Objective:To determine the relationship of the capacity to produce interferon gamma(IFN-γ) in whole blood,bacteriological,hematological,radiographic and clinical presentations in new,HIV seronegative cases of pulmona...Objective:To determine the relationship of the capacity to produce interferon gamma(IFN-γ) in whole blood,bacteriological,hematological,radiographic and clinical presentations in new,HIV seronegative cases of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB).Methods:80 cases and 50 control subjects aged 15 years onwards,representative of Kasturba Hospital and Nursing schools of Wardha district of Maharashtra state in India were examined for their health condition with standard methodology.Results:Among these TB patients,73.8%were Quantiferon-TB gold (QFT) positive with IFN-γconcentration as 0.35 IU or more and there was none in healthy controls.The mean IFN-γconcentrations varied between 9.58 IU(50-59 yrs) and 2.58 IU(≥60 yrs),showing no trend.The differences in positivity and mean IFN-γconcentrations were statistically insignificant.Both the QFT positivity and IFN-γconcentrations were higher in normal lymphocyte percent as compared to below and above normal,but differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions:The IFN-γconcentrations are not correlated with any of the predictors of disease severity studied,the levels are significantly higher in observation group as compared to healthy group.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the paper is to see how educational and working status of the parents affect the nutritional and immunization status of preschool children in India.Methods:We have used data of more than 24 000 pr...Objective:The aim of the paper is to see how educational and working status of the parents affect the nutritional and immunization status of preschool children in India.Methods:We have used data of more than 24 000 preschool children spread over different states in India.The data were collected by National Family Health Survey(NFHS-2) in 1998-99.For assessing the nutritional status,only the Z-scores of weight-forheight (WHZ) have been computed and for immunization status,it has been seen whether BCG,DPT3,Polio3 and measles have been administered.Children who fall below -2SD(-3SD) from median are considered to be moderately(severely) malnourished.Results:According to the NFHS-2 data,70%of children are vaccinated by BCG,50%receive the full course of DPT,54%get all the three dozes of polio and only 42%are protected from measles by vaccination in India.The percentages of moderately and severely wasted children in India are 12.1 and 2.8,respectively.There is a marked regional variation of these percentages.Bivariate and multivariate analysis clearly points to the need of educational status of mothers rather than fathers for proper nutritional and immunization status of preschool children.Parents’occupation and working status also have some effect,but not so pronounced as parents’education.Conclusion:The Indian preschool children need particular attention for high risk of wasting and low immunization.The prevalence of malnutrition can be arrested more by improving the mother’s education level rather than their fathers and by raising the standard of living of their house-holds.展开更多
Objective:To study the extent of undernutrition at district level and the socio-economic determinants of underweight children aged 0-71 months in West Bengal.Methods:The data were accessed from the Reproductive and Ch...Objective:To study the extent of undernutrition at district level and the socio-economic determinants of underweight children aged 0-71 months in West Bengal.Methods:The data were accessed from the Reproductive and Child Health Survey(RCHS-II),which contained information of 7 SSO children and their parents.Information of socio-economic variables about the associated families of these children had also been taken for our study.This study computed weight-for-age z-scores to assess the nutritional status of the children using WHO(2006) reference.Results:The prevalence of underweight varied over the districts.Districts with very high prevalence of underweight children were Murshidabad,Burdwan,Purulia,Medinipur, Howrah and South 24 Parganas.High prevalent districts for both boys and girls were Jalpaiguri and Coochbihar.Low prevalent districts for both boys and girls were South Dinajpur,Nadia and Kolkata.The percentage of underweight children were more in rural areas among Muslim families with illiterate parents and low standard of living.In Murshidabad,Bankura,Nadia, Medinipur and South 24 Parganas districts,i.e.,where prevalence of underweight children were higher,the rural and urban differences were less.The characteristics like religion,parents’ educational status and standard of living index showed significant effect on the children’s weights.Conclusions:Public intervention programs on the parent’s education and the standard of living of the households at district level should be given high priority to combat the children’s undernutrition problems so far as weight for age is concerned.展开更多
文摘Objective:To determine the relationship of the capacity to produce interferon gamma(IFN-γ) in whole blood,bacteriological,hematological,radiographic and clinical presentations in new,HIV seronegative cases of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB).Methods:80 cases and 50 control subjects aged 15 years onwards,representative of Kasturba Hospital and Nursing schools of Wardha district of Maharashtra state in India were examined for their health condition with standard methodology.Results:Among these TB patients,73.8%were Quantiferon-TB gold (QFT) positive with IFN-γconcentration as 0.35 IU or more and there was none in healthy controls.The mean IFN-γconcentrations varied between 9.58 IU(50-59 yrs) and 2.58 IU(≥60 yrs),showing no trend.The differences in positivity and mean IFN-γconcentrations were statistically insignificant.Both the QFT positivity and IFN-γconcentrations were higher in normal lymphocyte percent as compared to below and above normal,but differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions:The IFN-γconcentrations are not correlated with any of the predictors of disease severity studied,the levels are significantly higher in observation group as compared to healthy group.
文摘Objective:The aim of the paper is to see how educational and working status of the parents affect the nutritional and immunization status of preschool children in India.Methods:We have used data of more than 24 000 preschool children spread over different states in India.The data were collected by National Family Health Survey(NFHS-2) in 1998-99.For assessing the nutritional status,only the Z-scores of weight-forheight (WHZ) have been computed and for immunization status,it has been seen whether BCG,DPT3,Polio3 and measles have been administered.Children who fall below -2SD(-3SD) from median are considered to be moderately(severely) malnourished.Results:According to the NFHS-2 data,70%of children are vaccinated by BCG,50%receive the full course of DPT,54%get all the three dozes of polio and only 42%are protected from measles by vaccination in India.The percentages of moderately and severely wasted children in India are 12.1 and 2.8,respectively.There is a marked regional variation of these percentages.Bivariate and multivariate analysis clearly points to the need of educational status of mothers rather than fathers for proper nutritional and immunization status of preschool children.Parents’occupation and working status also have some effect,but not so pronounced as parents’education.Conclusion:The Indian preschool children need particular attention for high risk of wasting and low immunization.The prevalence of malnutrition can be arrested more by improving the mother’s education level rather than their fathers and by raising the standard of living of their house-holds.
文摘Objective:To study the extent of undernutrition at district level and the socio-economic determinants of underweight children aged 0-71 months in West Bengal.Methods:The data were accessed from the Reproductive and Child Health Survey(RCHS-II),which contained information of 7 SSO children and their parents.Information of socio-economic variables about the associated families of these children had also been taken for our study.This study computed weight-for-age z-scores to assess the nutritional status of the children using WHO(2006) reference.Results:The prevalence of underweight varied over the districts.Districts with very high prevalence of underweight children were Murshidabad,Burdwan,Purulia,Medinipur, Howrah and South 24 Parganas.High prevalent districts for both boys and girls were Jalpaiguri and Coochbihar.Low prevalent districts for both boys and girls were South Dinajpur,Nadia and Kolkata.The percentage of underweight children were more in rural areas among Muslim families with illiterate parents and low standard of living.In Murshidabad,Bankura,Nadia, Medinipur and South 24 Parganas districts,i.e.,where prevalence of underweight children were higher,the rural and urban differences were less.The characteristics like religion,parents’ educational status and standard of living index showed significant effect on the children’s weights.Conclusions:Public intervention programs on the parent’s education and the standard of living of the households at district level should be given high priority to combat the children’s undernutrition problems so far as weight for age is concerned.
