The growth of multi-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability under multiple impingements and the effect of initial shock strength on the growth of RMI are numerically investigated. We obtain the time evolution of turbulent ...The growth of multi-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability under multiple impingements and the effect of initial shock strength on the growth of RMI are numerically investigated. We obtain the time evolution of turbulent mixing zone width for initial shock with different strength. The results show that the turbulent mixing zone width grows in a different manner at different stage but strictly in a similar way for the initial shock with different strength. Also, the initial shock strength has a significant effect on the growth rate of turbulent mixing zone width, especially before reshock, but can not change the growth laws in the whole process.展开更多
Plant architecture includes vital traits that influence and benefit crops,and economically important trees.Different plant architectures provide natural beauty.Weeping ornamental plants are aesthetically appealing to ...Plant architecture includes vital traits that influence and benefit crops,and economically important trees.Different plant architectures provide natural beauty.Weeping ornamental plants are aesthetically appealing to people.The regulatory mechanism controlling the weeping trait is poorly understood in crape myrtle.To investigate the weeping trait mechanism,transcriptional profiling of different organs in weeping and upright crape myrtle was performed based on phenotype.Phenotypic and histological analyses demonstrated that endodermal cells were absent,and that new shoot phenotypes could be rescued by the GA3 treatment of weeping plants.The transcriptional analysis and coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)of differentially expressed genes indicated that GA synthesis and signal transduction pathways play a role in weeping traits.When the expression level of a negative element of GA signaling,LfiGRAS1,was reduced by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),new branches grew in infected plants in a negatively geotropic manner.An integrated analysis implied that GA had a strong influence on weeping crape myrtle by interacting with other factors.This study helps to elucidate the mechanism governing the weeping trait and can improve the efficiency of breeding in Lagerstroemia.展开更多
Devonian cutinitic liptobiolith is a special type of coal formed during the early evolutionary stage of land plants.The Baishaping and Damaidi Devonian coals are notable for their distinct papery,sheet-like texture,an...Devonian cutinitic liptobiolith is a special type of coal formed during the early evolutionary stage of land plants.The Baishaping and Damaidi Devonian coals are notable for their distinct papery,sheet-like texture,and unusually high cutinite content(>50%),belonging to typical cutinitic liptobiolith.They are bituminous coals and have a suppressed vitrinite reflectance.Compared with typical typeⅢkerogen,these liptobioliths are characterized by extremely high yields of volatile matter and high hydrogen contents owing to their enhanced cutinite contents.As indicated by pyrolysis and elemental analysis results,the Devonian cutinitic liptobioliths are dominated by typeⅠ-Ⅱkerogens and have an excellent potential to generate liquid hydrocarbons.The Baishaping cutinitic liptobioliths are mainly composed of ribbon-like thick-walled cutinites,with small amounts of thin-walled type.Vitrinite is only present in trace amounts and is dominated by telinite.Meanwhile,the Damaidi Devonian coals are primarily composed of ribbon-like thin-walled cutinites,followed by collotelinites which are usually sandwiched by cutinites.The different petrological characteristics of the Baishaping and Damaidi liptobioliths might indicate a structural variation in the coal-forming plant cuticles and two distinct coal-forming conditions.The molecular bio markers in the Devonian coals are mainly composed of C_(18)-C_(20)tetracyclic diterpenoids,which are assumed to be the dominant soluble constituent of the Devonian land-plant cuticles and might have played an important role in early land plant radiation.Other molecules include aromatic tetracyclic diterpenoids,3-5 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their methylated counterparts,and C_(16)-and C_(18)-monocarboxylic acids.n-Alkanes are present only in small amounts.The molecular composition of the cutinite-rich coals is unexpected,because cuticular waxes are one of the most important sources of n-alkanes.In general,the petrology and geochemistry of the Devonian cutinitic liptobiolith indicate a distinct structure and composition for the early land-plant cuticles,which is significantly different from that of the plant cuticles since Carboniferous.Devonian cutinitic liptobioliths are of great interest because of their unique petrography,geochemistry,coal-forming plants,and oil-prone potential.Studies on this unique coal type provide a better understanding of coal-forming plants,paleoenvironment,paleoclimate,and early land-plant evolution in the Devonian.展开更多
Rice sheath blight(RSB)is a major destructive disease impeding rice production.Identifying key germplasm resources with increased resistance remains a challenge.However,the mechanisms underlying disease resistance are...Rice sheath blight(RSB)is a major destructive disease impeding rice production.Identifying key germplasm resources with increased resistance remains a challenge.However,the mechanisms underlying disease resistance are not yet fully understood.Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases(CYP450s)serve biosynthesis and metabolic detoxification functions in plants,but there is limited information about their role in the response induced by RSB.This study demonstrated that CYT02 belongs to the CYP73A100 subfamily and is a typical member of the CYP450s.Overexpression(OE)in rice of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cyt02 conferred increased resistance to RSB and increased vegetative tillering.Cyt02 may increase RSB resistance by regulating plant hormone synthesis,regulate reactive oxygen species(ROS)by coordinating the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and initiate phytoalexin synthesis in response to fungal infection.These research findings have laid a foundation for a deeper understanding of the function of cyt02 and offered a potential target gene for breeding rice varieties resistant to sheath blight.展开更多
Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is a common radio emission,which can contribute to the magnetosphere-ionosphereatmosphere co u pling.Similar emissions have been observed in all magnetic planet magnetospheres of the...Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is a common radio emission,which can contribute to the magnetosphere-ionosphereatmosphere co u pling.Similar emissions have been observed in all magnetic planet magnetospheres of the solar system.In this study,using observations from the FAST satellite from 30 August 1996 to 9 September 2001,the distribution of AKR in altitude=500-4500 km and invariant latitude (|ILAT|)=60°-80°has been analyzed.63045 AKR samples have been identified with~48%(52%) samples on the dayside (nightside).Of considerable interest,there is a distinct MLT asymmetry with the high occurrence rate in MLT=05-08 and 18-22(02-05 and 12-17) in the northern (southern) hemisphere.The distinct MLT asymmetry is associated with the direction of Bxof the interplaneta ry magnetic field.In addition,the occurrence rate on the nightside clearly increases as the AE^(*) index increases.This study further enriches the information and understanding of AKR in the magnetosphere as well as other similar radio emissions.展开更多
The report of the Educational sector in China advocates modern education technology,and now a new round of curriculum reform has thoroughly revised the curriculum standards of middle school students in various subject...The report of the Educational sector in China advocates modern education technology,and now a new round of curriculum reform has thoroughly revised the curriculum standards of middle school students in various subjects,and penetrated modern educational technology into the teaching of various subjects.In recent years,the education department has raised the importance of vocational education,changed the concept of education for teachers and students,vocational education is in the fastest-growing period,the majority of secondary vocational education students has greatly improved,the curriculum is colorful.We should make good use of all kinds of the up-to-dated educational technologies in various subjects.However,in the process of education,the basic level of secondary vocational students is relatively poor phenomenon slowly appeared,which is a common problem in secondary vocational education,so we should strengthen the modern education technology in English subjects of the value of education.English,like our mother tongue,has a wealth of humanistic knowledge and spiritual connotation.Many English teachers in secondary vocational school simply teach basic English knowledge aspects and English grammars.It only lets the most vocational students to learn only the most basic English textbook knowledge,and then English teachers find many bad aspects,such as:students do not understand foreign culture;Therefore,secondary vocational English teachers in the English classroom to penetrate modern education technology,is the most important measure.So,as an English teacher,how to modernize secondary school students in classroom teaching?This article mainly talks about the teaching of secondary English subjects lack modern education technology and its teaching strategies.展开更多
We demonstrate a new polarization smoothing(PS)approach utilizing residual stress birefringence in fused silica to create a spatially random polarization control plate(SRPCP),thereby improving target illumination unif...We demonstrate a new polarization smoothing(PS)approach utilizing residual stress birefringence in fused silica to create a spatially random polarization control plate(SRPCP),thereby improving target illumination uniformity in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)laser systems.The fundamental operating mechanism and key fabrication techniques for the SRPCP are systematically developed and experimentally validated.The SRPCP converts a linearly polarized 3ω incident laser beam into an output beam with a spatially randomized polarization distribution.When combined with a continuous phase plate,the SRPCP effectively suppresses high-intensity speckles at all spatial frequencies in the focal spot.The proposed PS technique is specifically designed for high-fluence large-aperture laser systems,enabling novel polarization control regimes in laser-driven ICF.展开更多
Background:Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)is a prevalent pediatric condition with a multifactorial etiology.Its incidence varies geographically,with notably higher rates observed on the Xizang plateau.This stu...Background:Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)is a prevalent pediatric condition with a multifactorial etiology.Its incidence varies geographically,with notably higher rates observed on the Xizang plateau.This study was performed to evaluate the lipidomics signatures associated with DDH by analyzing plasma samples.Methods:Fifty infants were recruited,including 25 diagnosed with DDH and 25 age-matched healthy controls.In addition to plasma samples,comprehensive laboratory test results and medical records were collected for each participant.An untargeted lipidomics profiling approach was employed to identify distinguishing metabolic signatures.Results:Lipidomics profiles differed significantly between patients with DDH and healthy controls.Several differential metabolites were identified,including triacylglycerol(TAG)(17:0/18:1/20:1),TAG(17:0/17:0/17:0),phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)(10:0/26:4),TAG(17:0/18:0/18:0),TAG(16:0/17:0/22:1),TAG(16:0/18:0/22:0),TAG(17:0/19:0/19:0),TAG(13:0/20:0/20:0),TAG(18:0/18:0/22:0),and TAG(16:0/20:0/20:0).The primary lipid species showing differences were TAGs and PE.Conclusions:Distinct shifts in lipidomics profiles were observed in infants with DDH.To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first to explore lipidomics signatures in patients with DDH.The combined assessment of TAG(17:0/18:1/20:1)and TAG(17:0/17:0/17:0)may serve as a potential diagnostic tool for DDH.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.I...Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.In this work,we studied the impact of phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent(PSBA)on Cd bioavailability,microbial communities in soil and Cd accumulation in lettuce plants with pot experiment and field trial.Results of pot experiment showed that PSBA could decrease the bioavailability of Cd(Cd-acid extractable from 3.30 to 2.34mg/kg,Cd-reducible from 1.94 to 1.56 mg/kg),promote lettuce plants growth(increased by 33.85%height and by 33.65%fresh weight)and reduce the accumulation of Cd(from 5.85 to 3.73 mg/kg)in lettuce plants.High-throughput sequencing identified that PSBA could change the composition and structure of the soil microbial communities.The relative abundances of the three ecologically beneficial bacterial families of Pseudomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.29%to 5.13%,0.56%to 5.24%,and 1.87%to 16.93%,respectively.And the former two were positively correlated with redox potential(Eh)(R^(2)=0.474,p<0.05,R^(2)=0.590,p<0.01,respectively).The bacterial networks were more complex in PSBA treatment,reflecting through more links(from 1893 to 2185)and a higher average degree(from 38.242 to 45.052)and density(from 0.390 to 0.469).Results of field trial demonstrated that PSBA could also decrease Cd content in lettuce plants and microbial composition in soil.This study indicated that PSBA could be served as an alternative material in bioremediation of Cd contamination in soil.展开更多
In this paper,we focus on compelling evidence showing that MEX3A is significantly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and correlates with poor prognosis.A recent study by Ji et al highlights MEX3A’s role in...In this paper,we focus on compelling evidence showing that MEX3A is significantly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and correlates with poor prognosis.A recent study by Ji et al highlights MEX3A’s role in driving proliferation and migration via the RORA/β-catenin axis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition,positioning it as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.This study addresses a critical gap in understanding HCC pathogenesis and offers valuable mechanistic insights.展开更多
This work established a quantitative method to access the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge(AGS)and validated its feasibility by using the mature AGS from a pilot-scale(50 tons/day)membrane bioreactor(MBR)for...This work established a quantitative method to access the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge(AGS)and validated its feasibility by using the mature AGS from a pilot-scale(50 tons/day)membrane bioreactor(MBR)for treating real municipal wastewater.The results showed that the changing rate( S)of the peak area(S)of granule size distribution(GSD)exhibited an exponential relationship(R^(2)≥0.76)with the shear time(y=a−b·c^(x)),which was a suitable indicative index to reflect the shear stability of different AGS samples.The limiting granule size(LGS)was defined and proposed to characterize the equilibrium size for AGS after being sheared for a period of time,whose value in terms of Dv50 showed high correlation(R^(2)=0.92)with the parameter a.The free Ca^(2+)(28.44-34.21 mg/L)in the influent specifically interacted with polysaccharides(PS)in the granule’s extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)as a nucleation site,thereby inducing the formation of Ca precipitation to enhance its Young’s modulus,while Ca^(2+) primarily interacted with PS in soluble metabolic product(SMP)during the initial granulation process.Furthermore,the Young’s modulus significantly affected the parameter a related to shear stability(R^(2)=0.99).Since the parameter a was more closely related(R^(2)=1.00)to S than that of the parameter b or c,the excellent correlation(R^(2)=0.99)between the parameter a and the wet density further verified the feasibility of this method.展开更多
Covalent organic framework nanosheets(CONs)with porous crystalline features and ultrathin thickness are ideal candidates as membrane building blocks to form well-defined transfer nanochannels.The formidable challenge ...Covalent organic framework nanosheets(CONs)with porous crystalline features and ultrathin thickness are ideal candidates as membrane building blocks to form well-defined transfer nanochannels.The formidable challenge behind self-supporting CONs membrane lies in weak noncovalent interlayer interactions and thus loose stacking,insufficient strength and structure stabilities.Herein,we propose the fabrication of interlayer force-strengthened freestanding CONs membrane through the electrostatic attraction bridge effect of positively-charged amino-rich CONs(CON-NH2)to negatively-charged sulfonated CONs(CON-SO_(3)H).Ultrathin and large lateral sized CON-SO_(3)H and CON-NH2 are synthesized,followed by restacking to prepare freestanding CONs membrane with CON-SO_(3)H as the membrane bulk.Benefiting from effective interlayer interconnection due to strong electrostatic interaction,the obtained CON-SO_(3)H/CON-NH2 membrane displays features of ultrahigh integrity,dense stacking,eminent water/acid/base/organic solvents stabilities and mechanical strength(109 MPa).The shortened-SO_(3)H distance contributes to construct site-continuous transfer pathways,and the deprotonated-SO_(3)H and protonated-NH2 form acid-base pairs to decrease interfacial resistance,which impart membrane superior proton conductivity of 486 mS cm^(-1)(80℃,100%RH).This interlayer force enhancement strategy offers a promising perspective on achieving densely-stacked CONs membrane with ultrahigh mechanical property and conduction performance for fuel cell application.展开更多
BACKGROUND The annual incidence of gastric cancer in elderly patients is increasing.Despite the continuous progress in treatment methods,the prognosis of elderly patients remains poor,and postoperative complications a...BACKGROUND The annual incidence of gastric cancer in elderly patients is increasing.Despite the continuous progress in treatment methods,the prognosis of elderly patients remains poor,and postoperative complications are frequent.Obesity is believed to be associated with the risk of gastric cancer and postoperative prognosis;however,the effect of visceral fat distribution on postoperative complications of gastric cancer in elderly patients remains unclear.AIM To explore the effect of visceral fat distribution on postoperative complications of gastric cancer in elderly patients.METHODS A total of 163 elderly patients treated at the Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University after radical gastrectomy between January 2021 and January 2024 were enrolled.The patients'visceral and subcutaneous fat distributions were measured and divided into a high visceral fat area(VFA-H)group and a low visceral fat area(VFA-L)group,with a critical value of 100 cm^(2).The ttest andχ^(2) test were used to calculate and analyze the relationship between visceral fat area(VFA)and complications.Independent risk factors for postoperative complications were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Compared with the VFA-L group,the incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the VFA-H group(27.8%vs 6.4%,P<0.001),and the operation time was longer(268.55±63.41 vs 224.31±51.89,P<0.001).The amount of blood loss was more(163.77±105.27 mL vs 127.93±98.26 mL,P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis showed that VFA[odds ratio(OR):2.597,95%CI:1.479-4.853,P=0.004],total fat area(OR:1.655,95%CI:1.076-4.040,P=0.013),and the visceral subcutaneous fat area ratio(OR:2.046,95%CI:1.196-5.640,P=0.008)were independent risk factors for postoperative complications.CONCLUSION This study showed that postoperative complications are closely related to fat distribution in elderly patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy.A high VFA is associated by a high incidence of postoperative complications.展开更多
Background:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has long been a difficult therapeutic target to overcome because of its extreme aggressiveness,poor efficacy and rarity of available treatment regimens.To explore the anti...Background:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has long been a difficult therapeutic target to overcome because of its extreme aggressiveness,poor efficacy and rarity of available treatment regimens.To explore the anti-TNBC potential of Caulis Polygoni Multiflori(CPM),this investigation applied an integrated computational and experimental approach.Methods:Bioactive CPM compounds were investigated via screening of three TCM databases(TCMSP,TCMID,and HERB)using Bioavailability(OB≥30%)as inclusion criteria.TNBC targets were obtained from the online resources GeneCards,CTD,and OMIM network pharmacology analysis was used to determine common target(s),utilizing two PPI analysis tools–STRING and Cytoscape.Molecular docking assessed target-compound interactions by means of AutoDock Vina.In vitro studies conducted on MDA-MB-231 cells involved evaluating inhibitory effects via MTT,wound-healing assay,transwell,and qPCR techniques.Results:Six bioactive compounds were identified,with emodin(IC50 approximately 15μM)and chrysophanol(IC50 approximately 25μM)showing strong binding to TNBC targets(emodin-HSP90AB1:−9.42 kcal/mol;chrysophanol-SRC:−8.32 kcal/mol).Network analysis revealed 143 shared targets,with BCL2,EGFR and ESR1 as key nodes.Pathway analysis implicated PI3K-AKT signaling and apoptosis.In vitro,emodin and chrysophanol synergistically inhibited proliferation,migration and invasion,while downregulating BCL2,EGFR and ESR1 expression.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report that describes the synergistic mechanisms of multiple compounds from the extract of CPM in TNBC with chrysophanol and emodin working as the main components by mediating oncogenic pathways.展开更多
Purpose-The rapid development of China’s railway construction has led to an increase in data generated by the high-speed rail(HSR)catenary system.Traditional management methods struggle with challenges such as poor i...Purpose-The rapid development of China’s railway construction has led to an increase in data generated by the high-speed rail(HSR)catenary system.Traditional management methods struggle with challenges such as poor information sharing,disconnected business applications and insufficient intelligence throughout the lifecycle.This study aims to address these issues by applying building information modeling(BIM)technology to improve lifecycle management efficiency for HSR catenary systems.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the lifecycle management needs of catenary engineering,incorporating the intelligent HSR“Model-Data Driven,Axis-Plane Coordination”philosophy,this paper constructs a BIM-based lifecycle management framework for HSR catenary engineering.Findings-This study investigates the full-process lifecycle management of the catenary system across various stages of design,manufacture,construction and operation,exploring integrated BIM models and data transmission methods,along with key technologies for BIM model transmission,transformation and lightweighting.Originality/value-This study establishes a lossless information circulation and transmission system for HSR catenary lifecycle management.Multi-stage applications are verified through the construction of the Chongqing-Kunming High-Speed Railway,comprehensive advancing the intelligent promotion and highquality development of catenary engineering.展开更多
Currently,Robinia pseudoacacia L.is distributed extensively across the Chinese Loess Plateau.Root exudates released by Robinia pseudoacacia L.are one of the mechanisms through which Robinia pseudoacacia L.affects soil...Currently,Robinia pseudoacacia L.is distributed extensively across the Chinese Loess Plateau.Root exudates released by Robinia pseudoacacia L.are one of the mechanisms through which Robinia pseudoacacia L.affects soil properties.However,how root exudates influencethe hydraulic properties of soil remains unclear,especially for fine-grained soils.This knowledge gap impedes a comprehensive understanding of the function of vegetation in wastewater treatment,ecological restoration,and seepage analysis.To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of the root exudates of Robinia pseudoacacia L.on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of loess(a fine-grainedsoil),the saturated hydraulic conductivity,bound water content,grain size distribution,and microstructure characteristics of loess treated with root exudates at varying concentrations were determined in this study through a series of tests.The results show that the mean saturated hydraulic conductivities of the loess specimens with root exudates are all lower than those without root exudates.This phenomenon can be attributed primarily to the capacity of root exudates to directly and indirectly increase the bound water content,leading to a decrease in the effective seepage channels of the loess.For loess with/without root exudates,the variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity over time can be divided into three stages:an initial constant stage,a rapid reduction stage,and a re-stabilization stage.This is primarily attributed to the migration of particles within a specifiedsize range(7-30μm)and pore-clogging in the specimens during the seepage process.A schematic diagram is proposed for the structural evolution of fine-grained soil with or without root exudates during long-term seepage.展开更多
Accurate characterization of three-dimensional burning crack propagation remains pivotal yet challenging for energetic material safety,as conventional diagnostics and models inadequately resolve coupled crack-pressure...Accurate characterization of three-dimensional burning crack propagation remains pivotal yet challenging for energetic material safety,as conventional diagnostics and models inadequately resolve coupled crack-pressure dynamics in confined explosives.This study combines a novel spherical confinement system(with/without sapphire windows)with synchronized high-speed imaging and 3D reconstruction to overcome optical limitations in opaque explosives.Experimental analysis of centrally ignited HMX-based PBX-1 reveals:(1)burning cracks propagate radially with equatorial acceleration and polar deceleration,(2)systematic formation of 3–4 dominant crack branches across geometries,and(3)pressure evolution exhibiting gradual accumulation(subsurface cracking)followed by exponential growth(surface burn-through),with decay governed by cavity expansion.Building on Hill's framework,we develop a model incorporating cavity volume and fracture toughness criteria,validated against PBX explosive(95%HMX-based)experiments.The model demonstrates improved prediction of pressure trends compared to prior approaches,particularly in resolving laminar-phase accumulation and crackinduced surge transitions.Results establish structural cavity volume as a critical modulator of measured pressure and reveal direction-dependent crack kinematics as fundamental features of constrained combustion.This work provides experimentally validated insights into mechanisms of reaction pressure development and burning cracks pathways during constrained PBX explosive combustion.展开更多
Zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) have received increasing attention as energy storage devices owing to their low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,their progress has been hampered by low energy...Zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) have received increasing attention as energy storage devices owing to their low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,their progress has been hampered by low energy and power density,as well as unsatisfactory long-cycle stability,mainly due to the lack of suitable electrode materials.In this context,we have developed manganese single atoms implanted in nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets (MnSAs/NCNs) using a metal salt template method as cathodes for ZIHCs.The metal salt serves a dual purpose in the synthesis process:It facilitates the uniform dispersion of Mn atoms within the carbon matrix and acts as an activating agent to create the porous structure.When applied in ZIHCs,the MnSAs/NCNs electrode demonstrates exceptional performance,including a high capacity of 203 m Ah g^(-1),an energy density of 138 Wh kg^(-1)at 68 W kg^(-1),and excellent cycle stability with 91%retention over 10,000 cycles.Theoretical calculations indicate that the introduced Mn atoms modulate the local charge distribution of carbon materials,thereby improving the electrochemical property.This work demonstrates the significant potential of carbon materials with metal atoms in zinc-ion hybrid capacitors,not only in enhancing electrochemical performance but also in providing new insights and methods for developing high-performance energy storage devices.展开更多
Objective:Lanqin oral liquid(LOL),as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription,has obvious clinical efficacy in the treatment of pharyngeal inflammation.Exploring the distribution of LOL prototype components and met...Objective:Lanqin oral liquid(LOL),as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription,has obvious clinical efficacy in the treatment of pharyngeal inflammation.Exploring the distribution of LOL prototype components and metabolites in plasma is of great significance for understanding potentially effective compounds.The aim of this study is to elucidate the metabolites and main metabolic pathways of LQL in vivo.Methods:In this study,a reliable approach integrated background subtraction and mass defect filtering(MDF),based on quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(QTOF-MS)technology,was performed to systematically scan the metabolites of LOL in rat plasma.In addition,according to the prototype mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern and combined with metabolic pathway analysis,a biotransformation oriented analysis strategy was established and applied to the identification of metabolites in LOL in vivo.Results:As a result,159 compounds(58 prototypes and 101 metabolites)were identified or tentatively characterized in drug-containing plasma,including 74 flavonoids,30 alkaloids,34 terpenoids,five phenylpropanoids,six phenolic acids,five fatty acids,and five other type components.The main metabolic pathways include methylation,demethylation,hydroxylation,hydrogenation,glucuronidation,and sulfation.Conclusions:This study provides an overall characterization of the metabolites of LOL in vivo for the first time,providing a solid material basis for exploring the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of LOL.展开更多
Developing method for strong Si–F σ bond activation is a very important tool in organosilicon transformation chemistry, only few examples of Si–F bond activation are precedent in the literature. Herein, we develope...Developing method for strong Si–F σ bond activation is a very important tool in organosilicon transformation chemistry, only few examples of Si–F bond activation are precedent in the literature. Herein, we developed a new and efficient method to activate strong Si–F bond by transition-metal-free Si–F/Si–H cross coupling reaction catalyzed with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) catalytic system under mild conditions. Various disiloxanes bearing tolerated functional groups were successfully synthesized in moderate to excellent yields from fluorosilanes and hydrosilanes. Moreover, H_(2)O was found to be the oxygen donor in this catalytic system. Density functional theory calculations were performed to verify the mechanism of DBU promoted Si–F/Si–H cross-coupling reactions.展开更多
文摘The growth of multi-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability under multiple impingements and the effect of initial shock strength on the growth of RMI are numerically investigated. We obtain the time evolution of turbulent mixing zone width for initial shock with different strength. The results show that the turbulent mixing zone width grows in a different manner at different stage but strictly in a similar way for the initial shock with different strength. Also, the initial shock strength has a significant effect on the growth rate of turbulent mixing zone width, especially before reshock, but can not change the growth laws in the whole process.
基金supported by the Programme for Science and Technology of Beijing(No.Z181100002418006)the Special Fund for the Beijing Common Construction Project.
文摘Plant architecture includes vital traits that influence and benefit crops,and economically important trees.Different plant architectures provide natural beauty.Weeping ornamental plants are aesthetically appealing to people.The regulatory mechanism controlling the weeping trait is poorly understood in crape myrtle.To investigate the weeping trait mechanism,transcriptional profiling of different organs in weeping and upright crape myrtle was performed based on phenotype.Phenotypic and histological analyses demonstrated that endodermal cells were absent,and that new shoot phenotypes could be rescued by the GA3 treatment of weeping plants.The transcriptional analysis and coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)of differentially expressed genes indicated that GA synthesis and signal transduction pathways play a role in weeping traits.When the expression level of a negative element of GA signaling,LfiGRAS1,was reduced by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),new branches grew in infected plants in a negatively geotropic manner.An integrated analysis implied that GA had a strong influence on weeping crape myrtle by interacting with other factors.This study helps to elucidate the mechanism governing the weeping trait and can improve the efficiency of breeding in Lagerstroemia.
基金founded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42073069)。
文摘Devonian cutinitic liptobiolith is a special type of coal formed during the early evolutionary stage of land plants.The Baishaping and Damaidi Devonian coals are notable for their distinct papery,sheet-like texture,and unusually high cutinite content(>50%),belonging to typical cutinitic liptobiolith.They are bituminous coals and have a suppressed vitrinite reflectance.Compared with typical typeⅢkerogen,these liptobioliths are characterized by extremely high yields of volatile matter and high hydrogen contents owing to their enhanced cutinite contents.As indicated by pyrolysis and elemental analysis results,the Devonian cutinitic liptobioliths are dominated by typeⅠ-Ⅱkerogens and have an excellent potential to generate liquid hydrocarbons.The Baishaping cutinitic liptobioliths are mainly composed of ribbon-like thick-walled cutinites,with small amounts of thin-walled type.Vitrinite is only present in trace amounts and is dominated by telinite.Meanwhile,the Damaidi Devonian coals are primarily composed of ribbon-like thin-walled cutinites,followed by collotelinites which are usually sandwiched by cutinites.The different petrological characteristics of the Baishaping and Damaidi liptobioliths might indicate a structural variation in the coal-forming plant cuticles and two distinct coal-forming conditions.The molecular bio markers in the Devonian coals are mainly composed of C_(18)-C_(20)tetracyclic diterpenoids,which are assumed to be the dominant soluble constituent of the Devonian land-plant cuticles and might have played an important role in early land plant radiation.Other molecules include aromatic tetracyclic diterpenoids,3-5 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their methylated counterparts,and C_(16)-and C_(18)-monocarboxylic acids.n-Alkanes are present only in small amounts.The molecular composition of the cutinite-rich coals is unexpected,because cuticular waxes are one of the most important sources of n-alkanes.In general,the petrology and geochemistry of the Devonian cutinitic liptobiolith indicate a distinct structure and composition for the early land-plant cuticles,which is significantly different from that of the plant cuticles since Carboniferous.Devonian cutinitic liptobioliths are of great interest because of their unique petrography,geochemistry,coal-forming plants,and oil-prone potential.Studies on this unique coal type provide a better understanding of coal-forming plants,paleoenvironment,paleoclimate,and early land-plant evolution in the Devonian.
基金supported by the Sichuan Province International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation(2024YFHZ0299)the Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2022YFH0031)Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau(2024-YF05-02168-SN).
文摘Rice sheath blight(RSB)is a major destructive disease impeding rice production.Identifying key germplasm resources with increased resistance remains a challenge.However,the mechanisms underlying disease resistance are not yet fully understood.Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases(CYP450s)serve biosynthesis and metabolic detoxification functions in plants,but there is limited information about their role in the response induced by RSB.This study demonstrated that CYT02 belongs to the CYP73A100 subfamily and is a typical member of the CYP450s.Overexpression(OE)in rice of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cyt02 conferred increased resistance to RSB and increased vegetative tillering.Cyt02 may increase RSB resistance by regulating plant hormone synthesis,regulate reactive oxygen species(ROS)by coordinating the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and initiate phytoalexin synthesis in response to fungal infection.These research findings have laid a foundation for a deeper understanding of the function of cyt02 and offered a potential target gene for breeding rice varieties resistant to sheath blight.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 42230209,42374215,42304183,72342001,71931003 and 72061147004the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department grants 21A0212the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province under Grants 2022RC4025,2023JJ50312,2023JJ50010.
文摘Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is a common radio emission,which can contribute to the magnetosphere-ionosphereatmosphere co u pling.Similar emissions have been observed in all magnetic planet magnetospheres of the solar system.In this study,using observations from the FAST satellite from 30 August 1996 to 9 September 2001,the distribution of AKR in altitude=500-4500 km and invariant latitude (|ILAT|)=60°-80°has been analyzed.63045 AKR samples have been identified with~48%(52%) samples on the dayside (nightside).Of considerable interest,there is a distinct MLT asymmetry with the high occurrence rate in MLT=05-08 and 18-22(02-05 and 12-17) in the northern (southern) hemisphere.The distinct MLT asymmetry is associated with the direction of Bxof the interplaneta ry magnetic field.In addition,the occurrence rate on the nightside clearly increases as the AE^(*) index increases.This study further enriches the information and understanding of AKR in the magnetosphere as well as other similar radio emissions.
文摘The report of the Educational sector in China advocates modern education technology,and now a new round of curriculum reform has thoroughly revised the curriculum standards of middle school students in various subjects,and penetrated modern educational technology into the teaching of various subjects.In recent years,the education department has raised the importance of vocational education,changed the concept of education for teachers and students,vocational education is in the fastest-growing period,the majority of secondary vocational education students has greatly improved,the curriculum is colorful.We should make good use of all kinds of the up-to-dated educational technologies in various subjects.However,in the process of education,the basic level of secondary vocational students is relatively poor phenomenon slowly appeared,which is a common problem in secondary vocational education,so we should strengthen the modern education technology in English subjects of the value of education.English,like our mother tongue,has a wealth of humanistic knowledge and spiritual connotation.Many English teachers in secondary vocational school simply teach basic English knowledge aspects and English grammars.It only lets the most vocational students to learn only the most basic English textbook knowledge,and then English teachers find many bad aspects,such as:students do not understand foreign culture;Therefore,secondary vocational English teachers in the English classroom to penetrate modern education technology,is the most important measure.So,as an English teacher,how to modernize secondary school students in classroom teaching?This article mainly talks about the teaching of secondary English subjects lack modern education technology and its teaching strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62275235).
文摘We demonstrate a new polarization smoothing(PS)approach utilizing residual stress birefringence in fused silica to create a spatially random polarization control plate(SRPCP),thereby improving target illumination uniformity in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)laser systems.The fundamental operating mechanism and key fabrication techniques for the SRPCP are systematically developed and experimentally validated.The SRPCP converts a linearly polarized 3ω incident laser beam into an output beam with a spatially randomized polarization distribution.When combined with a continuous phase plate,the SRPCP effectively suppresses high-intensity speckles at all spatial frequencies in the focal spot.The proposed PS technique is specifically designed for high-fluence large-aperture laser systems,enabling novel polarization control regimes in laser-driven ICF.
基金graciously funded by the Central Government Guidance Fund for Supporting the Local Science and Technology Development(No.XZ202101YD0002C).
文摘Background:Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH)is a prevalent pediatric condition with a multifactorial etiology.Its incidence varies geographically,with notably higher rates observed on the Xizang plateau.This study was performed to evaluate the lipidomics signatures associated with DDH by analyzing plasma samples.Methods:Fifty infants were recruited,including 25 diagnosed with DDH and 25 age-matched healthy controls.In addition to plasma samples,comprehensive laboratory test results and medical records were collected for each participant.An untargeted lipidomics profiling approach was employed to identify distinguishing metabolic signatures.Results:Lipidomics profiles differed significantly between patients with DDH and healthy controls.Several differential metabolites were identified,including triacylglycerol(TAG)(17:0/18:1/20:1),TAG(17:0/17:0/17:0),phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)(10:0/26:4),TAG(17:0/18:0/18:0),TAG(16:0/17:0/22:1),TAG(16:0/18:0/22:0),TAG(17:0/19:0/19:0),TAG(13:0/20:0/20:0),TAG(18:0/18:0/22:0),and TAG(16:0/20:0/20:0).The primary lipid species showing differences were TAGs and PE.Conclusions:Distinct shifts in lipidomics profiles were observed in infants with DDH.To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first to explore lipidomics signatures in patients with DDH.The combined assessment of TAG(17:0/18:1/20:1)and TAG(17:0/17:0/17:0)may serve as a potential diagnostic tool for DDH.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Programs of Department of Natural Resources of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2020006)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LGF22D030001)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2021C04020)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.In this work,we studied the impact of phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent(PSBA)on Cd bioavailability,microbial communities in soil and Cd accumulation in lettuce plants with pot experiment and field trial.Results of pot experiment showed that PSBA could decrease the bioavailability of Cd(Cd-acid extractable from 3.30 to 2.34mg/kg,Cd-reducible from 1.94 to 1.56 mg/kg),promote lettuce plants growth(increased by 33.85%height and by 33.65%fresh weight)and reduce the accumulation of Cd(from 5.85 to 3.73 mg/kg)in lettuce plants.High-throughput sequencing identified that PSBA could change the composition and structure of the soil microbial communities.The relative abundances of the three ecologically beneficial bacterial families of Pseudomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.29%to 5.13%,0.56%to 5.24%,and 1.87%to 16.93%,respectively.And the former two were positively correlated with redox potential(Eh)(R^(2)=0.474,p<0.05,R^(2)=0.590,p<0.01,respectively).The bacterial networks were more complex in PSBA treatment,reflecting through more links(from 1893 to 2185)and a higher average degree(from 38.242 to 45.052)and density(from 0.390 to 0.469).Results of field trial demonstrated that PSBA could also decrease Cd content in lettuce plants and microbial composition in soil.This study indicated that PSBA could be served as an alternative material in bioremediation of Cd contamination in soil.
基金Supported by Youth Foundation of Henan Scientific Committee,No.202300410416Henan Province Medical Science,Technology Breakthrough Plan Project,No.LHGJ20190033.
文摘In this paper,we focus on compelling evidence showing that MEX3A is significantly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and correlates with poor prognosis.A recent study by Ji et al highlights MEX3A’s role in driving proliferation and migration via the RORA/β-catenin axis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition,positioning it as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.This study addresses a critical gap in understanding HCC pathogenesis and offers valuable mechanistic insights.
基金supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Guangzhou (No.2023B03J1284)Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co.,Ltd. (No.CC80-QT01-2020-0010).
文摘This work established a quantitative method to access the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge(AGS)and validated its feasibility by using the mature AGS from a pilot-scale(50 tons/day)membrane bioreactor(MBR)for treating real municipal wastewater.The results showed that the changing rate( S)of the peak area(S)of granule size distribution(GSD)exhibited an exponential relationship(R^(2)≥0.76)with the shear time(y=a−b·c^(x)),which was a suitable indicative index to reflect the shear stability of different AGS samples.The limiting granule size(LGS)was defined and proposed to characterize the equilibrium size for AGS after being sheared for a period of time,whose value in terms of Dv50 showed high correlation(R^(2)=0.92)with the parameter a.The free Ca^(2+)(28.44-34.21 mg/L)in the influent specifically interacted with polysaccharides(PS)in the granule’s extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)as a nucleation site,thereby inducing the formation of Ca precipitation to enhance its Young’s modulus,while Ca^(2+) primarily interacted with PS in soluble metabolic product(SMP)during the initial granulation process.Furthermore,the Young’s modulus significantly affected the parameter a related to shear stability(R^(2)=0.99).Since the parameter a was more closely related(R^(2)=1.00)to S than that of the parameter b or c,the excellent correlation(R^(2)=0.99)between the parameter a and the wet density further verified the feasibility of this method.
文摘Covalent organic framework nanosheets(CONs)with porous crystalline features and ultrathin thickness are ideal candidates as membrane building blocks to form well-defined transfer nanochannels.The formidable challenge behind self-supporting CONs membrane lies in weak noncovalent interlayer interactions and thus loose stacking,insufficient strength and structure stabilities.Herein,we propose the fabrication of interlayer force-strengthened freestanding CONs membrane through the electrostatic attraction bridge effect of positively-charged amino-rich CONs(CON-NH2)to negatively-charged sulfonated CONs(CON-SO_(3)H).Ultrathin and large lateral sized CON-SO_(3)H and CON-NH2 are synthesized,followed by restacking to prepare freestanding CONs membrane with CON-SO_(3)H as the membrane bulk.Benefiting from effective interlayer interconnection due to strong electrostatic interaction,the obtained CON-SO_(3)H/CON-NH2 membrane displays features of ultrahigh integrity,dense stacking,eminent water/acid/base/organic solvents stabilities and mechanical strength(109 MPa).The shortened-SO_(3)H distance contributes to construct site-continuous transfer pathways,and the deprotonated-SO_(3)H and protonated-NH2 form acid-base pairs to decrease interfacial resistance,which impart membrane superior proton conductivity of 486 mS cm^(-1)(80℃,100%RH).This interlayer force enhancement strategy offers a promising perspective on achieving densely-stacked CONs membrane with ultrahigh mechanical property and conduction performance for fuel cell application.
文摘BACKGROUND The annual incidence of gastric cancer in elderly patients is increasing.Despite the continuous progress in treatment methods,the prognosis of elderly patients remains poor,and postoperative complications are frequent.Obesity is believed to be associated with the risk of gastric cancer and postoperative prognosis;however,the effect of visceral fat distribution on postoperative complications of gastric cancer in elderly patients remains unclear.AIM To explore the effect of visceral fat distribution on postoperative complications of gastric cancer in elderly patients.METHODS A total of 163 elderly patients treated at the Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University after radical gastrectomy between January 2021 and January 2024 were enrolled.The patients'visceral and subcutaneous fat distributions were measured and divided into a high visceral fat area(VFA-H)group and a low visceral fat area(VFA-L)group,with a critical value of 100 cm^(2).The ttest andχ^(2) test were used to calculate and analyze the relationship between visceral fat area(VFA)and complications.Independent risk factors for postoperative complications were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Compared with the VFA-L group,the incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the VFA-H group(27.8%vs 6.4%,P<0.001),and the operation time was longer(268.55±63.41 vs 224.31±51.89,P<0.001).The amount of blood loss was more(163.77±105.27 mL vs 127.93±98.26 mL,P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis showed that VFA[odds ratio(OR):2.597,95%CI:1.479-4.853,P=0.004],total fat area(OR:1.655,95%CI:1.076-4.040,P=0.013),and the visceral subcutaneous fat area ratio(OR:2.046,95%CI:1.196-5.640,P=0.008)were independent risk factors for postoperative complications.CONCLUSION This study showed that postoperative complications are closely related to fat distribution in elderly patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy.A high VFA is associated by a high incidence of postoperative complications.
基金supported by 2022 Anhui University Research Project(grant numbers No.2022AH051162)2023 Anhui University Collaborative innovation project(grant numbers No.GXXT-2023-074)National Key Clinical Collaboration Project for Difficult and Complex Diseases(Ovarian Malignancies)Integrating Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine(grant numbers National Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Development Document(2024)No.3).
文摘Background:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has long been a difficult therapeutic target to overcome because of its extreme aggressiveness,poor efficacy and rarity of available treatment regimens.To explore the anti-TNBC potential of Caulis Polygoni Multiflori(CPM),this investigation applied an integrated computational and experimental approach.Methods:Bioactive CPM compounds were investigated via screening of three TCM databases(TCMSP,TCMID,and HERB)using Bioavailability(OB≥30%)as inclusion criteria.TNBC targets were obtained from the online resources GeneCards,CTD,and OMIM network pharmacology analysis was used to determine common target(s),utilizing two PPI analysis tools–STRING and Cytoscape.Molecular docking assessed target-compound interactions by means of AutoDock Vina.In vitro studies conducted on MDA-MB-231 cells involved evaluating inhibitory effects via MTT,wound-healing assay,transwell,and qPCR techniques.Results:Six bioactive compounds were identified,with emodin(IC50 approximately 15μM)and chrysophanol(IC50 approximately 25μM)showing strong binding to TNBC targets(emodin-HSP90AB1:−9.42 kcal/mol;chrysophanol-SRC:−8.32 kcal/mol).Network analysis revealed 143 shared targets,with BCL2,EGFR and ESR1 as key nodes.Pathway analysis implicated PI3K-AKT signaling and apoptosis.In vitro,emodin and chrysophanol synergistically inhibited proliferation,migration and invasion,while downregulating BCL2,EGFR and ESR1 expression.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report that describes the synergistic mechanisms of multiple compounds from the extract of CPM in TNBC with chrysophanol and emodin working as the main components by mediating oncogenic pathways.
基金supported by China Academy of Railway Sciences Foundation(Research on Multi Agent Collaborative Mechanism of Intelligent High Speed Rail System Based on Complex Adaptive System Theory,Grant 2023YJ392).
文摘Purpose-The rapid development of China’s railway construction has led to an increase in data generated by the high-speed rail(HSR)catenary system.Traditional management methods struggle with challenges such as poor information sharing,disconnected business applications and insufficient intelligence throughout the lifecycle.This study aims to address these issues by applying building information modeling(BIM)technology to improve lifecycle management efficiency for HSR catenary systems.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the lifecycle management needs of catenary engineering,incorporating the intelligent HSR“Model-Data Driven,Axis-Plane Coordination”philosophy,this paper constructs a BIM-based lifecycle management framework for HSR catenary engineering.Findings-This study investigates the full-process lifecycle management of the catenary system across various stages of design,manufacture,construction and operation,exploring integrated BIM models and data transmission methods,along with key technologies for BIM model transmission,transformation and lightweighting.Originality/value-This study establishes a lossless information circulation and transmission system for HSR catenary lifecycle management.Multi-stage applications are verified through the construction of the Chongqing-Kunming High-Speed Railway,comprehensive advancing the intelligent promotion and highquality development of catenary engineering.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42007251 and 42027806)the Doctoral Dissertation Cultivation Project of Northwest University(Grant No.YB2024016).
文摘Currently,Robinia pseudoacacia L.is distributed extensively across the Chinese Loess Plateau.Root exudates released by Robinia pseudoacacia L.are one of the mechanisms through which Robinia pseudoacacia L.affects soil properties.However,how root exudates influencethe hydraulic properties of soil remains unclear,especially for fine-grained soils.This knowledge gap impedes a comprehensive understanding of the function of vegetation in wastewater treatment,ecological restoration,and seepage analysis.To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of the root exudates of Robinia pseudoacacia L.on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of loess(a fine-grainedsoil),the saturated hydraulic conductivity,bound water content,grain size distribution,and microstructure characteristics of loess treated with root exudates at varying concentrations were determined in this study through a series of tests.The results show that the mean saturated hydraulic conductivities of the loess specimens with root exudates are all lower than those without root exudates.This phenomenon can be attributed primarily to the capacity of root exudates to directly and indirectly increase the bound water content,leading to a decrease in the effective seepage channels of the loess.For loess with/without root exudates,the variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity over time can be divided into three stages:an initial constant stage,a rapid reduction stage,and a re-stabilization stage.This is primarily attributed to the migration of particles within a specifiedsize range(7-30μm)and pore-clogging in the specimens during the seepage process.A schematic diagram is proposed for the structural evolution of fine-grained soil with or without root exudates during long-term seepage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12402445)the National Defense Foundation Stabilization Support Program(Grant No.JCKYS2024212108)the National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave Physics and Detonation Physics Foundation(Grant No.2024CXPTGFJJ06404)。
文摘Accurate characterization of three-dimensional burning crack propagation remains pivotal yet challenging for energetic material safety,as conventional diagnostics and models inadequately resolve coupled crack-pressure dynamics in confined explosives.This study combines a novel spherical confinement system(with/without sapphire windows)with synchronized high-speed imaging and 3D reconstruction to overcome optical limitations in opaque explosives.Experimental analysis of centrally ignited HMX-based PBX-1 reveals:(1)burning cracks propagate radially with equatorial acceleration and polar deceleration,(2)systematic formation of 3–4 dominant crack branches across geometries,and(3)pressure evolution exhibiting gradual accumulation(subsurface cracking)followed by exponential growth(surface burn-through),with decay governed by cavity expansion.Building on Hill's framework,we develop a model incorporating cavity volume and fracture toughness criteria,validated against PBX explosive(95%HMX-based)experiments.The model demonstrates improved prediction of pressure trends compared to prior approaches,particularly in resolving laminar-phase accumulation and crackinduced surge transitions.Results establish structural cavity volume as a critical modulator of measured pressure and reveal direction-dependent crack kinematics as fundamental features of constrained combustion.This work provides experimentally validated insights into mechanisms of reaction pressure development and burning cracks pathways during constrained PBX explosive combustion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22179123)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province,China (No. tsqn202211048)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.202262010)。
文摘Zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) have received increasing attention as energy storage devices owing to their low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,their progress has been hampered by low energy and power density,as well as unsatisfactory long-cycle stability,mainly due to the lack of suitable electrode materials.In this context,we have developed manganese single atoms implanted in nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets (MnSAs/NCNs) using a metal salt template method as cathodes for ZIHCs.The metal salt serves a dual purpose in the synthesis process:It facilitates the uniform dispersion of Mn atoms within the carbon matrix and acts as an activating agent to create the porous structure.When applied in ZIHCs,the MnSAs/NCNs electrode demonstrates exceptional performance,including a high capacity of 203 m Ah g^(-1),an energy density of 138 Wh kg^(-1)at 68 W kg^(-1),and excellent cycle stability with 91%retention over 10,000 cycles.Theoretical calculations indicate that the introduced Mn atoms modulate the local charge distribution of carbon materials,thereby improving the electrochemical property.This work demonstrates the significant potential of carbon materials with metal atoms in zinc-ion hybrid capacitors,not only in enhancing electrochemical performance but also in providing new insights and methods for developing high-performance energy storage devices.
文摘Objective:Lanqin oral liquid(LOL),as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription,has obvious clinical efficacy in the treatment of pharyngeal inflammation.Exploring the distribution of LOL prototype components and metabolites in plasma is of great significance for understanding potentially effective compounds.The aim of this study is to elucidate the metabolites and main metabolic pathways of LQL in vivo.Methods:In this study,a reliable approach integrated background subtraction and mass defect filtering(MDF),based on quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(QTOF-MS)technology,was performed to systematically scan the metabolites of LOL in rat plasma.In addition,according to the prototype mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern and combined with metabolic pathway analysis,a biotransformation oriented analysis strategy was established and applied to the identification of metabolites in LOL in vivo.Results:As a result,159 compounds(58 prototypes and 101 metabolites)were identified or tentatively characterized in drug-containing plasma,including 74 flavonoids,30 alkaloids,34 terpenoids,five phenylpropanoids,six phenolic acids,five fatty acids,and five other type components.The main metabolic pathways include methylation,demethylation,hydroxylation,hydrogenation,glucuronidation,and sulfation.Conclusions:This study provides an overall characterization of the metabolites of LOL in vivo for the first time,providing a solid material basis for exploring the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of LOL.
基金the support of the Foundation of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021ZDZX2045,2024KTSCX040)the Wuyi University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2023CX07,S202411349118)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22163007)Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program(ZZSG[2024]002).
文摘Developing method for strong Si–F σ bond activation is a very important tool in organosilicon transformation chemistry, only few examples of Si–F bond activation are precedent in the literature. Herein, we developed a new and efficient method to activate strong Si–F bond by transition-metal-free Si–F/Si–H cross coupling reaction catalyzed with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) catalytic system under mild conditions. Various disiloxanes bearing tolerated functional groups were successfully synthesized in moderate to excellent yields from fluorosilanes and hydrosilanes. Moreover, H_(2)O was found to be the oxygen donor in this catalytic system. Density functional theory calculations were performed to verify the mechanism of DBU promoted Si–F/Si–H cross-coupling reactions.
