Limited availability of organic matter is a problem to sustain crop growth on sodic soil. Organic soil amendments are a costeffective source of nutrients to enhance crop growth. A field study was conducted to evaluate...Limited availability of organic matter is a problem to sustain crop growth on sodic soil. Organic soil amendments are a costeffective source of nutrients to enhance crop growth. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an organic soil amendment bioaugmented with plant growth-promoting fungi(SF_(OA) ) in combination with gypsum on soil properties and growth and yield attributes of Withania somnifera, one of the most valuable crops of the traditional medicinal system in the world, on a sodic soil at the Aurawan Research Farm of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. The SF_(OA) used was prepared by pre-enriching farm waste vermicompost with plant growth-promoting fungi before mixing with pressmud and Azadirachta indica seed cake. The application of SF_(OA) at 10 Mg ha^(-1)after gypsum(25.0 Mg ha^(-1)) treatment significantly(P < 0.05) increased root length(by 96%) and biomass(by 125%) of Withania plants compared to the control without SF_(OA) and gypsum. Similarly, the highest withanolide contents were observed in leaves and roots of Withania plants under 10 Mg ha^(-1)SF_(OA) and gypsum. Combined application of SF_(OA) and gypsum also improved physical, chemical and enzymatic properties of the soil, with the soil bulk density decreasing by 25%, water-holding capacity increasing by 121%, total organic C increasing by 90%, p H decreasing by 17% and alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase and cellulase activities increasing by 54%, 128%, 81% and 96%, respectively, compared to those of the control. These showed that application of the SF_(OA) tested in this study might reclaim sodic soil and further support Withania cultivation and results were better when the SF_(OA) was applied after gypsum treatment.展开更多
In this paper, the boundary value problems for nonlinear third order differential equations are treated. A generic approach based on nonpolynomial quintic spline is developed to solve such boundary value problem. We s...In this paper, the boundary value problems for nonlinear third order differential equations are treated. A generic approach based on nonpolynomial quintic spline is developed to solve such boundary value problem. We show that the approximate solutions of such problems obtained by the numerical algorithm developed using nonpolynomial quintic spline functions are better than those produced by other numerical methods. The algorithm is tested on a problem to demonstrate the practical usefulness of the approach.展开更多
Extremely toxic cyanide-contaminated wastewater discharged from steel industries poses serious environmental and health risks. Cyanide removal through physical and chemical treatments has cost-intensive operational ch...Extremely toxic cyanide-contaminated wastewater discharged from steel industries poses serious environmental and health risks. Cyanide removal through physical and chemical treatments has cost-intensive operational challenges. Microbial bioremediation is cost-effective and environment friendly. As microorganisms can degrade cyanide by utilizing it as a source of nitrogen and converting it into less toxic compounds such as ammonia, this study was planned to get metagenomic data first and then potential microbial strains from the contaminated samples. In this study, wastewater samples from the equalizer and the sludge thickener tank of a steel wastewater treatment plant showed high cyanide concentration (mg/L) of 21.6 and 27.59, respectively. The free form of cyanide was predominant as the wastewater pH was ≥ 9. The contents of anions (F^(-), Cl^(-), NO_(2)^(-), Br^(-), NO_(3)^(-), SO_(4)^(2-)) and elements (Na, Al, K, Fe) were also on the higher side. The metagenomic study revealed microbial community structure and taxonomic abundance with dominance of cyanide-degrading bacterial genera in the wastewaters, viz., Bordetella, Achromobacter, Pseudomonas, and Burkholderia, providing an opportunity to screen and obtain the efficient CN-degrading strains. Bacteria belonging to the phylum Deinococcus and the genus Mesorhizobium were reported for the first time from cyanide-contaminated water. Also, functional analysis showed high prevalence of genes encoding enzymes critical to cyanide degradation pathways e.g., rhodanese, nitrilase, nitrile hydratase, amidase, cyanide-insensitive terminal oxidase, and malate:quinone oxidoreductase. Eight distinct alkaliphilic cyanotropic microorganisms were successfully isolated and shown to degrade cyanide effectively at pH 9.5, indicating their metabolic adaptation to cyanide toxicity and alkaline stress. These findings can lead to a microbial technology against cyanide contamination.展开更多
Avalanche activities in the Indian Himalaya cause the majority of fatalities and responsible for heavy damage to the property.Avalanche susceptibility maps assist decision-makers and planners to execute suitable measu...Avalanche activities in the Indian Himalaya cause the majority of fatalities and responsible for heavy damage to the property.Avalanche susceptibility maps assist decision-makers and planners to execute suitable measures to reduce the avalanche risk.In the present study,a probabilistic data-driven geospatial fuzzy–frequency ratio(fuzzy–FR)model is proposed and developed for avalanche susceptibility mapping,especially for the large undocumented region.The fuzzy–FR model for avalanche susceptibility mapping is initially developed and applied for Lahaul-Spiti region.The fuzzy–FR model utilized the six avalanche occurrence factors(i.e.slope,aspect,curvature,elevation,terrain roughness and vegetation cover)and one referent avalanche inventory map to generate the avalanche susceptibility map.Amongst 292 documented avalanche locations from the avalanche inventory map,233(80%)were used for training the model and remaining 59(20%)were used for validation of the map.The avalanche susceptibility map is validated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC-AUC)technique.For validation of the results using ROC-AUC technique,the success rate and prediction rate were calculated.The values of success rate and prediction rate were 94.07%and 91.76%,respectively.The validation of results using ROC-AUC indicated the fuzzy–FR model is appropriate for avalanche susceptibility mapping.展开更多
The main aim of this paper is to develop an approach based on trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to optimize transportation problem in fuzzy environment.The present algorithm has representation of availability,demand and trans...The main aim of this paper is to develop an approach based on trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to optimize transportation problem in fuzzy environment.The present algorithm has representation of availability,demand and transportation cost as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.This algorithm is found quicker in terms of runtime as comparison to fuzzy VAM discussed in[Kaur A.,Kumar A.,A new method for solving fuzzy transportation problem using ranking function,Appl.Math.Model.35:5652–5661,2011;Ismail Mohideen S.,Senthil Kumar P.,A comparative study on transportation problem in fuzzy environment,Int.J.Math.Res.2:151–158,2010].On the other hand this technique gives much better results than some classical methods like north-west corner and least cost method.Another benefit of this algorithm is that for certain transportation problems it directly gives optimal solution.It is one of the simplest methods to apply and perceive.Practical usefulness of the new method over other existing methods is demonstrated with two numerical examples.展开更多
Tsunami early warning systems have provided to be the extreme importance after the tsunami that hit Japan in March 2011.This research article presents a case study based on the tsunami detection using Bottom Pressure ...Tsunami early warning systems have provided to be the extreme importance after the tsunami that hit Japan in March 2011.This research article presents a case study based on the tsunami detection using Bottom Pressure Rate(BPR)measurement and the post the analysis using the SAR datasets.A final decision based system using BPR has been studied to carry out the measurements of tsunami wave parameters.SAR based study has also been carried out for the post tsunami studies.Wiener filters are utilized to remove the speckle noise presents in imagery.Future scope of this work has also been proposed.展开更多
This paper proposes the mathematical model to investigate how to compute and analyze the tsunami wave parameters and the retrieval of its early warning using remote sensing technique to improve the detection rate.The ...This paper proposes the mathematical model to investigate how to compute and analyze the tsunami wave parameters and the retrieval of its early warning using remote sensing technique to improve the detection rate.The different methods available for the evaluation of the tsunami detection systems are also introduced.This research work is to compute and analyze the tsunami wave parameters such as Eigen functions in deep,intermediate and shallow water regions.The computational and algorithmic analysis of tsunami wave parameters are achieved in three steps:the first step is to calculate the earthquake fault parameters such as length,width,area and displacement from the epicenter,which corresponds to the effect of its variation with respect to the earthquake magnitude.The variation of each fault parameters have been measured and recorded out over the certain moment of magnitudes(M).This shows smaller values as compared to the earthquake magnitude M 9.5 at which all the parameters shows very large response.The second step involves the measurements of water wave angular frequency in deep,intermediate and shallower region of ocean.The values of angular frequencies in deep water shows the lesser response as compared to other two water conditions because,in deep water the angular velocity of water particles travels with the lesser speed as compared to the shallower region as per Airy’s wave theory.The simulation results show the angular velocity in Deep Ocean is very less,moderate in the intermediate water and very high on the coastal region.It indicates the higher impact on coastal region.The third step involves the simulation study of measurement of tsunami Eigen functions such as orbital velocity,acceleration,wave potential in deep,intermediate and shallower water regions.The simulation result shows the resultant orbital velocity and accelerations in deep,intermediate and shallow water regions provides the similar response as angular velocity due to same proportion of the water displacement from deep to coastal regions.Hence the dynamic forces are very high approximately 1 km from the beaches.Once the Tsunami waves approaches to the beach,wave height increases whereas particle acceleration decreases because near the coast,due to geological structure of the earth’s surface,inertia and gravity forces increase to the extreme limits,while particle acceleration and velocity values reach close to zero.The wave potential Eigen function has also been plotted and measured with respect to the water depth condition and the similar response is obtained in the simulation result.The validation of each result has also been presented with the standard simulated data,which shows the results as less than 10%of the accuracy.展开更多
A numerical algorithm is developed for the approximation of the solution to certain boundary value problems involving the third-order ordinary differential equation associated with draining and coating flows. The auth...A numerical algorithm is developed for the approximation of the solution to certain boundary value problems involving the third-order ordinary differential equation associated with draining and coating flows. The authors show that the approximate so- lutions obtained by the numerical algorithm developed by using uonpolynomial quintic spline functions ave better than those produced by other spline and domain decomposition methods. The algorithm is tested on two problems associated with draining and coating flows to demonstrate the practical usefulness of the approach.展开更多
This study helps to select the length for fuzzy sets in fuzzy time series prediction.In order to examine the effect of intervals and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm,numerical data of water recharge a...This study helps to select the length for fuzzy sets in fuzzy time series prediction.In order to examine the effect of intervals and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm,numerical data of water recharge and discharge are considered to predict water table elevation fluctuation(WTEF).Particle swarm optimization(PSO)is an influential tool to handle optimization of multi-model problems,whereas fuzzy logic can handle uncertainty.In this paper,adaptive inertia weights are adopted rather than static inertia weights for PSO,which further improves efficiency of PSO.This modified PSO is termed as adaptive particle swarm optimization(APSO).APSO optimizes the intervals and these intervals are further used to generate fuzzy sets for prediction.The results indicate that the APSO performs better than PSO and genetic algorithm approaches for the same problem.展开更多
In the present worldwide scenario,plenty of problems arising in science and engineering which can be modeled as differential equations and out of these,autonomous system has become a subject of great interest.Several ...In the present worldwide scenario,plenty of problems arising in science and engineering which can be modeled as differential equations and out of these,autonomous system has become a subject of great interest.Several laws of physics in which time is considered as an independent variable are expressed as autonomous systems.In this paper,Runge–Kutta(RK)three-stage geometric mean method is used to solve the initial value problem arises in autonomous systems.The method is discussed in detail,convergence of method is discussed,the accuracy and efficiency of the method are proved by considering a numerical example.The result is compared to some other methods and proposed method is found to be more efficient.The detailed analysis of error estimation confirms that proposed method is more efficient as compared to other methods.展开更多
文摘Limited availability of organic matter is a problem to sustain crop growth on sodic soil. Organic soil amendments are a costeffective source of nutrients to enhance crop growth. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an organic soil amendment bioaugmented with plant growth-promoting fungi(SF_(OA) ) in combination with gypsum on soil properties and growth and yield attributes of Withania somnifera, one of the most valuable crops of the traditional medicinal system in the world, on a sodic soil at the Aurawan Research Farm of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. The SF_(OA) used was prepared by pre-enriching farm waste vermicompost with plant growth-promoting fungi before mixing with pressmud and Azadirachta indica seed cake. The application of SF_(OA) at 10 Mg ha^(-1)after gypsum(25.0 Mg ha^(-1)) treatment significantly(P < 0.05) increased root length(by 96%) and biomass(by 125%) of Withania plants compared to the control without SF_(OA) and gypsum. Similarly, the highest withanolide contents were observed in leaves and roots of Withania plants under 10 Mg ha^(-1)SF_(OA) and gypsum. Combined application of SF_(OA) and gypsum also improved physical, chemical and enzymatic properties of the soil, with the soil bulk density decreasing by 25%, water-holding capacity increasing by 121%, total organic C increasing by 90%, p H decreasing by 17% and alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase and cellulase activities increasing by 54%, 128%, 81% and 96%, respectively, compared to those of the control. These showed that application of the SF_(OA) tested in this study might reclaim sodic soil and further support Withania cultivation and results were better when the SF_(OA) was applied after gypsum treatment.
文摘In this paper, the boundary value problems for nonlinear third order differential equations are treated. A generic approach based on nonpolynomial quintic spline is developed to solve such boundary value problem. We show that the approximate solutions of such problems obtained by the numerical algorithm developed using nonpolynomial quintic spline functions are better than those produced by other numerical methods. The algorithm is tested on a problem to demonstrate the practical usefulness of the approach.
基金the Director, CSIRNational Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, India for providing all the necessary facilities and financial support (No. OLP0116) to conduct the studyAnita Gupta also acknowledges AcSIR for the PhD program (AcSIR Enrollment No. 10BB21J25053).
文摘Extremely toxic cyanide-contaminated wastewater discharged from steel industries poses serious environmental and health risks. Cyanide removal through physical and chemical treatments has cost-intensive operational challenges. Microbial bioremediation is cost-effective and environment friendly. As microorganisms can degrade cyanide by utilizing it as a source of nitrogen and converting it into less toxic compounds such as ammonia, this study was planned to get metagenomic data first and then potential microbial strains from the contaminated samples. In this study, wastewater samples from the equalizer and the sludge thickener tank of a steel wastewater treatment plant showed high cyanide concentration (mg/L) of 21.6 and 27.59, respectively. The free form of cyanide was predominant as the wastewater pH was ≥ 9. The contents of anions (F^(-), Cl^(-), NO_(2)^(-), Br^(-), NO_(3)^(-), SO_(4)^(2-)) and elements (Na, Al, K, Fe) were also on the higher side. The metagenomic study revealed microbial community structure and taxonomic abundance with dominance of cyanide-degrading bacterial genera in the wastewaters, viz., Bordetella, Achromobacter, Pseudomonas, and Burkholderia, providing an opportunity to screen and obtain the efficient CN-degrading strains. Bacteria belonging to the phylum Deinococcus and the genus Mesorhizobium were reported for the first time from cyanide-contaminated water. Also, functional analysis showed high prevalence of genes encoding enzymes critical to cyanide degradation pathways e.g., rhodanese, nitrilase, nitrile hydratase, amidase, cyanide-insensitive terminal oxidase, and malate:quinone oxidoreductase. Eight distinct alkaliphilic cyanotropic microorganisms were successfully isolated and shown to degrade cyanide effectively at pH 9.5, indicating their metabolic adaptation to cyanide toxicity and alkaline stress. These findings can lead to a microbial technology against cyanide contamination.
基金Defence Research&Development Organisation(DRDO)Ministry of Defence,Government of India for providing funds under Project IABP/HimUdaan,No.IF-10/SAS-42,dated 30 September 2011 to carry out this research work.
文摘Avalanche activities in the Indian Himalaya cause the majority of fatalities and responsible for heavy damage to the property.Avalanche susceptibility maps assist decision-makers and planners to execute suitable measures to reduce the avalanche risk.In the present study,a probabilistic data-driven geospatial fuzzy–frequency ratio(fuzzy–FR)model is proposed and developed for avalanche susceptibility mapping,especially for the large undocumented region.The fuzzy–FR model for avalanche susceptibility mapping is initially developed and applied for Lahaul-Spiti region.The fuzzy–FR model utilized the six avalanche occurrence factors(i.e.slope,aspect,curvature,elevation,terrain roughness and vegetation cover)and one referent avalanche inventory map to generate the avalanche susceptibility map.Amongst 292 documented avalanche locations from the avalanche inventory map,233(80%)were used for training the model and remaining 59(20%)were used for validation of the map.The avalanche susceptibility map is validated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC-AUC)technique.For validation of the results using ROC-AUC technique,the success rate and prediction rate were calculated.The values of success rate and prediction rate were 94.07%and 91.76%,respectively.The validation of results using ROC-AUC indicated the fuzzy–FR model is appropriate for avalanche susceptibility mapping.
文摘The main aim of this paper is to develop an approach based on trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to optimize transportation problem in fuzzy environment.The present algorithm has representation of availability,demand and transportation cost as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.This algorithm is found quicker in terms of runtime as comparison to fuzzy VAM discussed in[Kaur A.,Kumar A.,A new method for solving fuzzy transportation problem using ranking function,Appl.Math.Model.35:5652–5661,2011;Ismail Mohideen S.,Senthil Kumar P.,A comparative study on transportation problem in fuzzy environment,Int.J.Math.Res.2:151–158,2010].On the other hand this technique gives much better results than some classical methods like north-west corner and least cost method.Another benefit of this algorithm is that for certain transportation problems it directly gives optimal solution.It is one of the simplest methods to apply and perceive.Practical usefulness of the new method over other existing methods is demonstrated with two numerical examples.
文摘Tsunami early warning systems have provided to be the extreme importance after the tsunami that hit Japan in March 2011.This research article presents a case study based on the tsunami detection using Bottom Pressure Rate(BPR)measurement and the post the analysis using the SAR datasets.A final decision based system using BPR has been studied to carry out the measurements of tsunami wave parameters.SAR based study has also been carried out for the post tsunami studies.Wiener filters are utilized to remove the speckle noise presents in imagery.Future scope of this work has also been proposed.
文摘This paper proposes the mathematical model to investigate how to compute and analyze the tsunami wave parameters and the retrieval of its early warning using remote sensing technique to improve the detection rate.The different methods available for the evaluation of the tsunami detection systems are also introduced.This research work is to compute and analyze the tsunami wave parameters such as Eigen functions in deep,intermediate and shallow water regions.The computational and algorithmic analysis of tsunami wave parameters are achieved in three steps:the first step is to calculate the earthquake fault parameters such as length,width,area and displacement from the epicenter,which corresponds to the effect of its variation with respect to the earthquake magnitude.The variation of each fault parameters have been measured and recorded out over the certain moment of magnitudes(M).This shows smaller values as compared to the earthquake magnitude M 9.5 at which all the parameters shows very large response.The second step involves the measurements of water wave angular frequency in deep,intermediate and shallower region of ocean.The values of angular frequencies in deep water shows the lesser response as compared to other two water conditions because,in deep water the angular velocity of water particles travels with the lesser speed as compared to the shallower region as per Airy’s wave theory.The simulation results show the angular velocity in Deep Ocean is very less,moderate in the intermediate water and very high on the coastal region.It indicates the higher impact on coastal region.The third step involves the simulation study of measurement of tsunami Eigen functions such as orbital velocity,acceleration,wave potential in deep,intermediate and shallower water regions.The simulation result shows the resultant orbital velocity and accelerations in deep,intermediate and shallow water regions provides the similar response as angular velocity due to same proportion of the water displacement from deep to coastal regions.Hence the dynamic forces are very high approximately 1 km from the beaches.Once the Tsunami waves approaches to the beach,wave height increases whereas particle acceleration decreases because near the coast,due to geological structure of the earth’s surface,inertia and gravity forces increase to the extreme limits,while particle acceleration and velocity values reach close to zero.The wave potential Eigen function has also been plotted and measured with respect to the water depth condition and the similar response is obtained in the simulation result.The validation of each result has also been presented with the standard simulated data,which shows the results as less than 10%of the accuracy.
文摘A numerical algorithm is developed for the approximation of the solution to certain boundary value problems involving the third-order ordinary differential equation associated with draining and coating flows. The authors show that the approximate so- lutions obtained by the numerical algorithm developed by using uonpolynomial quintic spline functions ave better than those produced by other spline and domain decomposition methods. The algorithm is tested on two problems associated with draining and coating flows to demonstrate the practical usefulness of the approach.
文摘This study helps to select the length for fuzzy sets in fuzzy time series prediction.In order to examine the effect of intervals and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm,numerical data of water recharge and discharge are considered to predict water table elevation fluctuation(WTEF).Particle swarm optimization(PSO)is an influential tool to handle optimization of multi-model problems,whereas fuzzy logic can handle uncertainty.In this paper,adaptive inertia weights are adopted rather than static inertia weights for PSO,which further improves efficiency of PSO.This modified PSO is termed as adaptive particle swarm optimization(APSO).APSO optimizes the intervals and these intervals are further used to generate fuzzy sets for prediction.The results indicate that the APSO performs better than PSO and genetic algorithm approaches for the same problem.
文摘In the present worldwide scenario,plenty of problems arising in science and engineering which can be modeled as differential equations and out of these,autonomous system has become a subject of great interest.Several laws of physics in which time is considered as an independent variable are expressed as autonomous systems.In this paper,Runge–Kutta(RK)three-stage geometric mean method is used to solve the initial value problem arises in autonomous systems.The method is discussed in detail,convergence of method is discussed,the accuracy and efficiency of the method are proved by considering a numerical example.The result is compared to some other methods and proposed method is found to be more efficient.The detailed analysis of error estimation confirms that proposed method is more efficient as compared to other methods.
