The morphology of active layer in bulk heterojunction(BHJ) organic solar cells is decisive to the device performance. Previous works have shown that the solvent engineering is an effective method to optimize the morph...The morphology of active layer in bulk heterojunction(BHJ) organic solar cells is decisive to the device performance. Previous works have shown that the solvent engineering is an effective method to optimize the morphology of active layer. However, screening the proper solvent is a tedious task, and we know very little about how to select a proper solvent for a particular system, especially for polymer/nonfullerene blend systems. Here, we combined the spectroscopic analysis in various solvent mixtures during film-forming process to reveal the relationship among the cosolvent characteristics, film-forming kinetics and film morphology. In this article, P3 HT/O-IDTBR blend was selected as model system due to being facile synthesized under a large-scale. Chlorobenzene(CB) was selected as main solvent, and the cosolvents were grouped into three categories according to its boiling point(bp) compared to CB.The cosolvents with lower bp, like chloroform(CF), can facilitate a faster film-forming process, reducing the domain size but sacrificing the crystallinity of both components. For the cosolvents with higher bp,like o-dichlorobenzene(DCB) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene(TCB), the self-organization process of P3 HT and O-IDTBR is separated and its duration was extended, constructing highly crystalline nanointerpenetrating network. However, the cosolvents with very high bp, such as chlornaphthalene(CN),would residue in film and keep P3 HT and O-IDTBR self-organizing for longer time, leading to larger phase separation. This work systematically investigated the effect of cosolvent on the film-forming kinetics, and proposed a guideline of how to select a proper cosolvent according to the crystallinity and domain size of active layer.展开更多
This paper mainly aims at the recycling status of domestic waste batteries, and thus puts forward a concept of integrating environmental protection, recycling and the Internet. This paper puts forward a concept integr...This paper mainly aims at the recycling status of domestic waste batteries, and thus puts forward a concept of integrating environmental protection, recycling and the Internet. This paper puts forward a concept integrating environmental protection, recycling and Internet. Through the transformation of the existing automatic vending machine, this paper designs a new battery recycling equipment. The equipment can detect the recyclable heavy metal content of the invested waste battery based on the inductive coupling principle. According to the actual market value of heavy metal elements, the users who invest in the waste battery can be paid back through the corresponding Internet system, so as to reduce the impact of the waste battery on the environment and human health. Through the transformation of the existing vending machine, a new battery recycling equipment is designed. The equipment can detect the content of recyclable heavy metal elements in the waste batteries, and pay for recycling through the proportion of the content.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51773203, 51903211)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (D5000200273)。
文摘The morphology of active layer in bulk heterojunction(BHJ) organic solar cells is decisive to the device performance. Previous works have shown that the solvent engineering is an effective method to optimize the morphology of active layer. However, screening the proper solvent is a tedious task, and we know very little about how to select a proper solvent for a particular system, especially for polymer/nonfullerene blend systems. Here, we combined the spectroscopic analysis in various solvent mixtures during film-forming process to reveal the relationship among the cosolvent characteristics, film-forming kinetics and film morphology. In this article, P3 HT/O-IDTBR blend was selected as model system due to being facile synthesized under a large-scale. Chlorobenzene(CB) was selected as main solvent, and the cosolvents were grouped into three categories according to its boiling point(bp) compared to CB.The cosolvents with lower bp, like chloroform(CF), can facilitate a faster film-forming process, reducing the domain size but sacrificing the crystallinity of both components. For the cosolvents with higher bp,like o-dichlorobenzene(DCB) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene(TCB), the self-organization process of P3 HT and O-IDTBR is separated and its duration was extended, constructing highly crystalline nanointerpenetrating network. However, the cosolvents with very high bp, such as chlornaphthalene(CN),would residue in film and keep P3 HT and O-IDTBR self-organizing for longer time, leading to larger phase separation. This work systematically investigated the effect of cosolvent on the film-forming kinetics, and proposed a guideline of how to select a proper cosolvent according to the crystallinity and domain size of active layer.
文摘This paper mainly aims at the recycling status of domestic waste batteries, and thus puts forward a concept of integrating environmental protection, recycling and the Internet. This paper puts forward a concept integrating environmental protection, recycling and Internet. Through the transformation of the existing automatic vending machine, this paper designs a new battery recycling equipment. The equipment can detect the recyclable heavy metal content of the invested waste battery based on the inductive coupling principle. According to the actual market value of heavy metal elements, the users who invest in the waste battery can be paid back through the corresponding Internet system, so as to reduce the impact of the waste battery on the environment and human health. Through the transformation of the existing vending machine, a new battery recycling equipment is designed. The equipment can detect the content of recyclable heavy metal elements in the waste batteries, and pay for recycling through the proportion of the content.
