Objective:To explore symptom experiences and self-coping patterns during the early and late stages of chemotherapy in these patients to provide a basis for developing targeted symptom management strategies.Methods:A t...Objective:To explore symptom experiences and self-coping patterns during the early and late stages of chemotherapy in these patients to provide a basis for developing targeted symptom management strategies.Methods:A total of 27 patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy at two medical institutions were recruited between November 2023 and August 2024.Semi-structured interviews were conducted in person or over the phone.Data were analyzed using traditional content and thematic analyses.Results:Three themes were identified:symptom experience,self-coping patterns,and existing obstacles.During the early stages of chemotherapy,patients reported a higher frequency of unpleasant symptoms and recognized these symptoms earlier in the treatment course.Patients in the early stages primarily relied on external support to cope with symptoms,while those in the later stages adopted self-care strategies.Several challenges related to unpleasant symptoms were observed,which appeared to correlate with the self-coping patterns employed.Conclusion:Patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy experience a complex and diverse range of symptoms,with varying coping patterns at different stages of treatment.Symptom management during chemotherapy presents significant challenges.Healthcare providers should improve the ongoing monitoring of symptoms post-chemotherapy.By linking patients’symptom experiences and self-coping patterns at different stages of chemotherapy to their specific challenges,personalized symptom management strategies can be developed to enhance care quality.展开更多
Chemical hydrogen storage in organic materials is a promising method thanks to its high storage density,reversibility,and safety.However,the dehydrogenation process of organic materials requires high temperatures due ...Chemical hydrogen storage in organic materials is a promising method thanks to its high storage density,reversibility,and safety.However,the dehydrogenation process of organic materials requires high temperatures due to their unfavorable thermodynamic properties.This study proposes a strategy to design a new type of hydrogen storage materials,i.e.,alkali metal pyridinolate/piperidinolate pairs,by combining the effects of a heteroatom and an alkali metal in one molecule to achieve suitable dehydrogenation thermodynamics along with high hydrogen storage capacities.These air-stable compounds can be synthesized using low-cost reactants and water as a green solvent.Thermodynamic predictions indicate that enthalpy changes of dehydrogenation(ΔH_(d))can be significantly reduced to the optimal range for efficient hydrogen release,exemplified by lithium 2-piperidinolate with a 5.6 wt%hydrogen capacity and a suitableΔH_(d)of 32.2 kJ/mol-H_(2).Experimental results obtained using sodium systems validate the computational predictions,demonstrating reversible hydrogen storage even below 100℃.The superior hydrogen desorption performance of alkali metal piperidinolates could be attributed to their suitableΔH_(d)induced by the combined effect of ring nitrogen and metal substitution on their structures.This study not only reports new low-cost hydrogen storage materials but also provides a rational design strategy for developing metalorganic compounds possessing high hydrogen capacities and suitable thermodynamics for efficient hydrogen storage.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection remains a major health burden worldwide.To establish a persistence infection,HBV needs to evade both adaptive and innate immune surveillance.Multiple mechanisms for adaptive imm...Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection remains a major health burden worldwide.To establish a persistence infection,HBV needs to evade both adaptive and innate immune surveillance.Multiple mechanisms for adaptive immunity evasion have been established,but how HBV evades the innate surveillance is less clear.There are three types of host cells involving in the innate immune responses against HBV infection:Hepatocytes,hepatic nonparenchymal cells and conventional innate immune cells.Among these,hepatocytes are the only target cells that are susceptible to HBV infection and the only confirmed site where HBV replication takes place.This review focuses on the hepatocyte-intrinsic innate immunity;one of the earliest host defense responses.After entering hepatocytes,the viral components can be sensed by the cellular pattern recognition receptors.This triggers downstream antiviral responses capable of inhibiting viral replication and even degrading the viral DNA genome directly or indirectly.However,HBV has evolved a variety of sophisticated strategies to evade intracellular immune defense,resulting in the establishment of infection.Here,we provide insights into the mechanisms of the intrinsic innate immune response of hepatocytes and how HBV escapes these defense mechanisms.Hopefully,this will lay the foundation for the development of novel anti-HBV therapies.展开更多
Objectives Retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury results in irreversible visual impairments.The disruption of the outer blood-retinal barrier(OBRB)is a major ocular pathogenic process that RIR injury affects.Current...Objectives Retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury results in irreversible visual impairments.The disruption of the outer blood-retinal barrier(OBRB)is a major ocular pathogenic process that RIR injury affects.Current clinical strategies are limited.This study aimed to elucidate how electroacupuncture(EA)protects the OBRB against RIR injury.Methods Male Wistar rats(7 weeks old,250 g to 280 g)were used in this study.Three independent experiments were conducted.First,Opioid peptide levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).42 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=6/group):Control:No treatment;high intraocular pressure(HIOP):Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming(Extra acupoint)and Jingming(BL1)for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+100 Hz:RIR injury+100 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+2/100 Hz EA:RIR injury+2/100 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+4/20 Hz EA:RIR injury+4/20 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.Second,retinal morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.20 rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups(n=5/group):Control:No treatment;HIOP:Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.Third,the permeability of OBRB was evaluated using the fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-dextran leakage assay.15 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=3/group):Control:No treatment;HIOP:Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;Nal+HIOP+2 Hz EA:Intravitreal injection ofδ-opioid receptor antagonist Naltridole(10µl,100 nM)30 min before RIR injury induction,followed by 2 Hz EA treatment at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.In vitro studies examined enkephalins'effects on oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R)induced injury in ARPE‐19 cells.Cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and morphological changes were recorded by Molecular Devices.Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry.Delta opioid receptor(DOR)expression in total protein and membrane protein were analyzed by western blotting(WB).Immunofluorescence(IF)staining and WB assessed ZO-1 and Claudin-19.For cell-based assays,n indicates the number of biologically independent replicates.Results It was found that 2 Hz EA treatment increased enkephalins(methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin)levels(P<0.01),restoring the increased retinal thickness(P<0.05)and mitigating RGCs loss(P<0.05)post-RIR injury.FITC-dextran leakage in the outer retina was ameliorated by 2 Hz EA(P<0.05),reversibly countered by Naltrindole(P<0.05),a DOR antagonist.Treatment with 30µM enkephalins enhanced ARPE-19 cell viability(P<0.001,P<0.0001)and inhibited apoptosis(P<0.0001).Enkephalins elevated DOR levels in total protein(P<0.05)and membrane protein fractions(P<0.001,P<0.0001),as well as elevated ZO-1(P<0.001,P<0.01)and Claudin-19(P<0.0001,P<0.001)levels following OGD/R,counteracted by Naltrindole.Conclusion It was found that 2 Hz EA inhibits the breakdown of OBRB via enkephalins activate DOR in RIR injury.展开更多
The intrinsic high magnetocrystalline anisotropy equivalent field can help the hexaferrites break through Snoek’s limit and increase the resonance frequency.This is advantageous for microwave absorption applications ...The intrinsic high magnetocrystalline anisotropy equivalent field can help the hexaferrites break through Snoek’s limit and increase the resonance frequency.This is advantageous for microwave absorption applications in the mid to low-frequency range of gigahertz.In this study,we prepared Z-type Ba_(3)Co_(1.6−x)Zn_(x)Cu_(0.4)Fe_(24)O_(41)hexaferrites using the sol-gel auto-combustion method.By changing the ratio of Co and Zn ions,the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of ferrite is further ma-nipulated,resulting in significant changes in their magnetic resonance frequency and intensity.Ba_(3)Zn_(1.6)Cu_(0.4)Fe_(24)O_(41)with high-frequency resonance achieved the lowest reflectivity of−72.18 dB at 15.56 GHz,while Ba_(3)Co_(1.5)Zn_(0.1)Cu_(0.4)Fe_(24)O_(41)with stronger loss obtained the widest bandwidth of 4.93 GHz(6.14-11.07).Additionally,we investigated surface wave suppression properties previously overlooked.Ba_(3)Co_(1.5)Zn_(0.1)Cu_(0.4)Fe_(24)O_(41)can achieve a larger attenuation at low frequency under low thickness,which has an excellent effect on reducing backscattering.This work provides a useful reference for the preparation and application of high-performance magnetic-loss materials.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)moirésuperlattices with a small twist in orientation exhibit a broad range of physical properties due to the complicated intralayer and interlayer interactions modulated by the twist angle.Here...Two-dimensional(2D)moirésuperlattices with a small twist in orientation exhibit a broad range of physical properties due to the complicated intralayer and interlayer interactions modulated by the twist angle.Here,we report a metal-semiconductor phase transition in homojunction moirésuperlattices of NiS_(2) and PtTe_(2) with large twist angles based on high-throughput screening of 2D materials MX_(2)(M=Ni,Pd,Pt;X=S,Se,Te)via density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Firstly,the calculations for different stacking configurations(AA,AB and AC)reveal that AA stacking ones are stable for all the bilayer MX_(2).The metallic or semiconducting properties of these 2D materials remain invariable for different stacking without twisting except for NiS_(2) and PtTe_(2).For the twisted configurations,NiS_(2) transfers from metal to semiconductor when the twist angles are 21.79°,27.79°,32.20°and 60°.PtTe_(2) exhibits a similar transition at 60°.The phase transition is due to the weakened d-p orbital hybridization around the Fermi level as the interlayer distance increases in the twisted configurations.Further calculations of untwisted bilayers with increasing interlayer distance demonstrate that all the materials undergo metal-semiconductor phase transition with the increased interlayer distance because of the weakened d-p orbital hybridization.These findings provide fundamental insights into tuning the electronic properties of moirésuperlattices with large twist angles.展开更多
Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilizat...Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.展开更多
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a common benign hepatic tumor which is often treated non-operatively until it appears apparent symptoms such as pain and upper abdominal distension. We report here a case of trans-ca...Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a common benign hepatic tumor which is often treated non-operatively until it appears apparent symptoms such as pain and upper abdominal distension. We report here a case of trans-catheter arterial embolization (TAE) using pingyangmycin-lipiodol emulsion (PLE) for blocking a fatal bleeding originated from percutaneous biopsy as well as for FNH treatment. After embolization by means of the mixture of PLE and particles of gelfoam, the bleeding was stopped and the FNH was apparently shrinked 1 year later. TAE using PLE may be considered as a safe and effective method for the treatment of FNH.展开更多
Ag nanoparticles used as physical developing nuclei in photographic science were prepared by reduction method. The as-formed Ag nanoparticle colloid was characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectrum, Atomic Force Micro...Ag nanoparticles used as physical developing nuclei in photographic science were prepared by reduction method. The as-formed Ag nanoparticle colloid was characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectrum, Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) and Charge Coupled Device (CCD) technique. It is found that the source of Ag ions, the addition of surfactant and polymer, all have great influence on the size, topography and catalytic activity of Ag nanoparticles.展开更多
In this work, we used a linear CCD to detect the whole physical developing process of silver diffusion transfer reversal process in photographic chemistry. The influence of the ingredient of the working solution was s...In this work, we used a linear CCD to detect the whole physical developing process of silver diffusion transfer reversal process in photographic chemistry. The influence of the ingredient of the working solution was studied.展开更多
Endogenous opioid peptides(EOP)are the neurochemical basis of the anesthetic and analgesic effects of acupuncture,and the quantity of acupuncture stimulus can be controlled accurately by using electroacupuncture(EA).T...Endogenous opioid peptides(EOP)are the neurochemical basis of the anesthetic and analgesic effects of acupuncture,and the quantity of acupuncture stimulus can be controlled accurately by using electroacupuncture(EA).The present study explores the dose-effect relationship between EA with different parameters and the regulation of EOP system.In this paper,the intervention effects of EA on EOP system were specially discussed in terms of the single factor and the different combinations of the frequency,waveform and current intensity.This study shows that EOP system presents a frequency-response specificity.The low frequency of EA promotes the release of enkephalin,β-endorphin and endomorphin,the high one activates the dynorphin system selectively,and the intermediate frequency works on promoting the release of enkephalin andβ-endorphin,as well as dynorphin.Sparse-dense wave of EA may induce the release of enkephalin,β-endorphin,endomorphin and dynorphin,presenting a synergistic effect.However,the waveform of EA should be selected flexibly in clinical practice.Sometimes the better therapeutic effect can also be obtained with the continuous wave of EA.EOP system is involved in mediating appropriate intensity of EA,while the acupuncture effect generated by an extra strong EA stimulation refers to a kind of stress response of non-opioid mechanism.The different combinations of EA parameters result in various effects.The combination of EA parameters should be optimized in accordance with different diseases,which is valuable for guiding clinical practice and the development of EA therapy.展开更多
Polarization upconversion luminescence(PUCL)of lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))has been widely used in single particle tracking,microfluidics detection,three-dimensional displays,and so on.However,no effective strategy has be...Polarization upconversion luminescence(PUCL)of lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))has been widely used in single particle tracking,microfluidics detection,three-dimensional displays,and so on.However,no effective strategy has been developed for modulating PUCL.Here we report a strategy to regulate PUCL in Ho^(3+)-doped NaYF4single nanorods based on the number of upconversion photons.By constructing a multiphoton upconversion system for Ho^(3+),we regulate the degree of polarization(DOP)of PUCL from 0.590 for two-photon luminescence to 0.929 for three-photon upconversion luminescence(UCL).Furthermore,our strategy is verified from cross-relaxation between Ho^(3+)and Yb^(3+),excitation wavelength,excitation power density,and local site symmetry.And this regulation strategy of PUCL has also been achieved in Tm^(3+),with the DOP ranging from 0.233 for two-photon luminescence to 0.925 for four-photon UCL Besides,multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting display has been explored with PUCL.This work provides an effective strategy for regulating PUCL and also provides more opportunities for the development of polarization display optical encoding,anti-counterfeiting,and integrated optical devices.展开更多
Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel S...Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies,Sn@Ti_(2)CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V,was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti_(2)SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction.Due to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure,the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites,the obtained Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V exhibits an optimal NH_(3) yield of 28.4μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) with an excellent FE of 15.57% at−0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),as well as an ultra-long durability.Noticeably,this catalyst represents a satisfactory NH3 yield rate of 10.53μg h^(−1) mg^(−1) in the home-made simulation device,where commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell was employed as power source,air and ultrapure water as feed stock.The as-proposed strategy represents great potential toward ammonia production in terms of financial cost according to the systematic technical economic analysis.This work is of significance for large-scale green ammonia production.展开更多
Objective:Network analysis was used to explore the complex inter-relationships between social participation activities and depressive symptoms among the Chinese older population,and the differences in network structur...Objective:Network analysis was used to explore the complex inter-relationships between social participation activities and depressive symptoms among the Chinese older population,and the differences in network structures among different genders,age groups,and urban-rural residency would be compared.Methods:Based on the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),12,043 people aged 65 to 105 were included.The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CESD)Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms and 10 types of social participation activities were collected,including housework,tai-chi,square dancing,visiting and interacting with friends,garden work,reading newspapers or books,raising domestic animals,playing cards or mahjong,watching TV or listening to radio,and organized social activities.R 4.2.1 software was used to estimate the network model and calculate strength and bridge strength.Results:21.60%(2,601/12,043)of the participants had depressive symptoms.The total social participation score was negatively associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographic factors.The network of social participation and depressive symptoms showed that“D9(Inability to get going)”and“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”had the highest strength within depressive symptoms and social participation communities,respectively,and“S1(Housework)”,“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”,and“D5(Hopelessness)”were the most prominent bridging nodes between the two communities.Most edges linking the two communities were negative.“S5(Graden work)-D5(Hopelessness)”and“S6(Reading newspapers/books)-D4(Everything was an effort)”were the top 2 strongest negative edges.Older females had significantly denser network structures than older males.Compared to older people aged 65e80,the age group 81e105 showed higher network global strength.Conclusions:This study provides novel insights into the complex relationships between social participation and depressive symptoms.Except for doing housework,other social participation activities were found to be protective for depression levels.Different nursing strategies should be taken to prevent and alleviate depressive symptoms for different genders and older people of different ages.展开更多
Numerous irradiation-induced gas bubbles are created in the nuclear fuel during irradiation, leading to the change of microstructure and the degradation of mechanical and thermal properties. The grain size of fuel is ...Numerous irradiation-induced gas bubbles are created in the nuclear fuel during irradiation, leading to the change of microstructure and the degradation of mechanical and thermal properties. The grain size of fuel is one of the important factors affecting bubble evolution. In current study, we first predict the thermodynamic behaviors of point defects as well as the interplay between vacancy and gas atom in both UO_(2) and U_(3)Si_(2) according to ab initio approach. Then, we establish the irradiation-induced bubble phase-field model to investigate the formation and evolution of intra-and inter-granular gas bubbles. The effects of fission rate and temperature on the evolutions of bubble morphologies in UO_(2) and U_(3)Si_(2) have been revealed. Especially, a comparison of porosities under different grain sizes is examined and analyzed. To understand the thermal conductivity as functions of grain size and porosity, the heat transfer capability of U_(3)Si_(2) is evaluated.展开更多
Besides the rapid retreating trend of Arctic sea-ice extent(SIE),this study found the most outstanding low-frequency variation of SIE to be a 4-6-year periodic variation.Using a clustering analysis algorithm,the SIE i...Besides the rapid retreating trend of Arctic sea-ice extent(SIE),this study found the most outstanding low-frequency variation of SIE to be a 4-6-year periodic variation.Using a clustering analysis algorithm,the SIE in most ice-covered regions was clustered into two special regions:Region-1 around the Barents Sea and Region-2 around the Canadian Basin,which were located on either side of the Arctic Transpolar Drift.Clear 4-6-year periodic variation in these two regions was identified using a novel method called“running linear fitting algorithm”.The rate of temporal variation of the Arctic SIE was related to three driving factors:the regional air temperature,the sea-ice areal flux across the Arctic Transpolar Drift,and the divergence of sea-ice drift.The 4-6-year periodic variation was found to have always been present since 1979,but the SIE responded to different factors under heavy and light ice conditions divided by the year 2005.The joint contribution of the three factors to SIE variation exceeded 83%and 59%in the two regions,respectively,remarkably reflecting their dynamic mechanism.It is proven that the process of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is closely associated with the three factors,being the fundamental source of the 4-6-year periodic variations of Arctic SIE.展开更多
Hydride ion(H-)conductors have drawn much attention due to their potential applications in hydrideion-based devices.Rare earth metal hydrides(REH_(x))have fast H-conduction which,unfortunately,is accompanied by detrim...Hydride ion(H-)conductors have drawn much attention due to their potential applications in hydrideion-based devices.Rare earth metal hydrides(REH_(x))have fast H-conduction which,unfortunately,is accompanied by detrimental electron conduction preventing their application as ion conductors.Here,REH_(x)(RE=Nd,Ce,and Pr)with varied grain sizes,rich grain boundaries,and defects have been prepared by ball milling and subsequent sintering.The electronic conductivity of the ball-milled REH_(x)samples can be reduced by 2-4 orders of magnitude compared with the non-ball-milled samples.The relationship of electron conduction and miscrostructures in REH_(x)is studied and discussed based on experimental data and previously-proposed classical and quantum theories.The H-conductivity of all REH_(x)is about 10^(-4)to 10^(-3)S cm^(-1)at room temperature,showing promise for the development of H-conductors and their applications in clean energy storage and conversion.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Ultrasonic Medical Engineering/the Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau(Project No.2022KFKT7011)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20233357)+1 种基金the Health Commission of Sichuan Province Medical Science and Technology Program(24QNMP007)the Medical Research Program of Health Commission of Chengdu(2023535).
文摘Objective:To explore symptom experiences and self-coping patterns during the early and late stages of chemotherapy in these patients to provide a basis for developing targeted symptom management strategies.Methods:A total of 27 patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy at two medical institutions were recruited between November 2023 and August 2024.Semi-structured interviews were conducted in person or over the phone.Data were analyzed using traditional content and thematic analyses.Results:Three themes were identified:symptom experience,self-coping patterns,and existing obstacles.During the early stages of chemotherapy,patients reported a higher frequency of unpleasant symptoms and recognized these symptoms earlier in the treatment course.Patients in the early stages primarily relied on external support to cope with symptoms,while those in the later stages adopted self-care strategies.Several challenges related to unpleasant symptoms were observed,which appeared to correlate with the self-coping patterns employed.Conclusion:Patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy experience a complex and diverse range of symptoms,with varying coping patterns at different stages of treatment.Symptom management during chemotherapy presents significant challenges.Healthcare providers should improve the ongoing monitoring of symptoms post-chemotherapy.By linking patients’symptom experiences and self-coping patterns at different stages of chemotherapy to their specific challenges,personalized symptom management strategies can be developed to enhance care quality.
基金partially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0198900)support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171226,22309174)。
文摘Chemical hydrogen storage in organic materials is a promising method thanks to its high storage density,reversibility,and safety.However,the dehydrogenation process of organic materials requires high temperatures due to their unfavorable thermodynamic properties.This study proposes a strategy to design a new type of hydrogen storage materials,i.e.,alkali metal pyridinolate/piperidinolate pairs,by combining the effects of a heteroatom and an alkali metal in one molecule to achieve suitable dehydrogenation thermodynamics along with high hydrogen storage capacities.These air-stable compounds can be synthesized using low-cost reactants and water as a green solvent.Thermodynamic predictions indicate that enthalpy changes of dehydrogenation(ΔH_(d))can be significantly reduced to the optimal range for efficient hydrogen release,exemplified by lithium 2-piperidinolate with a 5.6 wt%hydrogen capacity and a suitableΔH_(d)of 32.2 kJ/mol-H_(2).Experimental results obtained using sodium systems validate the computational predictions,demonstrating reversible hydrogen storage even below 100℃.The superior hydrogen desorption performance of alkali metal piperidinolates could be attributed to their suitableΔH_(d)induced by the combined effect of ring nitrogen and metal substitution on their structures.This study not only reports new low-cost hydrogen storage materials but also provides a rational design strategy for developing metalorganic compounds possessing high hydrogen capacities and suitable thermodynamics for efficient hydrogen storage.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Medical Research Fund,No.D2301010Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.RCYX20231211090346060。
文摘Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection remains a major health burden worldwide.To establish a persistence infection,HBV needs to evade both adaptive and innate immune surveillance.Multiple mechanisms for adaptive immunity evasion have been established,but how HBV evades the innate surveillance is less clear.There are three types of host cells involving in the innate immune responses against HBV infection:Hepatocytes,hepatic nonparenchymal cells and conventional innate immune cells.Among these,hepatocytes are the only target cells that are susceptible to HBV infection and the only confirmed site where HBV replication takes place.This review focuses on the hepatocyte-intrinsic innate immunity;one of the earliest host defense responses.After entering hepatocytes,the viral components can be sensed by the cellular pattern recognition receptors.This triggers downstream antiviral responses capable of inhibiting viral replication and even degrading the viral DNA genome directly or indirectly.However,HBV has evolved a variety of sophisticated strategies to evade intracellular immune defense,resulting in the establishment of infection.Here,we provide insights into the mechanisms of the intrinsic innate immune response of hepatocytes and how HBV escapes these defense mechanisms.Hopefully,this will lay the foundation for the development of novel anti-HBV therapies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:81574078。
文摘Objectives Retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury results in irreversible visual impairments.The disruption of the outer blood-retinal barrier(OBRB)is a major ocular pathogenic process that RIR injury affects.Current clinical strategies are limited.This study aimed to elucidate how electroacupuncture(EA)protects the OBRB against RIR injury.Methods Male Wistar rats(7 weeks old,250 g to 280 g)were used in this study.Three independent experiments were conducted.First,Opioid peptide levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).42 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=6/group):Control:No treatment;high intraocular pressure(HIOP):Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming(Extra acupoint)and Jingming(BL1)for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+100 Hz:RIR injury+100 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+2/100 Hz EA:RIR injury+2/100 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;HIOP+4/20 Hz EA:RIR injury+4/20 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.Second,retinal morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.20 rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups(n=5/group):Control:No treatment;HIOP:Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.Third,the permeability of OBRB was evaluated using the fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-dextran leakage assay.15 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=3/group):Control:No treatment;HIOP:Acute intraocular pressure elevation-induced RIR injury;HIOP+SHAM EA:RIR injury+sham EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min(shallow needle insertion but without electric stimulation);HIOP+2 Hz EA:RIR injury+2 Hz EA at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min;Nal+HIOP+2 Hz EA:Intravitreal injection ofδ-opioid receptor antagonist Naltridole(10µl,100 nM)30 min before RIR injury induction,followed by 2 Hz EA treatment at Xinming and BL1 for 30 min.In vitro studies examined enkephalins'effects on oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R)induced injury in ARPE‐19 cells.Cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and morphological changes were recorded by Molecular Devices.Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry.Delta opioid receptor(DOR)expression in total protein and membrane protein were analyzed by western blotting(WB).Immunofluorescence(IF)staining and WB assessed ZO-1 and Claudin-19.For cell-based assays,n indicates the number of biologically independent replicates.Results It was found that 2 Hz EA treatment increased enkephalins(methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin)levels(P<0.01),restoring the increased retinal thickness(P<0.05)and mitigating RGCs loss(P<0.05)post-RIR injury.FITC-dextran leakage in the outer retina was ameliorated by 2 Hz EA(P<0.05),reversibly countered by Naltrindole(P<0.05),a DOR antagonist.Treatment with 30µM enkephalins enhanced ARPE-19 cell viability(P<0.001,P<0.0001)and inhibited apoptosis(P<0.0001).Enkephalins elevated DOR levels in total protein(P<0.05)and membrane protein fractions(P<0.001,P<0.0001),as well as elevated ZO-1(P<0.001,P<0.01)and Claudin-19(P<0.0001,P<0.001)levels following OGD/R,counteracted by Naltrindole.Conclusion It was found that 2 Hz EA inhibits the breakdown of OBRB via enkephalins activate DOR in RIR injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62371222)the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(No.JCKY2023605C002)thePriority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)and the Opening Project of Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application Technology of Electronic Component Laboratory(No.ZHD202305).
文摘The intrinsic high magnetocrystalline anisotropy equivalent field can help the hexaferrites break through Snoek’s limit and increase the resonance frequency.This is advantageous for microwave absorption applications in the mid to low-frequency range of gigahertz.In this study,we prepared Z-type Ba_(3)Co_(1.6−x)Zn_(x)Cu_(0.4)Fe_(24)O_(41)hexaferrites using the sol-gel auto-combustion method.By changing the ratio of Co and Zn ions,the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of ferrite is further ma-nipulated,resulting in significant changes in their magnetic resonance frequency and intensity.Ba_(3)Zn_(1.6)Cu_(0.4)Fe_(24)O_(41)with high-frequency resonance achieved the lowest reflectivity of−72.18 dB at 15.56 GHz,while Ba_(3)Co_(1.5)Zn_(0.1)Cu_(0.4)Fe_(24)O_(41)with stronger loss obtained the widest bandwidth of 4.93 GHz(6.14-11.07).Additionally,we investigated surface wave suppression properties previously overlooked.Ba_(3)Co_(1.5)Zn_(0.1)Cu_(0.4)Fe_(24)O_(41)can achieve a larger attenuation at low frequency under low thickness,which has an excellent effect on reducing backscattering.This work provides a useful reference for the preparation and application of high-performance magnetic-loss materials.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52472153,11704081,62488201)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204100)+2 种基金National Science and Technology Innovation Talent Cultivation Program(Grant No.2023BZRC016)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2020GXNSFAA297182)the special fund for“Guangxi Bagui Scholars”。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)moirésuperlattices with a small twist in orientation exhibit a broad range of physical properties due to the complicated intralayer and interlayer interactions modulated by the twist angle.Here,we report a metal-semiconductor phase transition in homojunction moirésuperlattices of NiS_(2) and PtTe_(2) with large twist angles based on high-throughput screening of 2D materials MX_(2)(M=Ni,Pd,Pt;X=S,Se,Te)via density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Firstly,the calculations for different stacking configurations(AA,AB and AC)reveal that AA stacking ones are stable for all the bilayer MX_(2).The metallic or semiconducting properties of these 2D materials remain invariable for different stacking without twisting except for NiS_(2) and PtTe_(2).For the twisted configurations,NiS_(2) transfers from metal to semiconductor when the twist angles are 21.79°,27.79°,32.20°and 60°.PtTe_(2) exhibits a similar transition at 60°.The phase transition is due to the weakened d-p orbital hybridization around the Fermi level as the interlayer distance increases in the twisted configurations.Further calculations of untwisted bilayers with increasing interlayer distance demonstrate that all the materials undergo metal-semiconductor phase transition with the increased interlayer distance because of the weakened d-p orbital hybridization.These findings provide fundamental insights into tuning the electronic properties of moirésuperlattices with large twist angles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671625,31271669)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300202)
文摘Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.
文摘Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a common benign hepatic tumor which is often treated non-operatively until it appears apparent symptoms such as pain and upper abdominal distension. We report here a case of trans-catheter arterial embolization (TAE) using pingyangmycin-lipiodol emulsion (PLE) for blocking a fatal bleeding originated from percutaneous biopsy as well as for FNH treatment. After embolization by means of the mixture of PLE and particles of gelfoam, the bleeding was stopped and the FNH was apparently shrinked 1 year later. TAE using PLE may be considered as a safe and effective method for the treatment of FNH.
基金The authors are grateful to National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.60108005)
文摘Ag nanoparticles used as physical developing nuclei in photographic science were prepared by reduction method. The as-formed Ag nanoparticle colloid was characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectrum, Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) and Charge Coupled Device (CCD) technique. It is found that the source of Ag ions, the addition of surfactant and polymer, all have great influence on the size, topography and catalytic activity of Ag nanoparticles.
文摘In this work, we used a linear CCD to detect the whole physical developing process of silver diffusion transfer reversal process in photographic chemistry. The influence of the ingredient of the working solution was studied.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:No.815740786th Cycle Medical Key Specialty Construction Project of Jinshan District:JSZK2019H04Three Years Action Plan of Shanghai to Further Accelerate the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine:2018-2020。
文摘Endogenous opioid peptides(EOP)are the neurochemical basis of the anesthetic and analgesic effects of acupuncture,and the quantity of acupuncture stimulus can be controlled accurately by using electroacupuncture(EA).The present study explores the dose-effect relationship between EA with different parameters and the regulation of EOP system.In this paper,the intervention effects of EA on EOP system were specially discussed in terms of the single factor and the different combinations of the frequency,waveform and current intensity.This study shows that EOP system presents a frequency-response specificity.The low frequency of EA promotes the release of enkephalin,β-endorphin and endomorphin,the high one activates the dynorphin system selectively,and the intermediate frequency works on promoting the release of enkephalin andβ-endorphin,as well as dynorphin.Sparse-dense wave of EA may induce the release of enkephalin,β-endorphin,endomorphin and dynorphin,presenting a synergistic effect.However,the waveform of EA should be selected flexibly in clinical practice.Sometimes the better therapeutic effect can also be obtained with the continuous wave of EA.EOP system is involved in mediating appropriate intensity of EA,while the acupuncture effect generated by an extra strong EA stimulation refers to a kind of stress response of non-opioid mechanism.The different combinations of EA parameters result in various effects.The combination of EA parameters should be optimized in accordance with different diseases,which is valuable for guiding clinical practice and the development of EA therapy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11704081,52125205,52250398,U20A20166,52192614 and 52003101)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2020GXNSFAA297182,2020GXNSFAA297041 and 2017GXNSFBA19-8229)+5 种基金the special fund for Guangxi Bagui ScholarsNational Science and Technology Innovation Talent Cultivation Program(No.2023BZRC016)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFB3200302 and2021YFB3200304)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.2222088)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.KQTD20170810105439418)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Polarization upconversion luminescence(PUCL)of lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))has been widely used in single particle tracking,microfluidics detection,three-dimensional displays,and so on.However,no effective strategy has been developed for modulating PUCL.Here we report a strategy to regulate PUCL in Ho^(3+)-doped NaYF4single nanorods based on the number of upconversion photons.By constructing a multiphoton upconversion system for Ho^(3+),we regulate the degree of polarization(DOP)of PUCL from 0.590 for two-photon luminescence to 0.929 for three-photon upconversion luminescence(UCL).Furthermore,our strategy is verified from cross-relaxation between Ho^(3+)and Yb^(3+),excitation wavelength,excitation power density,and local site symmetry.And this regulation strategy of PUCL has also been achieved in Tm^(3+),with the DOP ranging from 0.233 for two-photon luminescence to 0.925 for four-photon UCL Besides,multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting display has been explored with PUCL.This work provides an effective strategy for regulating PUCL and also provides more opportunities for the development of polarization display optical encoding,anti-counterfeiting,and integrated optical devices.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22308139,52071171,52202248)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MS-140)+11 种基金Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program(LNBQW2018B0048)Shenyang Science and Technology Project(21-108-9-04)Young Scientific and Technological Talents Project of the Department of Education of Liaoning Province(LQN202008)Key Research Project of Department of Education of Liaoning Province(LJKZZ20220015)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology(MJNYSKL202301)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(KF2023006)Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization,Anhui University of Technology(CHV22-05)Australian Research Council(ARC)through Future Fellowship(FT210100298,FT210100806)Discovery Project(DP220100603)Linkage Project(LP210100467,LP210200504,LP210200345,LP220100088)Industrial Transformation Training Centre(IC180100005)schemesthe Australian Government through the Cooperative Research Centres Projects(CRCPXIII000077).
文摘Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies,Sn@Ti_(2)CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V,was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti_(2)SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction.Due to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure,the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites,the obtained Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V exhibits an optimal NH_(3) yield of 28.4μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) with an excellent FE of 15.57% at−0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),as well as an ultra-long durability.Noticeably,this catalyst represents a satisfactory NH3 yield rate of 10.53μg h^(−1) mg^(−1) in the home-made simulation device,where commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell was employed as power source,air and ultrapure water as feed stock.The as-proposed strategy represents great potential toward ammonia production in terms of financial cost according to the systematic technical economic analysis.This work is of significance for large-scale green ammonia production.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan Project(grant number:2022YFC3600904)The funding organization had no role in the survey’s design,implementation,and analysis.
文摘Objective:Network analysis was used to explore the complex inter-relationships between social participation activities and depressive symptoms among the Chinese older population,and the differences in network structures among different genders,age groups,and urban-rural residency would be compared.Methods:Based on the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),12,043 people aged 65 to 105 were included.The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CESD)Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms and 10 types of social participation activities were collected,including housework,tai-chi,square dancing,visiting and interacting with friends,garden work,reading newspapers or books,raising domestic animals,playing cards or mahjong,watching TV or listening to radio,and organized social activities.R 4.2.1 software was used to estimate the network model and calculate strength and bridge strength.Results:21.60%(2,601/12,043)of the participants had depressive symptoms.The total social participation score was negatively associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographic factors.The network of social participation and depressive symptoms showed that“D9(Inability to get going)”and“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”had the highest strength within depressive symptoms and social participation communities,respectively,and“S1(Housework)”,“S9(Watching TV and/or listening to the radio)”,and“D5(Hopelessness)”were the most prominent bridging nodes between the two communities.Most edges linking the two communities were negative.“S5(Graden work)-D5(Hopelessness)”and“S6(Reading newspapers/books)-D4(Everything was an effort)”were the top 2 strongest negative edges.Older females had significantly denser network structures than older males.Compared to older people aged 65e80,the age group 81e105 showed higher network global strength.Conclusions:This study provides novel insights into the complex relationships between social participation and depressive symptoms.Except for doing housework,other social participation activities were found to be protective for depression levels.Different nursing strategies should be taken to prevent and alleviate depressive symptoms for different genders and older people of different ages.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.U2167217,12205286,and 11905025)the National MCF Energy Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2018YFE0308105)。
文摘Numerous irradiation-induced gas bubbles are created in the nuclear fuel during irradiation, leading to the change of microstructure and the degradation of mechanical and thermal properties. The grain size of fuel is one of the important factors affecting bubble evolution. In current study, we first predict the thermodynamic behaviors of point defects as well as the interplay between vacancy and gas atom in both UO_(2) and U_(3)Si_(2) according to ab initio approach. Then, we establish the irradiation-induced bubble phase-field model to investigate the formation and evolution of intra-and inter-granular gas bubbles. The effects of fission rate and temperature on the evolutions of bubble morphologies in UO_(2) and U_(3)Si_(2) have been revealed. Especially, a comparison of porosities under different grain sizes is examined and analyzed. To understand the thermal conductivity as functions of grain size and porosity, the heat transfer capability of U_(3)Si_(2) is evaluated.
基金funded by a key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China called“Research on the Energy Process of Rapid Change of Arctic”(Grant Nos.41941012 and 41976022)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42276239 and 42106221)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2022MD076)Ph.D Foundation“Variation of Arctic Sea Ice Age and Its Relationship with Atmospheric Circulation Field”(Grant No.PY112101).
文摘Besides the rapid retreating trend of Arctic sea-ice extent(SIE),this study found the most outstanding low-frequency variation of SIE to be a 4-6-year periodic variation.Using a clustering analysis algorithm,the SIE in most ice-covered regions was clustered into two special regions:Region-1 around the Barents Sea and Region-2 around the Canadian Basin,which were located on either side of the Arctic Transpolar Drift.Clear 4-6-year periodic variation in these two regions was identified using a novel method called“running linear fitting algorithm”.The rate of temporal variation of the Arctic SIE was related to three driving factors:the regional air temperature,the sea-ice areal flux across the Arctic Transpolar Drift,and the divergence of sea-ice drift.The 4-6-year periodic variation was found to have always been present since 1979,but the SIE responded to different factors under heavy and light ice conditions divided by the year 2005.The joint contribution of the three factors to SIE variation exceeded 83%and 59%in the two regions,respectively,remarkably reflecting their dynamic mechanism.It is proven that the process of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is closely associated with the three factors,being the fundamental source of the 4-6-year periodic variations of Arctic SIE.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB4000602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21988101,22279130,21633011)+1 种基金the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund(2023RJ016)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(x LYC2002076)。
文摘Hydride ion(H-)conductors have drawn much attention due to their potential applications in hydrideion-based devices.Rare earth metal hydrides(REH_(x))have fast H-conduction which,unfortunately,is accompanied by detrimental electron conduction preventing their application as ion conductors.Here,REH_(x)(RE=Nd,Ce,and Pr)with varied grain sizes,rich grain boundaries,and defects have been prepared by ball milling and subsequent sintering.The electronic conductivity of the ball-milled REH_(x)samples can be reduced by 2-4 orders of magnitude compared with the non-ball-milled samples.The relationship of electron conduction and miscrostructures in REH_(x)is studied and discussed based on experimental data and previously-proposed classical and quantum theories.The H-conductivity of all REH_(x)is about 10^(-4)to 10^(-3)S cm^(-1)at room temperature,showing promise for the development of H-conductors and their applications in clean energy storage and conversion.
