Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a disorder of the retina in neonates.If ROP is not treated at early stage,neonates’vision is affected,leading to blindness.It is necessary to diagnose and treat ROP at earliest.Sever...Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a disorder of the retina in neonates.If ROP is not treated at early stage,neonates’vision is affected,leading to blindness.It is necessary to diagnose and treat ROP at earliest.Several ROP assessment techniques based on Image analysis have been introduced in recent years.These studies identify only normal,abnormal,and plus disease.This research article explores the identification of distinct ROP stages along with normal and abnormal detection.Detecting the stages will help to expedite the treatment and prevent vision loss.The proposed framework consists of feature extraction using scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT)and pyramid histogram of words(PHOW)techniques.Three efficient supervised machine learning algorithms,namely random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),and extreme boosting gradient(XGBoost),are used to classify different stages of ROP.A dataset captured by RetCam 3 is used to evaluate the model.Based on rigorous evaluation,the accuracy of different ROP stages is 93.68%,83.33%,85.71%,55.55%,and 100%for normal,stage 1,stage 2,stage 3,and stage 4,respectively.展开更多
AIM:To compare the use of vildagliptin and sulfonylurea with or without metformin in Indian Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,fasting during Ramadan.METHODS:This was a 4-wk,multicenter,non-interventional,o...AIM:To compare the use of vildagliptin and sulfonylurea with or without metformin in Indian Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,fasting during Ramadan.METHODS:This was a 4-wk,multicenter,non-interventional,open-label,observational study.Incidence of hypoglycemic events(HEs),adverse events,and changes in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),fasting plasma glucose,postprandial plasma glucose and body weight were measured pre-and post-Ramadan.RESULTS:Totally,97 patients were recruited and all completed the study(vildagliptin group,n=55;sulfonylurea group,n=42).HEs were reported in low frequencies in both the vildagliptin and the sulfonylurea groups[0 vs 2(4.8%)patients,respectively].Interestingly,HbA1c reduced by-0.43%(-4.71 mmol/mol)in the vildagliptin group[8.75%(72.10 mmol/mol)to8.32%(67.38 mmol/mol),P=0.009]while in the sulfonylurea group there was a small increase by 0.01%[0.08 mmol/mol;8.64%(70.92 mmol/mol)to 8.65%(71.00 mmol/mol),P=0.958].Higher percentage of vildagliptin-treated patients achieved HbA1c<7.0%(<53 mmol/mol)compared with sulfonylurea(16.4%vs4.8%).Mean decrease in the body weight was 1.2 kg and 0.03 kg,respectively(P<0.001).Both treatment groups were well tolerated during Ramadan.CONCLUSION:Vildagliptin is an attractive treatment option for Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are fasting during Ramadan.展开更多
文摘Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a disorder of the retina in neonates.If ROP is not treated at early stage,neonates’vision is affected,leading to blindness.It is necessary to diagnose and treat ROP at earliest.Several ROP assessment techniques based on Image analysis have been introduced in recent years.These studies identify only normal,abnormal,and plus disease.This research article explores the identification of distinct ROP stages along with normal and abnormal detection.Detecting the stages will help to expedite the treatment and prevent vision loss.The proposed framework consists of feature extraction using scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT)and pyramid histogram of words(PHOW)techniques.Three efficient supervised machine learning algorithms,namely random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),and extreme boosting gradient(XGBoost),are used to classify different stages of ROP.A dataset captured by RetCam 3 is used to evaluate the model.Based on rigorous evaluation,the accuracy of different ROP stages is 93.68%,83.33%,85.71%,55.55%,and 100%for normal,stage 1,stage 2,stage 3,and stage 4,respectively.
基金Supported by Novartis Healthcare Private Limited,India
文摘AIM:To compare the use of vildagliptin and sulfonylurea with or without metformin in Indian Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,fasting during Ramadan.METHODS:This was a 4-wk,multicenter,non-interventional,open-label,observational study.Incidence of hypoglycemic events(HEs),adverse events,and changes in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),fasting plasma glucose,postprandial plasma glucose and body weight were measured pre-and post-Ramadan.RESULTS:Totally,97 patients were recruited and all completed the study(vildagliptin group,n=55;sulfonylurea group,n=42).HEs were reported in low frequencies in both the vildagliptin and the sulfonylurea groups[0 vs 2(4.8%)patients,respectively].Interestingly,HbA1c reduced by-0.43%(-4.71 mmol/mol)in the vildagliptin group[8.75%(72.10 mmol/mol)to8.32%(67.38 mmol/mol),P=0.009]while in the sulfonylurea group there was a small increase by 0.01%[0.08 mmol/mol;8.64%(70.92 mmol/mol)to 8.65%(71.00 mmol/mol),P=0.958].Higher percentage of vildagliptin-treated patients achieved HbA1c<7.0%(<53 mmol/mol)compared with sulfonylurea(16.4%vs4.8%).Mean decrease in the body weight was 1.2 kg and 0.03 kg,respectively(P<0.001).Both treatment groups were well tolerated during Ramadan.CONCLUSION:Vildagliptin is an attractive treatment option for Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are fasting during Ramadan.
