Objective: To examine the seroprevalence, correlates and characteristics of Celiac disease (CD) in a population sample of a Northern Central Area of Italy, by a monocenter retrospective study. Methods: Between 2006 an...Objective: To examine the seroprevalence, correlates and characteristics of Celiac disease (CD) in a population sample of a Northern Central Area of Italy, by a monocenter retrospective study. Methods: Between 2006 and 2010, serum samples of 9371 subjects (age range 6 months to 91 years) were screened for tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (IgA-tTG) by the Immunologia-Allergologia Unit of AUSL1 Massa-Carrara, an area with a population of approximately 150,000. Endomysial IgA antibodies (EMA), HLA typing and small-bowel biopsy were also performed when indicated. Results: Of the 9371 subjects, 269 (2.87%) had positive antibody tests. The population was divided into several age groups and the highest prevalence (5.63%) was found in the 6 months-3 years group. The prevalence of IgA-tTG positivity was double in females compared to males. All IgA-tTG positive patients that were genotyped carried HLA-DQ2 or DQ8, none was a5 positive only. In positive IgA-tTG sera, levels of IgA-tTG were significantly higher in EMA positive than in EMA negative sera (p in children and in adults. Ninety-five/269 IgA-tTG positive subjects underwent biopsy. IgA-tTG levels were different according to the histological degree of the lesion. When EMA were evaluated in IgA-tTG positive subjects the number of EMA negative sera was significantly higher in adults than in children. Conclusions: In summary, this study provides a monocenter retrospective analysis of serological, histological and genetic parameters of subjects with suspicion of CD in an area of Northern Central Italy from 2006 to 2010.展开更多
Layered van der Waals(vdW)materials have emerged as a promising platform for nanophotonics due to large refractive indexes and giant optical anisotropy.Unlike conventional dielectrics and semiconductors,the absence of...Layered van der Waals(vdW)materials have emerged as a promising platform for nanophotonics due to large refractive indexes and giant optical anisotropy.Unlike conventional dielectrics and semiconductors,the absence of covalent bonds between layers allows for novel degrees of freedom in designing optically resonant nanophotonic structures down to the atomic scale:from the precise stacking of vertical heterostructures to controlling the twist angle between crystallographic axes.Specifically,although monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit giant second-order nonlinear responses,their bulk counterparts with 2H stacking possess zero second-order nonlinearity.In this work,we investigate second harmonic generation(SHG)arising from the interface of WS_(2)/MoS_(2)hetero-bilayer thin films with an additional SHG enhancement in nanostructured optical antennas,mediated by both the excitonic resonances and the anapole-driven field enhancement.When both conditions are met,we observe up to 102 SHG signal enhancement,compared to unstructured bilayers,with SHG conversion efficiency reaching≈10^(−7).Our results highlights vdW materials as a platform for designing unique multilayer optical nanostructures and metamaterial,paving the way for advanced applications in nanophotonics and nonlinear optics.展开更多
Metasurfaces offer a unique playground to tailor the electromagnetic field at subwavelength scale to control polarization,wavefront,and nonlinear processes.Tunability of the optical response of these structures is cha...Metasurfaces offer a unique playground to tailor the electromagnetic field at subwavelength scale to control polarization,wavefront,and nonlinear processes.Tunability of the optical response of these structures is challenging due to the nanoscale size of their constitutive elements.A long-sought solution to achieve tunability at the nanoscale is all-optical modulation by exploiting the ultrafast nonlinear response of materials.However,the nonlinear response of materials is inherently very weak,and,therefore,requires optical excitations with large values of fluence.We show that by properly tuning the equilibrium optical response of a nonlocal metasurface,it is possible to achieve sizable variation of the photoinduced out-ofequilibrium optical response on the picosecond timescale employing fluences smaller than 250μJ∕cm^(2),which is 1 order of magnitude lower than previous studies with comparable reflectivity variations in silicon platforms.Our results pave the way to fast devices with large modulation amplitude.展开更多
Shaping the structure of light with flat optical devices has driven significant advancements in our fundamental understanding of light and light-matter interactions,and enabled a broad range of applications,from image...Shaping the structure of light with flat optical devices has driven significant advancements in our fundamental understanding of light and light-matter interactions,and enabled a broad range of applications,from image processing and microscopy to optical communication,quantum information processing,and the manipulation of microparticles.Yet,pushing the boundaries of structured light beyond the linear optical regime remains an open challenge.Nonlinear optical interactions,such as wave mixing in nonlinear flat optics,offer a powerful platform to unlock new degrees of freedom and functionalities for generating and detecting structured light.In this study,we experimentally demonstrate the non-trivial structuring of third-harmonic light enabled by the addition of total angular momentum projection in a nonlinear,isotropic flat optics element—a single thin film of amorphous silicon.We identify the total angular momentum projection and helicity as the most critical properties for analyzing the experimental results.The theoretical approach we propose,supported by numerical simulations,offers quantitative predictions for light structuring through nonlinear wave mixing under various pumping conditions,including vectorial and non-paraxial pump light.Notably,we reveal that the shape of third-harmonic light is highly sensitive to the polarization state of the pump.Our findings demonstrate that harnessing the addition of total angular momentum projection in nonlinear wave mixing can be a powerful strategy for generating and detecting precisely controlled structured light.展开更多
文摘Objective: To examine the seroprevalence, correlates and characteristics of Celiac disease (CD) in a population sample of a Northern Central Area of Italy, by a monocenter retrospective study. Methods: Between 2006 and 2010, serum samples of 9371 subjects (age range 6 months to 91 years) were screened for tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (IgA-tTG) by the Immunologia-Allergologia Unit of AUSL1 Massa-Carrara, an area with a population of approximately 150,000. Endomysial IgA antibodies (EMA), HLA typing and small-bowel biopsy were also performed when indicated. Results: Of the 9371 subjects, 269 (2.87%) had positive antibody tests. The population was divided into several age groups and the highest prevalence (5.63%) was found in the 6 months-3 years group. The prevalence of IgA-tTG positivity was double in females compared to males. All IgA-tTG positive patients that were genotyped carried HLA-DQ2 or DQ8, none was a5 positive only. In positive IgA-tTG sera, levels of IgA-tTG were significantly higher in EMA positive than in EMA negative sera (p in children and in adults. Ninety-five/269 IgA-tTG positive subjects underwent biopsy. IgA-tTG levels were different according to the histological degree of the lesion. When EMA were evaluated in IgA-tTG positive subjects the number of EMA negative sera was significantly higher in adults than in children. Conclusions: In summary, this study provides a monocenter retrospective analysis of serological, histological and genetic parameters of subjects with suspicion of CD in an area of Northern Central Italy from 2006 to 2010.
基金Funded by the European Union(ERC,METANEXT,101078018 and EIC,NEHO,101046329)Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s)only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union,the European Research Council Executive Agency,or the European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency(EISMEA).Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.This work was also funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy(EXC 2089/1-390776260)+7 种基金Sachbeihilfe MA 4699/7-1 and the Emmy Noether program(TI 1063/1)the Bavarian program Solar Energies Go Hybrid(SolTech)and the Center for NanoScience(CeNS)L.S.acknowledges funding support through a Humboldt Research Fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt FoundationA.To.acknowledges the financial support from the European Union through”FESR o FSE,PON Ricerca e Innovazione 2014-2020-DM 1062/2021”the University of Palermo through”Fondo Finalizzato alla Ricerca di Ateneo 2024(FFR2024)”This work was partially supported by the European Union under the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan(NRRP)of Next Generation EU,of partnership on“Telecommunications of the Future”(PE00000001-program“RESTART”)S2 SUPER-Programmable Networks,Cascade project PRISM-CUP:C79J24000190004.C.D.A.and P.F.acknowledge the financial support from the European Union”METAFAST”H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2020 project,grant agreement no.899673from Ministero Italiano dell’Istruzione(MIUR)through the”METEOR”project PRIN-20202020EY2LJT_002.
文摘Layered van der Waals(vdW)materials have emerged as a promising platform for nanophotonics due to large refractive indexes and giant optical anisotropy.Unlike conventional dielectrics and semiconductors,the absence of covalent bonds between layers allows for novel degrees of freedom in designing optically resonant nanophotonic structures down to the atomic scale:from the precise stacking of vertical heterostructures to controlling the twist angle between crystallographic axes.Specifically,although monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit giant second-order nonlinear responses,their bulk counterparts with 2H stacking possess zero second-order nonlinearity.In this work,we investigate second harmonic generation(SHG)arising from the interface of WS_(2)/MoS_(2)hetero-bilayer thin films with an additional SHG enhancement in nanostructured optical antennas,mediated by both the excitonic resonances and the anapole-driven field enhancement.When both conditions are met,we observe up to 102 SHG signal enhancement,compared to unstructured bilayers,with SHG conversion efficiency reaching≈10^(−7).Our results highlights vdW materials as a platform for designing unique multilayer optical nanostructures and metamaterial,paving the way for advanced applications in nanophotonics and nonlinear optics.
基金the support of the Russian Science Foundation(Grant No.22-1200204)the financial support from the European Community through the“METAFAST”Project(H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2020,Grant No.899673)+4 种基金the Ministero Italiano dell’Istruzione(MIUR)through the“METEOR”Project(No.PRIN-2020,2020EYLJT_002)the European Union for the financial support through“FESR o FSE,PON Ricerca e Innovazione 2014-2020-DM 1062/2021”the University of Palermo through“Fondo Finalizzato alla Ricerca di Ateneo 2023.”financial support from the European Union,Nextgeneration EU,MUR D.M 737/2021through the Project“Eurostart22”(No.PRJ-0988)
文摘Metasurfaces offer a unique playground to tailor the electromagnetic field at subwavelength scale to control polarization,wavefront,and nonlinear processes.Tunability of the optical response of these structures is challenging due to the nanoscale size of their constitutive elements.A long-sought solution to achieve tunability at the nanoscale is all-optical modulation by exploiting the ultrafast nonlinear response of materials.However,the nonlinear response of materials is inherently very weak,and,therefore,requires optical excitations with large values of fluence.We show that by properly tuning the equilibrium optical response of a nonlocal metasurface,it is possible to achieve sizable variation of the photoinduced out-ofequilibrium optical response on the picosecond timescale employing fluences smaller than 250μJ∕cm^(2),which is 1 order of magnitude lower than previous studies with comparable reflectivity variations in silicon platforms.Our results pave the way to fast devices with large modulation amplitude.
基金supported by the European Union under the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan(NRRP)of NextGenerationEU,of partnership on“Telecommunications of the Future”(PE00000001-program“RESTART”)S2 SUPER-Programmable Networks,Cascade project PRISM-CUP:C79J24000190004+1 种基金Cascade project SMART-CUP:Smart Metasurfaces Advancing Radio Technology(SMART),PRIN 2020 project METEOR(2020EY2LJT)METAFAST project that received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under Grant Agreement No.899673.
文摘Shaping the structure of light with flat optical devices has driven significant advancements in our fundamental understanding of light and light-matter interactions,and enabled a broad range of applications,from image processing and microscopy to optical communication,quantum information processing,and the manipulation of microparticles.Yet,pushing the boundaries of structured light beyond the linear optical regime remains an open challenge.Nonlinear optical interactions,such as wave mixing in nonlinear flat optics,offer a powerful platform to unlock new degrees of freedom and functionalities for generating and detecting structured light.In this study,we experimentally demonstrate the non-trivial structuring of third-harmonic light enabled by the addition of total angular momentum projection in a nonlinear,isotropic flat optics element—a single thin film of amorphous silicon.We identify the total angular momentum projection and helicity as the most critical properties for analyzing the experimental results.The theoretical approach we propose,supported by numerical simulations,offers quantitative predictions for light structuring through nonlinear wave mixing under various pumping conditions,including vectorial and non-paraxial pump light.Notably,we reveal that the shape of third-harmonic light is highly sensitive to the polarization state of the pump.Our findings demonstrate that harnessing the addition of total angular momentum projection in nonlinear wave mixing can be a powerful strategy for generating and detecting precisely controlled structured light.
