use.These printed patterns are completely transparent/invisible in normal light and visible under 254 nm,365 nm and 464 nm(blue LED)illumination.These features offer rapid responsive and multi-layered information encryption,and sophisticated anti-counterfeiting.
文摘Over the past few decades, coordination polymers/metal organic frameworks （CPs/MOFs） have drawn a great deal of attention for diverse applications due to their advantages of intrinsically ttLnable chemical structure, flexible architecture, high pore volume, high surface area, multifunctional properties, etc. To date, numerous CPs/MOFs have been developed and employed for the treatment and control of gaseous pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, through capture, sorptive removal, and catalytic degradation. Nevertheless, there are also some key drawbacks and challenges for the practical application of these systems （e.g., poor selectivity, high energy （and fiscal） cost, high synthesis cost, low capacity, and difficulties in regeneration and recycling）. In this review, recent developments in CPs/MOFs research are described with their associated mechanisms for capture, sorptive removal, and catalytic degradation of VOCs. To this end, we discuss the key variables and challenges for afforded abatement of VOCs through CPs/MOFs technologies. Hopefully, this review will help the scientific community set future directions for the advancement of CPs/MOFs techniques for the effective management of diverse environmental issues.
文摘Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays an important role in a num-ber of cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and inva-sion. IL-6 mediates its downstream effects by activating a number of signaling cascades including JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. In addition to its effects on tumor cells, IL-6 also regulates tumor progression and tumor metastasis by modulating tumor angiogenesis and tumor lymphangiogenesis. A number of studies have shown that IL-6 levels are markedly upregulated in cancer patients. We and others have shown that high IL-6 expression indepen-dently predicts tumor recurrence, tumor metastasis and poor survival in head and neck cancer patients. Therefore targeting IL-6 signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treat-ment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this review, we discuss the cur-rent understanding of the role of IL-6 in HNSCC progression and potential therapeutic strategies to target IL-6 signaling for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. Copyright a 2016 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
文摘1 Introduction Many real networks are inherently composed of overlapping structure at modular level where nodes have multiple memberships.Additionally,many real networks are equipped with several metadata such as ground truth,node and edge weights which make the whole business of community detection complicated.Nevertheless,there are a few well known algorithms,e.g.,CPMw[1]that can detect overlapping community structure in weighted networks.When it comes to the application of an algorithm,the desired output depends on the right choice of parameters.
基金the following agencies:The National Science Foundation，the National Cancer Institute，the State of Ohio Third Frontier Program，the National Cancer Institute CCC Core Grant
文摘Carcinoma of the head and neck represents 3.5%of all cancers, and the vast major-ity of these tumors are squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). With a stable overall survival rate of 50%among all stages, there is continued interested in developing measures for early detection and disease aggressiveness. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been identified as a potential marker for early metastatic disease, response to treatment, and surveillance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In this article, techniques of CTC detection, applications of CTC technology, and outcomes of HNSCC patients will be discussed. Copyright a 2016 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
基金This research was supported by the Creative Materials Discovery Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(2018M3D1A1058536)This research was also supported by a grant from the NRF funded by the Korean government(MEST)(Nus.2017R1 A2A1A05001160 aurd 2016M3A7B4910530)Tlis work is based upon work supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTTE,Korea)under Industrial Technology Innovation Program(No.10063274).
文摘Inkjet printing of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)nanosheets fabricated by liquid-phase exfoliation(LPE)allows simple,mass-producible,and low-cost photo-electronic devices.Many LPE processes involve toxic and environmentally hazardous solvents;however,dispersants have restricted the extent of applications of 2D-TMD inks.Herein,various 2D-TMD nanosheets,including MoS2,MoSe2,WS2,and WSe2,in addition to few-layered graphene,are inkjet-printed using a LPE process based on zwitterionic dispersants in water.Zwitterions with cationic and anionic species are water-soluble,while alkyl chain moieties associated with two ionic species adhere universally on the surface of TMD nanosheets,resulting in high throughput liquid exfoliation of the nanosheets.The zwitterion-assisted TMD nanosheets in water are successtully employed as an ink without the need for additives to adjust the viscosity and surface tension of the ink for use in an office inkjet printer;this gives rise to A4 scale,large-area inkjet-printed images on diverse substrates,such as metals,oxides,and polymer substrates patchable onto human skin.Combination with conductive graphene nanosheet inks allowed the development of mechanically flexible,biocompatible-printed arrays of photodetectors with pixelated MoSe2 channels on a paper exhibiting a photocurrent ON/OFF ratio of approximately 1038 and photocurrent switching of 500 ms.
基金partly supported by DOD award#W81XWH-19-1-0427(to GD).
文摘Aim:The development of chemotherapy resistance is the major obstacle in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer(PCa).Extracellular vesicles(EVs)secretion plays a significant role among different mechanisms contributing to chemoresistance.Hence,inhibition of EVs release may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs against PCa.Methods:Paclitaxel(PTX)resistant PCa cells(PC3-R and DU145-R)were treated with GW4869,a known exosome biogenesis inhibitor.EVs were isolated from the conditioned media by ExoQuick-based precipitation method and characterized for concentration and size distribution by nanoparticle tracking analysis.The effect of GW4869 treatment on the survival and growth of PCa cells was assessed by MTT,and colony formation assays in vitro,and ectopic PC3-R xenografts in male athymic nude mice in vivo.The effect of other EV biogenesis inhibitors,imipramine and dimethyl amiloride(DMA),treatment was also analyzed on the survival of PC3-R cells.Results:GW4869(10-20μM)treatment of PTX resistant PCa cells significantly reduced the release of small EVs(50-100 nm size range)while increasing the release of larger EVs(>150 nm in size),and inhibited their clonogenicity.Moreover,GW4869(5-20μM)treatment(24-72h)significantly inhibited the survival of PC3-R cells in a dose-dependent manner.We observed a similar growth inhibition with both imipramine(5-20μg/mL)and DMA(5-20μg/mL)treatment in PC3-R cells.Furthermore,GW4869 treatment(IP)in mice bearing PC3-R xenografts significantly reduced the tumor weight(65%reduction,P=0.017)compared to the vehicle-treated control mice without causing any noticeable toxicity.Conclusion:Inhibiting the release of EVs could sensitize the resistant PCa cells to chemotherapy.
文摘Stevia is well-known for its unique non-caloric intense sweetness and recognising as one of the most acceptable sweeteners.Therefore,quality control and metabolite profiling perspectives,two isocratic reverse-phase UPLC-PDA-ELSD-MS methods were developed to determine nine diterpene glycosides(method A)and isomeric compounds(steviol and isosteviol;method B).Both the methods were validated and found as per the ICH guidelines for accuracy(recovery),precision(Intraday,interday,and intermediate precision),linearity,and regression coefficient(r2),ruggedness(eluent concentration±2 mM,column oven temperature±3℃ and retention time),and system suitability(theoretical plate count,asymmetric factor,injection precision and resolution).LOD for steviol and its glycosides were found between 0.92 and 5.22μg/mL while LOQ were 2.78-18.29μg/mL,respectively.Validated methods had shown only the presence of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudina samples while LC-ESI-MS/MS revealed the identification of 46 different class of molecules.These methods will be helpful to monitor quality in Stevia production and its derived products.
