传统网络依赖人工配置,在应对规模激增、需求复杂化及实时性要求提升的现代网络环境时,效率低下且成本高昂.大语言模型(Large Language Model,LLM)凭借其出色的自然语言理解能力,在网络自动化配置中展现出巨大的潜力.面向软件定义网络(S...传统网络依赖人工配置,在应对规模激增、需求复杂化及实时性要求提升的现代网络环境时,效率低下且成本高昂.大语言模型(Large Language Model,LLM)凭借其出色的自然语言理解能力,在网络自动化配置中展现出巨大的潜力.面向软件定义网络(Software Defined Networking,SDN),本文提出了一种基于LLM的轻量级自动化配置方法.在数据平面,提出了一种基于检索增强生成(Retrieval-Augmented Generation,RAG)技术的代码自动生成方法RetroP4,支持基于用户意图生成P4代码;在控制平面,提出了一种基于任务分解的流表自动生成方法CtrlSynth,支持基于用户意图和数据平面P4代码生成流表配置.实验结果表明:相较于通用大模型,RetroP4生成的P4代码的语法正确性提高了25%,语义正确性提高了87.5%;CtrlSynth能够准确生成与P4代码匹配的流表信息,在流量意图不超过300条时,准确率可达100%.展开更多
可编程数据平面(Programmable Data Plane,PDP)允许用户自定义网络设备的数据包处理方式,支持定制化网络操作,利用PDP的特性实施网络防御,在实时性、灵活性、扩展性等方面取得了良好效果,近年来受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注。本文以基...可编程数据平面(Programmable Data Plane,PDP)允许用户自定义网络设备的数据包处理方式,支持定制化网络操作,利用PDP的特性实施网络防御,在实时性、灵活性、扩展性等方面取得了良好效果,近年来受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注。本文以基于PDP的网络防御技术为主要研究内容,首先介绍了PDP的基本概念,并结合典型案例阐述其应用于网络防御的优势;随后根据实施网络防御的阶段,将基于PDP的网络防御技术分为防护技术、检测技术、响应技术3大类,对各类方案的现有研究进行深入分析、概括总结,归纳不同方法的优缺点;最后,本文对基于PDP的网络防御技术未来的研究方向进行展望。展开更多
Regulatory T cells(Treg cells)are a specialized subset of CD4+T cells defined by expression of the lineage-specifying transcription factor FOXP3 and a potent capacity to maintain peripheral immune tolerance.The modern...Regulatory T cells(Treg cells)are a specialized subset of CD4+T cells defined by expression of the lineage-specifying transcription factor FOXP3 and a potent capacity to maintain peripheral immune tolerance.The modern concept of Tregs was catalyzed by Shimon Sakaguchi's identification of CD4+CD25+suppressive T cells and subsequent work establishing FOXP3 as a central determinant of Treg cell development and function;together with landmark FOXP3 genetic discoveries by Mary E.Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell,these advances transformed understanding of immune homeostasis and were recognized by the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Under normal physiological conditions,FOXP3+Treg cells restrain autoreactive lymphocytes,prevent excessive inflammation,and shape antigen-presenting cell activity through contact-dependent pathways and suppressive cytokines,thereby protecting tissues from immune-mediated damage.Disruption of Treg abundance,stability,or suppressive capacity can therefore lead to immune dysregulation and disease.Over the past two decades,Treg cells have become a major focus of immunology because their roles are highly context-dependent.In autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases,impaired Treg cell function or insufficient Treg activity contributes to loss of tolerance and persistent tissue injury,supporting therapeutic approaches designed to enhance Treg cell number,stability,and suppressive potency.In contrast,many cancers exploit Treg cells by promoting their expansion,activation,and recruitment into the tumor microenvironment(TME),where they blunt antitumor immunity by suppressing cytotoxic T-cell priming and effector function,limiting dendritic cell activation,and fostering immune escape.In both settings,immune checkpoint pathways critically influence Treg cell biology.Beyond PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4,emerging checkpoints and costimulatory receptors,including TIGIT,TIM-3,LAG-3,and OX40,modulate Treg cell generation,stability,and suppressive functions,thereby shaping the balance between tolerance and immunity.Meanwhile,immunometabolic adaptations further tune Treg cell fitness and function in inflamed tissues and tumors;lipid utilization and mitochondrial programs,among other metabolic axes,enable Treg cells to persist in nutrient-and oxygen-restricted microenvironments,while microenvironmental stress can drive functional remodeling or fragility in a subset-dependent manner.In this review,we summarize the discovery and defining biological features of Treg cells,highlight core suppressive mechanisms and regulatory circuits,and synthesize evidence for the dual roles of Treg cells in preventing autoimmunity yet enabling tumor immune evasion.We further outline current and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at augmenting Treg cell activity to restore tolerance in autoimmune disease,or selectively depleting,functionally inhibiting,and reprogramming tumor-resident Treg cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Overall we discuss how deeper insight into Treg heterogeneity,checkpoint control,and immunometabolic regulation may enable more precise Treg celldirected interventions and inform next-generation immunotherapeutic combinations across immune-mediated and malignant diseases.展开更多
The island coal face arises in coal mines with the purpose of preventing gas explosion or maintaining the balance between mining and tunneling. However, its particular stress conditions in the surrounding rock may inc...The island coal face arises in coal mines with the purpose of preventing gas explosion or maintaining the balance between mining and tunneling. However, its particular stress conditions in the surrounding rock may increase the difficulty of stress control in the coal face and in its mining roadways, especially when the coal seam, the roof, and the floor have rock-burst propensities, The high energy accumulated in the island coal face and in its roof and floor will intensify rock-burst propensity or even induce rock burst, which further result in great casualties and financial losses. Taking island coal face 2321 in Jinqiao coal mine as a case, we propose a method for the prediction of rock-burst-threatened areas in an island coal face with weak rock-burst propensity. Based on the anaHysis of the movement of the overlying roof and characteristics of stress distribution, this method combined numerical simulation with drilling bits to ensure the prediction accuracy. The effects of coal pillars with different widths on the mitigation of stress concentration in the coal face and on the prevention of rock burst are analyzed together with the mech- anism behind. Finally, corresponding measures against the rock burst in the island coal face are proposed.展开更多
文摘传统网络依赖人工配置,在应对规模激增、需求复杂化及实时性要求提升的现代网络环境时,效率低下且成本高昂.大语言模型(Large Language Model,LLM)凭借其出色的自然语言理解能力,在网络自动化配置中展现出巨大的潜力.面向软件定义网络(Software Defined Networking,SDN),本文提出了一种基于LLM的轻量级自动化配置方法.在数据平面,提出了一种基于检索增强生成(Retrieval-Augmented Generation,RAG)技术的代码自动生成方法RetroP4,支持基于用户意图生成P4代码;在控制平面,提出了一种基于任务分解的流表自动生成方法CtrlSynth,支持基于用户意图和数据平面P4代码生成流表配置.实验结果表明:相较于通用大模型,RetroP4生成的P4代码的语法正确性提高了25%,语义正确性提高了87.5%;CtrlSynth能够准确生成与P4代码匹配的流表信息,在流量意图不超过300条时,准确率可达100%.
文摘可编程数据平面(Programmable Data Plane,PDP)允许用户自定义网络设备的数据包处理方式,支持定制化网络操作,利用PDP的特性实施网络防御,在实时性、灵活性、扩展性等方面取得了良好效果,近年来受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注。本文以基于PDP的网络防御技术为主要研究内容,首先介绍了PDP的基本概念,并结合典型案例阐述其应用于网络防御的优势;随后根据实施网络防御的阶段,将基于PDP的网络防御技术分为防护技术、检测技术、响应技术3大类,对各类方案的现有研究进行深入分析、概括总结,归纳不同方法的优缺点;最后,本文对基于PDP的网络防御技术未来的研究方向进行展望。
文摘Regulatory T cells(Treg cells)are a specialized subset of CD4+T cells defined by expression of the lineage-specifying transcription factor FOXP3 and a potent capacity to maintain peripheral immune tolerance.The modern concept of Tregs was catalyzed by Shimon Sakaguchi's identification of CD4+CD25+suppressive T cells and subsequent work establishing FOXP3 as a central determinant of Treg cell development and function;together with landmark FOXP3 genetic discoveries by Mary E.Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell,these advances transformed understanding of immune homeostasis and were recognized by the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Under normal physiological conditions,FOXP3+Treg cells restrain autoreactive lymphocytes,prevent excessive inflammation,and shape antigen-presenting cell activity through contact-dependent pathways and suppressive cytokines,thereby protecting tissues from immune-mediated damage.Disruption of Treg abundance,stability,or suppressive capacity can therefore lead to immune dysregulation and disease.Over the past two decades,Treg cells have become a major focus of immunology because their roles are highly context-dependent.In autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases,impaired Treg cell function or insufficient Treg activity contributes to loss of tolerance and persistent tissue injury,supporting therapeutic approaches designed to enhance Treg cell number,stability,and suppressive potency.In contrast,many cancers exploit Treg cells by promoting their expansion,activation,and recruitment into the tumor microenvironment(TME),where they blunt antitumor immunity by suppressing cytotoxic T-cell priming and effector function,limiting dendritic cell activation,and fostering immune escape.In both settings,immune checkpoint pathways critically influence Treg cell biology.Beyond PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4,emerging checkpoints and costimulatory receptors,including TIGIT,TIM-3,LAG-3,and OX40,modulate Treg cell generation,stability,and suppressive functions,thereby shaping the balance between tolerance and immunity.Meanwhile,immunometabolic adaptations further tune Treg cell fitness and function in inflamed tissues and tumors;lipid utilization and mitochondrial programs,among other metabolic axes,enable Treg cells to persist in nutrient-and oxygen-restricted microenvironments,while microenvironmental stress can drive functional remodeling or fragility in a subset-dependent manner.In this review,we summarize the discovery and defining biological features of Treg cells,highlight core suppressive mechanisms and regulatory circuits,and synthesize evidence for the dual roles of Treg cells in preventing autoimmunity yet enabling tumor immune evasion.We further outline current and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at augmenting Treg cell activity to restore tolerance in autoimmune disease,or selectively depleting,functionally inhibiting,and reprogramming tumor-resident Treg cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Overall we discuss how deeper insight into Treg heterogeneity,checkpoint control,and immunometabolic regulation may enable more precise Treg celldirected interventions and inform next-generation immunotherapeutic combinations across immune-mediated and malignant diseases.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51304208 and 51474208)
文摘The island coal face arises in coal mines with the purpose of preventing gas explosion or maintaining the balance between mining and tunneling. However, its particular stress conditions in the surrounding rock may increase the difficulty of stress control in the coal face and in its mining roadways, especially when the coal seam, the roof, and the floor have rock-burst propensities, The high energy accumulated in the island coal face and in its roof and floor will intensify rock-burst propensity or even induce rock burst, which further result in great casualties and financial losses. Taking island coal face 2321 in Jinqiao coal mine as a case, we propose a method for the prediction of rock-burst-threatened areas in an island coal face with weak rock-burst propensity. Based on the anaHysis of the movement of the overlying roof and characteristics of stress distribution, this method combined numerical simulation with drilling bits to ensure the prediction accuracy. The effects of coal pillars with different widths on the mitigation of stress concentration in the coal face and on the prevention of rock burst are analyzed together with the mech- anism behind. Finally, corresponding measures against the rock burst in the island coal face are proposed.
