OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effect of total glucosides of paeony(TGP) based on toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) mediated tumor necrosis factor(TNF) receptor-asso...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effect of total glucosides of paeony(TGP) based on toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) mediated tumor necrosis factor(TNF) receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) pathway activation in rats with rheumatoid arthritis.METHODS: Adjuvant arthritis(AA) model was developed by complete freund’s adjuvant(CFA) immunization. TGP(100, 50, 25 mg/kg) and celecoxib(2.8 mg/kg) were administered by intragastric administration for 21 d. Right hind paw swelling was assessed every 2 d. After 21 d, synovial changes of the ankle were detected by histopathology. CD4+and CD8+ T cell amounts in peripheral blood were measured by flow-cytometrically. Gene and protein levels of toll-like receptor(TLR)2, TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6(FASLG)in the spleen were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western Bolt, respectively. Nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 was detected by NF-κB p65 Assay Kit.RESULTS: Paw swelling and synovium lesions were obviously aggravated in AA rats. These symptoms were significantly relieved by TGP.The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cell was increased in AA rats, while TGP reduced this increased ratio.Gene and protein levels of splenic TLR2, TFAR6 and FASLG, and nuclear NF-κB p65 in AA rats were significantly increased, but overtly inhibited by TGP.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that TGP’s anti-inflammatory effect onRA in rats with CFA may be related to the downregulation of TLR2/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway and the regulation of T cell subsets.展开更多
This paper presents a new method for simulating the evolution of a gully head in a loess catchment with cellular automata(CA) based on the Fisher discriminant. The experimental site is an indoor loess catchment that w...This paper presents a new method for simulating the evolution of a gully head in a loess catchment with cellular automata(CA) based on the Fisher discriminant. The experimental site is an indoor loess catchment that was constructed in a fixed-intensity rainfall erosion test facility. Nine high-resolution digital elevation model(DEM) data sets were gathered by close range photogrammetry during different phases of the experiment. To simulate the evolution of the catchment gully head, we assumed the following. First, the 5th and 6th DEM data sets were used as a data source for acquiring the location of the catchment gully head and for obtaining spatial variables with GIS spatial analysis tools. Second, the Fisher discriminant was used to calculate the weight of the spatial variables to determine the transition probabilities. Third, CA model was structured to simulate the evolution of the gully head by iterative looping. The status of the cell in the CA models was dynamically updated at the end of each loop to obtain realistic results. Finally, the nearest neighbor, G-function, K-function, Moran′s I and fractal indexes were used to evaluate the model results. Overall, the CA model can be used to simulate the evolution of a loess gully head. The experiment demonstrated the advantages of the CA model which can simulate the dynamic evolution of gully head evolution in a catchment.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81273900):Studies on Epigenetic Mechanisms Associated with the Classical Decoction of HanBi(Wutou Decoction)and ReBi(Baihu Plus Guizhi Decoction)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773972):Based on succinate/GPR91 Pathway Connected Abnormal Glucose Metabolism Exacerbates Inflammation to Investigate the"Dispelling Pyretic Arthralgia"Mechanism of Baihu Guizhi Decoction
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effect of total glucosides of paeony(TGP) based on toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) mediated tumor necrosis factor(TNF) receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) pathway activation in rats with rheumatoid arthritis.METHODS: Adjuvant arthritis(AA) model was developed by complete freund’s adjuvant(CFA) immunization. TGP(100, 50, 25 mg/kg) and celecoxib(2.8 mg/kg) were administered by intragastric administration for 21 d. Right hind paw swelling was assessed every 2 d. After 21 d, synovial changes of the ankle were detected by histopathology. CD4+and CD8+ T cell amounts in peripheral blood were measured by flow-cytometrically. Gene and protein levels of toll-like receptor(TLR)2, TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6(FASLG)in the spleen were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western Bolt, respectively. Nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 was detected by NF-κB p65 Assay Kit.RESULTS: Paw swelling and synovium lesions were obviously aggravated in AA rats. These symptoms were significantly relieved by TGP.The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cell was increased in AA rats, while TGP reduced this increased ratio.Gene and protein levels of splenic TLR2, TFAR6 and FASLG, and nuclear NF-κB p65 in AA rats were significantly increased, but overtly inhibited by TGP.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that TGP’s anti-inflammatory effect onRA in rats with CFA may be related to the downregulation of TLR2/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway and the regulation of T cell subsets.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41171320,41101349)National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program(No.201210319025)
文摘This paper presents a new method for simulating the evolution of a gully head in a loess catchment with cellular automata(CA) based on the Fisher discriminant. The experimental site is an indoor loess catchment that was constructed in a fixed-intensity rainfall erosion test facility. Nine high-resolution digital elevation model(DEM) data sets were gathered by close range photogrammetry during different phases of the experiment. To simulate the evolution of the catchment gully head, we assumed the following. First, the 5th and 6th DEM data sets were used as a data source for acquiring the location of the catchment gully head and for obtaining spatial variables with GIS spatial analysis tools. Second, the Fisher discriminant was used to calculate the weight of the spatial variables to determine the transition probabilities. Third, CA model was structured to simulate the evolution of the gully head by iterative looping. The status of the cell in the CA models was dynamically updated at the end of each loop to obtain realistic results. Finally, the nearest neighbor, G-function, K-function, Moran′s I and fractal indexes were used to evaluate the model results. Overall, the CA model can be used to simulate the evolution of a loess gully head. The experiment demonstrated the advantages of the CA model which can simulate the dynamic evolution of gully head evolution in a catchment.
