Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are an increasing public health concern due to their rising incidence-particularly among individuals under 60 years of age-their frequent late-stage diagnosis,and their poor prognosis,with a...Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are an increasing public health concern due to their rising incidence-particularly among individuals under 60 years of age-their frequent late-stage diagnosis,and their poor prognosis,with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%and a median overall survival(OS)of around 12 months(1,2).BTCs originate from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts or the gallbladder.This anatomical heterogeneity is compounded by diverse risk factors,resulting in a complex disease landscape at the molecular level.Over the past decade,significant progress has been made in unraveling the molecular characteristics of these neoplasms,enabling advances in selected tumor subgroups through the development of targeted therapies and personalized medicine approaches(e.g.,FGFR2 fusions,IDH1 mutations,HER2 amplification or overexpression,BRAF mutations)(3,4).Despite these advances in molecularly defined subsets,the vast majority of patients with BTC still face dismal outcomes,underscoring the urgent need for effective systemic strategies accessible to all patients,not only to biomarker-selected minorities.展开更多
文摘Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are an increasing public health concern due to their rising incidence-particularly among individuals under 60 years of age-their frequent late-stage diagnosis,and their poor prognosis,with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%and a median overall survival(OS)of around 12 months(1,2).BTCs originate from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts or the gallbladder.This anatomical heterogeneity is compounded by diverse risk factors,resulting in a complex disease landscape at the molecular level.Over the past decade,significant progress has been made in unraveling the molecular characteristics of these neoplasms,enabling advances in selected tumor subgroups through the development of targeted therapies and personalized medicine approaches(e.g.,FGFR2 fusions,IDH1 mutations,HER2 amplification or overexpression,BRAF mutations)(3,4).Despite these advances in molecularly defined subsets,the vast majority of patients with BTC still face dismal outcomes,underscoring the urgent need for effective systemic strategies accessible to all patients,not only to biomarker-selected minorities.
