Brassinosteroids(BRs)are essential phytohormones that broadly regulate plant growth,development,and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.In Arabidopsis,apoplastic BR molecules are perceived by a plasma membrane-l...Brassinosteroids(BRs)are essential phytohormones that broadly regulate plant growth,development,and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.In Arabidopsis,apoplastic BR molecules are perceived by a plasma membrane-localized receptor complex comprising the ligand-binding receptor BRI1 and the co-receptor BAK1.While negative regulators of the BR receptor complex,such as BKI1,BIR3,and PUB12/13,have been well characterized,how BRI1 and BAK1 are positively modulated in the BR pathway remains largely unknown.In this study,a genetic screen involving overexpression of RLP genes in the bak1-3 bkk1-1 double mutant reveals that enhanced RLP51 expression partially suppresses the BR-deficient phenotypes of bak1-3 bkk1-1.RLP51 overexpression also partially rescues the weak bri1 mutant allele,bri1-301.Although the rlp51 single mutant exhibits wild-type-like phenotypes,it enhances BR-defective phenotypes in bri1-301 and bak1 serk1 mutants.RLP51 is next found to interact with both BRI1 and BAK1 without affecting BRI1–BAK1 interaction.Critically,co-expression of RLP51 with BRI1 or BAK1 significantly increases BRI1 and BAK1 protein abundances.RLP51 appears to promote protein synthesis rather than stabilize BRI1 and BAK1 proteins.Thus,our study identifies RLP51 as a positive regulator of BR signaling that enhances the protein levels of BRI1 and BAK1.展开更多
In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of roc...In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of rocks after stress relief introduces errors.To improve accuracy,this study proposes an in-situ stress solution theory that incorporates time-dependent stress relief effects.Triaxial stepwise loadingunloading rheological tests on granite and siltstone established quantitative relationships between instantaneous elastic recovery and viscoelastic recovery under different stress levels,confirming their impact on measurement accuracy.By integrating a dual-class elastic deformation recovery model,an improved in-situ stress solution theory was derived.Additionally,accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of rock masses,a determination method for time-dependent nonlinear mechanical parameters was proposed.Based on the CSIRO hollow inclusion strain cell,time-dependent strain correction equations and long-term confining pressure calibration equations were formulated.Finally,the proposed theory was successfully applied at one iron mine(736 m depth)in Xinjiang,China,and one coal mine(510 m depth)in Ningxia,China.Compared to classical theory,the calculated mean stress values showed accuracy improvements of 6.0%and 9.4%,respectively,validating the applicability and reliability of the proposed theory.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)considerably affects global health,and its progression is intricately tied to interactions within the tumormicroenvironment.This review focuses on the intricate crosstalk between metabolic reprog...Colorectal cancer(CRC)considerably affects global health,and its progression is intricately tied to interactions within the tumormicroenvironment.This review focuses on the intricate crosstalk between metabolic reprogramming in CRC cells and the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME),thereby emphasizing the dual functionality of metabolic pathways in tumor growth and immune regulation.Furthermore,the review delves into key metabolic changes,including alterations in glucose,lipid,iron,and ammonia metabolism,and their profound effects on the immune landscape of CRC.Enhanced glycolysis and lipid metabolism facilitate tumor survival and proliferation,while establishing an immunosuppressive TIME that hinders effective immune responses.Moreover,the roles of iron and ammonia metabolism in immune evasion and tumor progression were explored,and these metabolic pathways presented as promising targets to improve CRC therapy.By conducting a comprehensive analysis of recent studies,this review provides insights into potential therapeutic targets within these metabolic interactions,with the aim of enhancing the efficacy of existing treatments and devising novel strategies for combating CRC.展开更多
The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages(Mϕ)is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis,and the degradation function of Mϕis mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes.In our prelimin...The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages(Mϕ)is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis,and the degradation function of Mϕis mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes.In our preliminary experiments,we found that overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2)reduced the ability of Mϕto degrade engulfed tumour cells.Above this,we screened out liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,which can significantly inhibit NOX2 activity and inhibit tumours,to elucidate that suppressing NOX2 can enhance the ability of Mϕto degrade tumour cells.We found that the tumour environment could activate the NOX2 activity in Mϕphagosomes,causing Mϕto produce excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),thus prohibiting the formation of phagolysosomes before degradation.Conversely,inhibiting NOX2 in Mϕby liquiritin can reduce ROS and promote phagosome-lysosome fusion,therefore improving the enzymatic degradation of tumour cells after phagocytosis,and subsequently promote T cell activity by presenting antigens.We further confirmed that liquiritin down-regulated the expression of the NOX2 specific membrane component protein gp91 phox,blocking its binding to the NOX2 cytoplasmic component proteins p67 phox and p47 phox,thereby inhibiting the activity of NOX2.This study elucidates the specific mechanism by which Mϕcannot degrade tumour cells after phagocytosis,and indicates that liquiritin can promote the ability of Mϕto degrade tumour cells by suppressing NOX2.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To probe the toxicity and relative application theory of the commonly-used traditional Chinese herbal drug Taoren(Semen Persicae),and set up a correct attitude and principle and method to use Taoren(Semen Pe...OBJECTIVE:To probe the toxicity and relative application theory of the commonly-used traditional Chinese herbal drug Taoren(Semen Persicae),and set up a correct attitude and principle and method to use Taoren(Semen Persicae) for treating the syndrome of stagnation of blood stasis and others in TCM clinic.METHODS:In this study,we analyzed and probed the ancient and modern literature research about Taoren(Semen Persicae),and summarized the realization of its toxicity and application contraindications in ancient herbals and the research assertion of its processing,drug-nature,pharmacologic actions,adverse reaction,and clinical reasonable application in modern literature.RESULTS:We found that some TCM doctors were worried about the effect of Taoren(Semen Persicae) 's disintegrating blood stasis to impair body's healthy Qi and its toxicity,and were not good at using this herb.And some patients were afraid of its toxic and side-effect not to take it.In the ancient and modern literatures some proper hates of Taoren(Semen Persicae) existed,and the toxicity component was also clear-cut,and the applications of Taoren(Semen Persicae) were in many fields especially the gynecological and traumatological diseases.The key root of toxicity generation and unreasonable application of Taoren(Semen Persicae) lies in taking without syndrome differentiation or using with overdosage.CONCLUSION:Under the precondition of correct processing,treatment based on syndrome differentiation,and taking the dosage stipulated by laws to apply Taoren(Semen Persicae) should be quite safe.The ancient and modern literature records and researches about Taoren(Semen Persicae) provide the determinate reference for understanding Taoren(Semen Persicae)'s efficacy and drug-nature(toxicity) more objectively and also for further correctly clinic recognition and research on Taoren(Semen Persicae).展开更多
Significant developments have been made in the past few decades for lanthanide(Ln)ions doped fluorosilicate glass-ceramics(Flusi-GCs).As novel generation of luminescence materials with a wide range of applications,Flu...Significant developments have been made in the past few decades for lanthanide(Ln)ions doped fluorosilicate glass-ceramics(Flusi-GCs).As novel generation of luminescence materials with a wide range of applications,Flusi-GCs as a single host combine the advantages of glass and ceramics/crystals as well as fluorides and silicates.In this review,the chemical design principles and experimental procedures of Flusi-GCs are summarized in detail.Flusi-GCs are categorized as those containing PbxCd_(1-x)F_(2),RF_(3)(R=Y,La,Gd),MF_(2)(M=Ca,Sr,Ba),xMF_(2)-yRF_(3)(R=Y,La-Lu),mAF-nRF_(3)(A=Li,Na,K),KTF_(3)(T=Zn,Mn)and K2 SiF6 nanocrystals(NCs).Theoretical breakthroughs mainly by molecular dynamic(MD)simulation have been recapitulated as efficient routes for composition-design,nano-crystallization-prediction,and performance-optimization of Flusi-GCs containing target fluoride NCs.Essential research progresses pertaining photonic applications have been made in random lasers,communication amplifiers,optical fibers,spectral converters,white light-emitting-diodes(WLEDs),and thermal sensors.In the end,we propose three future research directions for Flusi-GCs.展开更多
Marine symbiotic fungi represent an intriguing source of discovery of novel secondary metabolites with various biological activities.Sea anemones are benthic marine invertebrates,however,the cultivable symbiotic fungi...Marine symbiotic fungi represent an intriguing source of discovery of novel secondary metabolites with various biological activities.Sea anemones are benthic marine invertebrates,however,the cultivable symbiotic fungi residing in the sea anemones are paid few attentions compared to those derived from their cnidarian counterparts.Here we show the identification of antimicrobial secondary metabolites from the sea anemone-derived symbiotic fungi.Out offive isolated fungal strains,only the strain SMA01 showed strong antimicrobial activities,which was assigned into the genus Emericella based on the morphological characteristics and the ITS sequencing.Media swift from liquid fermentation to solid rice medium presented little influence on its antibacterial activity.A chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the Emericella sp.SMA01 led to discovery of the primary antibiotic metabolite phenazine-1-carboxylic acid.The IC_(50) values of the phenazine-1-carboxylic acid against Phytophthora capsici,Gibberella zeae,and Verticillium dahliae were determined to be 23.26-53.89μg/mL.To the best of our knowledge,this was the first report of Emericella sp.in sea anemones.The current study may benefit understanding of the defensive chemical interactions between the symbiotic fungi and their host sea anemones.展开更多
Silicon(Si)is regarded as a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,the drastic volume change and the continuous solid electrolyte interphas...Silicon(Si)is regarded as a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,the drastic volume change and the continuous solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation during the lithiation/delithiation process seriously hinder its practical application as commercial anodes.Herein,macrocyclic betacyclodextrin(β-CD)has been designed as the diffusion channel for lithium ions at the molecular scale.The diameter of molecular channel is approximately comparable with the solvated lithium ions,which enables the transport of lithium ions and prevents the penetration of solvent molecules.Moreover,the addition ofβ-CD changes the formation behavior of SEI layer and stabilizes the Si nanoparticles.The enhanced electrochemical performances in terms of fast kinetics and improved stability have been achieved.The Si anode with the particularly selected lithium-ion diffusion channel and stabilized SEI layer exhibits a high reversible capability of 2562 m Ah g-1 after 50 cycles at the current density of 500 m A g-1,1944 m Ah g-1 after 200 cycles at the current density of 1 A g-1,and high rate performance.The novel strategy of molecular channel for lithium-ion diffusion offers new insights into the design of alloy-typed anode electrodes with high capacity for lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
As the end products of cellular regulatory processes,metabolites provide the link between genotypes and phenotypes.Althoughmetabolites have been widely applied for functional gene detection and phenotype prediction in...As the end products of cellular regulatory processes,metabolites provide the link between genotypes and phenotypes.Althoughmetabolites have been widely applied for functional gene detection and phenotype prediction in maize,there is little research focusing on the genetic information of metabolites per se.Here,we performed genetic analyses for the kernel metabolites of 11 parental inbred lines of six representative maize varieties,including Zhongdan 2,Danyu 13,Yedan 13,Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 355,and Suyu 16,as well as their 26 reciprocal hybrids.We identified a total of 208 metabolites in maize kernels using untargeted metabolite profiling technology.Both cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicated that kernel metabolites could distinguish hybrids from their parents.Analysis of variance further revealed that 163 metabolites exhibited significant differences between parents and hybrids,and 40 metabolites showed significant differences between reciprocal crosses.We also investigated the genetic effects and heterosis for each metabolite.By taking all hybrids into consideration,about two-thirds of all metabolites displayed overdominant with 36.8%and 31%of them displaying positive overdominant and negative overdominant,respectively.Besides,27.5%and 20.4%of all hybrid combinations showed significant mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis,respectively.Our findings revealed that kernel metabolites exhibited the diversity of relationship between maize hybrids and their parental lines.Additionally,we identified 25 significant metabolicmarkers related to 11 agronomic traits using the LASSO method.Seven metabolic markers were associated with more than one trait simultaneously.These results provide a genetic basis for further utilization of metabolites in the genetic improvement of maize.展开更多
Climate change has led to significant fluctuations in marine ecosystems,including alterations in the structure and function of food webs and ecosystem status.Coastal ecosystems are critical to the functioning of the e...Climate change has led to significant fluctuations in marine ecosystems,including alterations in the structure and function of food webs and ecosystem status.Coastal ecosystems are critical to the functioning of the earth’s lifesupporting systems.However,temporal variations in most of these ecosystems have remained unclear so far.In this study,we employed a linear inverse model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo(LIM-MCMC)combined with ecological network analysis to reveal the temporal variations of the food web in Haizhou Bay of China.Food webs were constructed based on diet composition data in this ecosystem during the year of 2011 and 2018.Results indicated that there were obvious temporal variations in the composition of food webs in autumn of 2011 and 2018.The number of prey and predators for most species in food web decreased in 2018 compared with 2011,especially for Trichiurus lepturus,zooplankton,Amblychaeturichthys hexanema,and Loligo sp.Ecological network analysis showed that the complexity of food web structure could be reflected by comprehensive analysis of compartmentalized indicators.Haizhou Bay ecosystem was more mature and stable in 2011,while the ecosystem’s self-sustainability and recovery from disturbances were accelerated from 2011 to 2018.These findings contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of marine ecosystems and highlight the importance of comprehensive analysis of marine food webs.This work provides a framework for assessing and comparing temporal variations in marine ecosystems,which provides essential information and scientific guidance for the Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management.展开更多
Cortical spreading depression(CSD),which is a significant pathological phenomenon that correlates with migraines and cerebral ischemia,has been characterized by a wave of depolarization among neuronal cells and propag...Cortical spreading depression(CSD),which is a significant pathological phenomenon that correlates with migraines and cerebral ischemia,has been characterized by a wave of depolarization among neuronal cells and propagates across the cortex at a rate of 2–5mm/min.Although the propagation pattern of CSD was well-investigated using high-resolution optical imaging technique,the variation of propagation speed of CSD across different regions of cortex was not well-concerned,partially because of the lack of ideal approach to visualize two-dimensional distribution of propagation speed of CSD over the whole imaged cortex.Here,we have presented a method to compute automatically the propagation speed of CSD throughout every spots in the imaged cortex.In this method,temporal clustering analysis(TCA)and least square estimation(LSE)were first used to detect origin site where CSD was induced.Taking the origin site of CSD as the origin of coordinates,the data matrix of each image was transformed into the corresponding points based on the polar-coordinate representation.Then,two fixed-distance regions of interest(ROIs)are sliding along with the radial coordinate at each polar angle within the image for calculating the time lag with correlating algorithm.Finally,we could draw a twodimensional image,in which the value of each pixel represented the velocity of CSD when it spread through the corresponding area of the imaged cortex.The results demonstrated that the method can reveal the heterogeneity of propagation speed of CSD in the imaged cortex with high fidelity and intuition.展开更多
The nutritional composition and overall quality of maize kernels are largely determined by the key chemical com-ponents:protein,oil,and starch.Nevertheless,the genetic basis underlying these nutritional quality traits...The nutritional composition and overall quality of maize kernels are largely determined by the key chemical com-ponents:protein,oil,and starch.Nevertheless,the genetic basis underlying these nutritional quality traits during grainfilling remains poorly understood.In this study,the concentrations of protein,oil,and starch were studied in 204 recombinant inbred lines resulting from a cross between DH1M and T877 at four different stages post-pollination.All the traits exhibited considerable phenotypic variation.During the grain-filling stage,the levels of protein and starch content generally increased,whereas oil content decreased,with significant changes observed between 30 and 40 days after pollination.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping was conducted and a total of 32 QTLs,comprising 14,12,and 6 QTLs for grain protein,oil,and starch content were detected,respectively.Few QTLs were consistently detectable across different time points.By integrating QTL analysis,glo-bal gene expression profiling,and comparative genomics,we identified 157,86,and 54 differentially expressed genes harboring nonsynonymous substitutions between the parental lines for grain protein,oil,and starch con-tent,respectively.Subsequent gene function annotation prioritized 15 candidate genes potentially involved in reg-ulating grain quality traits,including those encoding transcription factors(NAC,MADS-box,bZIP,and MYB),cell wall invertase,cellulose-synthase-like protein,cell division cycle protein,trehalase,auxin-responsive factor,and phloem protein 2-A13.Our study offers significant insights into the genetic architecture of maize kernel nutritional quality and identifies promising QTLs and candidate genes,which are crucial for the genetic enhance-ment of these traits in maize breeding programs.展开更多
Sulfonylation is extensively used to label DNA and RNA,assess their interactions,and quantify components including nucleobases and nucleosides/nucleotides although the sulfonylation sites remain controversial.Here,we ...Sulfonylation is extensively used to label DNA and RNA,assess their interactions,and quantify components including nucleobases and nucleosides/nucleotides although the sulfonylation sites remain controversial.Here,we systematically investigated the sulfonylation of adenine(ade)and its nucleosides/nucleotides with 5-(dimethylamino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride(DNS-Cl),5-(diethylamino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride(DEANS-Cl),and 5-((N,N-diethylleucyl)amino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride(DELANS-Cl).Detailed spectral analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)showed similar sulfonylation behaviors among the reagents.For ade,its secondary amine in the imidazole ring(N9 H)sulfonylated more readily than the exocyclic amino group(N6 H2).For adenosine and its nucleotides,the 20-OH group in the ribosyl moiety was preferably sulfonylated,whereas the 30-OH was the preferred site for 20-deoxyadenosine and its nucleotides.Alkylation and amidation of the aromatic amino group in these 5-amino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chlorides did not influence the sulfonylation preferences.This offered a reliable approach and comprehensive details of such sites for ade and its nucleosides/nucleotides.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa)provides a staple food source for more than half the world population.However,the current pace of rice breeding in yield growth is insufficient to meet the food demand of the everincreasing global po...Rice(Oryza sativa)provides a staple food source for more than half the world population.However,the current pace of rice breeding in yield growth is insufficient to meet the food demand of the everincreasing global population.Genomic selection(GS)holds a great potential to accelerate breeding progress and is cost-effective via early selection before phenotypes are measured.Previous simulation and experimental studies have demonstrated the usefulness of GS in rice breeding.However,several affecting factors and limitations require careful consideration when performing GS.In this review,we summarize the major genetics and statistical factors affecting predictive performance as well as current progress in the application of GS to rice breeding.We also highlight effective strategies to increase the predictive ability of various models,including GS models incorporating functional markers,genotype by environment interactions,multiple traits,selection index,and multiple omic data.Finally,we envision that integrating GS with other advanced breeding technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and open-source breeding platforms will further improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of breeding.展开更多
Dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits is an ongoing challenge for geneticists.Two complementary approaches for genetic mapping,linkage mapping and association mapping have led to successful dissection ...Dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits is an ongoing challenge for geneticists.Two complementary approaches for genetic mapping,linkage mapping and association mapping have led to successful dissection of complex traits in many crop species.Both of these methods detect quantitative trait loci(QTL) by identifying marker–trait associations,and the only fundamental difference between them is that between mapping populations,which directly determine mapping resolution and power.Based on this difference,we first summarize in this review the advances and limitations of family-based mapping and natural population-based mapping instead of linkage mapping and association mapping.We then describe statistical methods used for improving detection power and computational speed and outline emerging areas such as large-scale meta-analysis for genetic mapping in crops.In the era of next-generation sequencing,there has arisen an urgent need for proper population design,advanced statistical strategies,and precision phenotyping to fully exploit high-throughput genotyping.展开更多
Recently,abundant resources,low-cost sodium-ion batteries are deemed to the new-generation battery in the field of largescale energy storage.Nevertheless,poor active reaction dynamics,dissolution of intermediates and ...Recently,abundant resources,low-cost sodium-ion batteries are deemed to the new-generation battery in the field of largescale energy storage.Nevertheless,poor active reaction dynamics,dissolution of intermediates and electrolyte matching problems are significant challenges that need to be solved.Herein,dimensional gradient structure of sheet-tube-dots is constructed with CoSe2@CNTs-MXene.Gradient structure is conducive to fast migration of electrons and ions with the association of ether electrolyte.For half-cell,CoSe2@CNTs-MXene exhibits high initial coulomb efficiency(81.7%)and excellent cycling performance(400 mAh g^-1 cycling for 200 times in 2 Ag^−1).Phase transformation pathway from crystalline CoSe2-Na2Se with Co and then amorphous CoSe2 in the discharge/charge process is also explored by in situ X-ray diffraction.Density functional theory study discloses the CoSe2@CNTs-MXene in ether electrolyte system which contributes to stable sodium storage performance owing to the strong adsorption force from hierarchical structure and weak interaction between electrolyte and electrode interface.For full cell,CoSe2@CNTs-MXene//Na3V2(PO4)3/C full battery can also afford a competitively reversible capacity of 280 mAh g^−1 over 50 cycles.Concisely,profiting from dimensional gradient structure and matched electrolyte of CoSe2@CNTs-MXene hold great application potential for stable sodium storage.展开更多
A series of Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb high-entropy alloys with different Mo concentrations were developed as candidate materials for hydrogen/tritium storage in solid phase.The crystal structures and hydrogenation properties of ...A series of Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb high-entropy alloys with different Mo concentrations were developed as candidate materials for hydrogen/tritium storage in solid phase.The crystal structures and hydrogenation properties of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry techniques.All the alloys have a body-centred cubic single phase structure.The results demonstrate that the cell volume of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb hydride decreases with increasing Mo concentration,which reduces their thermal stability.The theoretical calculation proposes that the lower binding energy of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb hydride decreases the thermal stability of Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys with higher Mo content.The great hydrogenation performance for all the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys is owing to their reversible single-phase transformation during the hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle,which would be bene ficial to improving the hydrogen recycling rate and preventing the disproportionation.The compositional dependence of the hydrogenation performance of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys was established and will be useful in designing novel hydrogen/tritium storage materials to satisfy the requirements of diffe rent application fields in hydrogen,solar thermal and nuclear energy.展开更多
Stalk strength increases resistance to stalk lodging,which causes maize(Zea mays L.)production losses worldwide.The genetic mechanisms regulating stalk strength remain unclear.In this study,three stalk strength-relate...Stalk strength increases resistance to stalk lodging,which causes maize(Zea mays L.)production losses worldwide.The genetic mechanisms regulating stalk strength remain unclear.In this study,three stalk strength-related traits(rind penetrometer resistance,stalk crushing strength,and stalk bending strength)and four plant architecture traits(plant height,ear height,stem diameter,stem length)were measured in three field trials.Substantial phenotypic variation was detected for these traits.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted using general and mixed linear models and 372,331 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).A total of 94 quantitative trait loci including 241 SNPs were detected.By combining the GWAS data with public gene expression data,56 candidate genes within 50 kb of the significant SNPs were identified,including genes encoding flavonol synthase(GRMZM2G069298,ZmFLS2),nitrate reductase(GRMZM5G878558,ZmNR2),glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase(GRMZM2G027955),and laccase(GRMZM2G447271).Resequencing GRMZM2G069298 and GRMZM5G878558 in all tested lines revealed respectively 47 and 2 variants associated with RPR.Comparison of the RPR of the zmnr2EMS mutant and the wild-type plant under high-and low-nitrogen conditions verified the GRMZM5G878558 function.These findings may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of stalk strength.The identified candidate genes and variants may be useful for the genetic improvement of maize lodging resistance.展开更多
Genomic selection(GS)is a powerful tool for improving genetic gain in maize breeding.However,its routine application in large-scale breeding pipelines is limited by the high cost of genotyping platforms.Although seque...Genomic selection(GS)is a powerful tool for improving genetic gain in maize breeding.However,its routine application in large-scale breeding pipelines is limited by the high cost of genotyping platforms.Although sequencing-based and array-based genotyping platforms have been used for GS,few studies have compared prediction performance among platforms.In this study,we evaluated the predictabilities of four agronomic traits in 305 maize hybrids derived from 149 parental lines subjected to genotyping by sequencing(GBS),a 40K SNP array,and target sequence capture(TSC)using eight GS models.The GBS marker dataset yielded the highest predictabilities for all traits,followed by TSC and SNP array datasets.We investigated the effect of marker density and statistical models on predictability among genotyping platforms and found that 1K SNPs were sufficient to achieve comparable predictabilities to 10K and all SNPs,and BayesB,GBLUP,and RKHS performed well,while XGBoost performed poorly in most cases.We also selected significant SNP subsets using genome-wide association study(GWAS)analyses in three panels to predict hybrid performance.GWAS facilitated selecting effective SNP subsets for GS and thus reduced genotyping cost,but depended heavily on the GWAS panel.We conclude that there is still room for optimization of the existing SNP array,and using genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)techniques to integrate a few functional markers identified by GWAS into the 1K SNP array holds great promise of being an effective strategy for developing desirable GS breeding arrays.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370295 and 32170280 to K.H.)Foundation of Science and Technology of Gansu Province(22ZD6NA049)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2021-kb05 to Y.F.and lzujbky-2023-kb05 to P.L.)the Science and Technology Department of Gansu Province(24JRRA392 to K.H.and 23JRRA1132 to C.X.)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M751259 and GZB20240285 to B.L.)Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(25JRRA718 to B.L.).
文摘Brassinosteroids(BRs)are essential phytohormones that broadly regulate plant growth,development,and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.In Arabidopsis,apoplastic BR molecules are perceived by a plasma membrane-localized receptor complex comprising the ligand-binding receptor BRI1 and the co-receptor BAK1.While negative regulators of the BR receptor complex,such as BKI1,BIR3,and PUB12/13,have been well characterized,how BRI1 and BAK1 are positively modulated in the BR pathway remains largely unknown.In this study,a genetic screen involving overexpression of RLP genes in the bak1-3 bkk1-1 double mutant reveals that enhanced RLP51 expression partially suppresses the BR-deficient phenotypes of bak1-3 bkk1-1.RLP51 overexpression also partially rescues the weak bri1 mutant allele,bri1-301.Although the rlp51 single mutant exhibits wild-type-like phenotypes,it enhances BR-defective phenotypes in bri1-301 and bak1 serk1 mutants.RLP51 is next found to interact with both BRI1 and BAK1 without affecting BRI1–BAK1 interaction.Critically,co-expression of RLP51 with BRI1 or BAK1 significantly increases BRI1 and BAK1 protein abundances.RLP51 appears to promote protein synthesis rather than stabilize BRI1 and BAK1 proteins.Thus,our study identifies RLP51 as a positive regulator of BR signaling that enhances the protein levels of BRI1 and BAK1.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2024ZD1700201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2034206,51974014 and 51574014)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515011631)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFC3004601)。
文摘In-situ stress is a key parameter for underground mine design and rock stability analysis.The borehole overcoring technique is widely used for in-situ stress measurement,but the rheological recovery deformation of rocks after stress relief introduces errors.To improve accuracy,this study proposes an in-situ stress solution theory that incorporates time-dependent stress relief effects.Triaxial stepwise loadingunloading rheological tests on granite and siltstone established quantitative relationships between instantaneous elastic recovery and viscoelastic recovery under different stress levels,confirming their impact on measurement accuracy.By integrating a dual-class elastic deformation recovery model,an improved in-situ stress solution theory was derived.Additionally,accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of rock masses,a determination method for time-dependent nonlinear mechanical parameters was proposed.Based on the CSIRO hollow inclusion strain cell,time-dependent strain correction equations and long-term confining pressure calibration equations were formulated.Finally,the proposed theory was successfully applied at one iron mine(736 m depth)in Xinjiang,China,and one coal mine(510 m depth)in Ningxia,China.Compared to classical theory,the calculated mean stress values showed accuracy improvements of 6.0%and 9.4%,respectively,validating the applicability and reliability of the proposed theory.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)considerably affects global health,and its progression is intricately tied to interactions within the tumormicroenvironment.This review focuses on the intricate crosstalk between metabolic reprogramming in CRC cells and the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME),thereby emphasizing the dual functionality of metabolic pathways in tumor growth and immune regulation.Furthermore,the review delves into key metabolic changes,including alterations in glucose,lipid,iron,and ammonia metabolism,and their profound effects on the immune landscape of CRC.Enhanced glycolysis and lipid metabolism facilitate tumor survival and proliferation,while establishing an immunosuppressive TIME that hinders effective immune responses.Moreover,the roles of iron and ammonia metabolism in immune evasion and tumor progression were explored,and these metabolic pathways presented as promising targets to improve CRC therapy.By conducting a comprehensive analysis of recent studies,this review provides insights into potential therapeutic targets within these metabolic interactions,with the aim of enhancing the efficacy of existing treatments and devising novel strategies for combating CRC.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82074092)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.:2023A1515011141)+1 种基金Research projects in Key Fields of Universities in Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.:2023ZDZX2020)Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.:202201011631).
文摘The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages(Mϕ)is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis,and the degradation function of Mϕis mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes.In our preliminary experiments,we found that overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2)reduced the ability of Mϕto degrade engulfed tumour cells.Above this,we screened out liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,which can significantly inhibit NOX2 activity and inhibit tumours,to elucidate that suppressing NOX2 can enhance the ability of Mϕto degrade tumour cells.We found that the tumour environment could activate the NOX2 activity in Mϕphagosomes,causing Mϕto produce excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),thus prohibiting the formation of phagolysosomes before degradation.Conversely,inhibiting NOX2 in Mϕby liquiritin can reduce ROS and promote phagosome-lysosome fusion,therefore improving the enzymatic degradation of tumour cells after phagocytosis,and subsequently promote T cell activity by presenting antigens.We further confirmed that liquiritin down-regulated the expression of the NOX2 specific membrane component protein gp91 phox,blocking its binding to the NOX2 cytoplasmic component proteins p67 phox and p47 phox,thereby inhibiting the activity of NOX2.This study elucidates the specific mechanism by which Mϕcannot degrade tumour cells after phagocytosis,and indicates that liquiritin can promote the ability of Mϕto degrade tumour cells by suppressing NOX2.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81202659)Scientific Research Start Foundation for New Teacher of Xiamen University (ZK1014)Building Project of English Curriculum-Chinese Materia Medica of Xiamen University (X13200)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To probe the toxicity and relative application theory of the commonly-used traditional Chinese herbal drug Taoren(Semen Persicae),and set up a correct attitude and principle and method to use Taoren(Semen Persicae) for treating the syndrome of stagnation of blood stasis and others in TCM clinic.METHODS:In this study,we analyzed and probed the ancient and modern literature research about Taoren(Semen Persicae),and summarized the realization of its toxicity and application contraindications in ancient herbals and the research assertion of its processing,drug-nature,pharmacologic actions,adverse reaction,and clinical reasonable application in modern literature.RESULTS:We found that some TCM doctors were worried about the effect of Taoren(Semen Persicae) 's disintegrating blood stasis to impair body's healthy Qi and its toxicity,and were not good at using this herb.And some patients were afraid of its toxic and side-effect not to take it.In the ancient and modern literatures some proper hates of Taoren(Semen Persicae) existed,and the toxicity component was also clear-cut,and the applications of Taoren(Semen Persicae) were in many fields especially the gynecological and traumatological diseases.The key root of toxicity generation and unreasonable application of Taoren(Semen Persicae) lies in taking without syndrome differentiation or using with overdosage.CONCLUSION:Under the precondition of correct processing,treatment based on syndrome differentiation,and taking the dosage stipulated by laws to apply Taoren(Semen Persicae) should be quite safe.The ancient and modern literature records and researches about Taoren(Semen Persicae) provide the determinate reference for understanding Taoren(Semen Persicae)'s efficacy and drug-nature(toxicity) more objectively and also for further correctly clinic recognition and research on Taoren(Semen Persicae).
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872255,51672243)。
文摘Significant developments have been made in the past few decades for lanthanide(Ln)ions doped fluorosilicate glass-ceramics(Flusi-GCs).As novel generation of luminescence materials with a wide range of applications,Flusi-GCs as a single host combine the advantages of glass and ceramics/crystals as well as fluorides and silicates.In this review,the chemical design principles and experimental procedures of Flusi-GCs are summarized in detail.Flusi-GCs are categorized as those containing PbxCd_(1-x)F_(2),RF_(3)(R=Y,La,Gd),MF_(2)(M=Ca,Sr,Ba),xMF_(2)-yRF_(3)(R=Y,La-Lu),mAF-nRF_(3)(A=Li,Na,K),KTF_(3)(T=Zn,Mn)and K2 SiF6 nanocrystals(NCs).Theoretical breakthroughs mainly by molecular dynamic(MD)simulation have been recapitulated as efficient routes for composition-design,nano-crystallization-prediction,and performance-optimization of Flusi-GCs containing target fluoride NCs.Essential research progresses pertaining photonic applications have been made in random lasers,communication amplifiers,optical fibers,spectral converters,white light-emitting-diodes(WLEDs),and thermal sensors.In the end,we propose three future research directions for Flusi-GCs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41376004,41406152)the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(No.2018GHY115008)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS,and the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(No.2015ASKJ02)。
文摘Marine symbiotic fungi represent an intriguing source of discovery of novel secondary metabolites with various biological activities.Sea anemones are benthic marine invertebrates,however,the cultivable symbiotic fungi residing in the sea anemones are paid few attentions compared to those derived from their cnidarian counterparts.Here we show the identification of antimicrobial secondary metabolites from the sea anemone-derived symbiotic fungi.Out offive isolated fungal strains,only the strain SMA01 showed strong antimicrobial activities,which was assigned into the genus Emericella based on the morphological characteristics and the ITS sequencing.Media swift from liquid fermentation to solid rice medium presented little influence on its antibacterial activity.A chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the Emericella sp.SMA01 led to discovery of the primary antibiotic metabolite phenazine-1-carboxylic acid.The IC_(50) values of the phenazine-1-carboxylic acid against Phytophthora capsici,Gibberella zeae,and Verticillium dahliae were determined to be 23.26-53.89μg/mL.To the best of our knowledge,this was the first report of Emericella sp.in sea anemones.The current study may benefit understanding of the defensive chemical interactions between the symbiotic fungi and their host sea anemones.
基金financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51874357,51872333)Innovative Research Group of Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2019JJ10006)+3 种基金the support from the 100 Talented Program of Hunan Province“Huxiang high-level talents”program(2019RS1007)support from Shenghua Scholar Program of Central South Universitysupport from JSPS KAKENNHI(18H03869)
文摘Silicon(Si)is regarded as a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,the drastic volume change and the continuous solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation during the lithiation/delithiation process seriously hinder its practical application as commercial anodes.Herein,macrocyclic betacyclodextrin(β-CD)has been designed as the diffusion channel for lithium ions at the molecular scale.The diameter of molecular channel is approximately comparable with the solvated lithium ions,which enables the transport of lithium ions and prevents the penetration of solvent molecules.Moreover,the addition ofβ-CD changes the formation behavior of SEI layer and stabilizes the Si nanoparticles.The enhanced electrochemical performances in terms of fast kinetics and improved stability have been achieved.The Si anode with the particularly selected lithium-ion diffusion channel and stabilized SEI layer exhibits a high reversible capability of 2562 m Ah g-1 after 50 cycles at the current density of 500 m A g-1,1944 m Ah g-1 after 200 cycles at the current density of 1 A g-1,and high rate performance.The novel strategy of molecular channel for lithium-ion diffusion offers new insights into the design of alloy-typed anode electrodes with high capacity for lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801028,41801013,31902101)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100303)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20180939)Qing Lan Project of Yangzhou Universitythe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘As the end products of cellular regulatory processes,metabolites provide the link between genotypes and phenotypes.Althoughmetabolites have been widely applied for functional gene detection and phenotype prediction in maize,there is little research focusing on the genetic information of metabolites per se.Here,we performed genetic analyses for the kernel metabolites of 11 parental inbred lines of six representative maize varieties,including Zhongdan 2,Danyu 13,Yedan 13,Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 355,and Suyu 16,as well as their 26 reciprocal hybrids.We identified a total of 208 metabolites in maize kernels using untargeted metabolite profiling technology.Both cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicated that kernel metabolites could distinguish hybrids from their parents.Analysis of variance further revealed that 163 metabolites exhibited significant differences between parents and hybrids,and 40 metabolites showed significant differences between reciprocal crosses.We also investigated the genetic effects and heterosis for each metabolite.By taking all hybrids into consideration,about two-thirds of all metabolites displayed overdominant with 36.8%and 31%of them displaying positive overdominant and negative overdominant,respectively.Besides,27.5%and 20.4%of all hybrid combinations showed significant mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis,respectively.Our findings revealed that kernel metabolites exhibited the diversity of relationship between maize hybrids and their parental lines.Additionally,we identified 25 significant metabolicmarkers related to 11 agronomic traits using the LASSO method.Seven metabolic markers were associated with more than one trait simultaneously.These results provide a genetic basis for further utilization of metabolites in the genetic improvement of maize.
基金The Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation under contract No.ZR2023MD096the National Key R&D Program of China under contract Nos 2018YFD0900904 and 2018YFD0900906.
文摘Climate change has led to significant fluctuations in marine ecosystems,including alterations in the structure and function of food webs and ecosystem status.Coastal ecosystems are critical to the functioning of the earth’s lifesupporting systems.However,temporal variations in most of these ecosystems have remained unclear so far.In this study,we employed a linear inverse model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo(LIM-MCMC)combined with ecological network analysis to reveal the temporal variations of the food web in Haizhou Bay of China.Food webs were constructed based on diet composition data in this ecosystem during the year of 2011 and 2018.Results indicated that there were obvious temporal variations in the composition of food webs in autumn of 2011 and 2018.The number of prey and predators for most species in food web decreased in 2018 compared with 2011,especially for Trichiurus lepturus,zooplankton,Amblychaeturichthys hexanema,and Loligo sp.Ecological network analysis showed that the complexity of food web structure could be reflected by comprehensive analysis of compartmentalized indicators.Haizhou Bay ecosystem was more mature and stable in 2011,while the ecosystem’s self-sustainability and recovery from disturbances were accelerated from 2011 to 2018.These findings contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of marine ecosystems and highlight the importance of comprehensive analysis of marine food webs.This work provides a framework for assessing and comparing temporal variations in marine ecosystems,which provides essential information and scientific guidance for the Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30801482,30800313)the National Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(20080430-9970)+2 种基金Special Foundation(200902436)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20070487058)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2007AA02-Z303).
文摘Cortical spreading depression(CSD),which is a significant pathological phenomenon that correlates with migraines and cerebral ischemia,has been characterized by a wave of depolarization among neuronal cells and propagates across the cortex at a rate of 2–5mm/min.Although the propagation pattern of CSD was well-investigated using high-resolution optical imaging technique,the variation of propagation speed of CSD across different regions of cortex was not well-concerned,partially because of the lack of ideal approach to visualize two-dimensional distribution of propagation speed of CSD over the whole imaged cortex.Here,we have presented a method to compute automatically the propagation speed of CSD throughout every spots in the imaged cortex.In this method,temporal clustering analysis(TCA)and least square estimation(LSE)were first used to detect origin site where CSD was induced.Taking the origin site of CSD as the origin of coordinates,the data matrix of each image was transformed into the corresponding points based on the polar-coordinate representation.Then,two fixed-distance regions of interest(ROIs)are sliding along with the radial coordinate at each polar angle within the image for calculating the time lag with correlating algorithm.Finally,we could draw a twodimensional image,in which the value of each pixel represented the velocity of CSD when it spread through the corresponding area of the imaged cortex.The results demonstrated that the method can reveal the heterogeneity of propagation speed of CSD in the imaged cortex with high fidelity and intuition.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022343)the Seed Industry Revitalization Project of Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]009)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32061143030 and 31972487)Jiangsu Province University Basic Science Research Project(21KJA210002)the Innovative Research Team of Universities in Jiangsu Province,the High-End Talent Project of Yangzhou University,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),and Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province.
文摘The nutritional composition and overall quality of maize kernels are largely determined by the key chemical com-ponents:protein,oil,and starch.Nevertheless,the genetic basis underlying these nutritional quality traits during grainfilling remains poorly understood.In this study,the concentrations of protein,oil,and starch were studied in 204 recombinant inbred lines resulting from a cross between DH1M and T877 at four different stages post-pollination.All the traits exhibited considerable phenotypic variation.During the grain-filling stage,the levels of protein and starch content generally increased,whereas oil content decreased,with significant changes observed between 30 and 40 days after pollination.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping was conducted and a total of 32 QTLs,comprising 14,12,and 6 QTLs for grain protein,oil,and starch content were detected,respectively.Few QTLs were consistently detectable across different time points.By integrating QTL analysis,glo-bal gene expression profiling,and comparative genomics,we identified 157,86,and 54 differentially expressed genes harboring nonsynonymous substitutions between the parental lines for grain protein,oil,and starch con-tent,respectively.Subsequent gene function annotation prioritized 15 candidate genes potentially involved in reg-ulating grain quality traits,including those encoding transcription factors(NAC,MADS-box,bZIP,and MYB),cell wall invertase,cellulose-synthase-like protein,cell division cycle protein,trehalase,auxin-responsive factor,and phloem protein 2-A13.Our study offers significant insights into the genetic architecture of maize kernel nutritional quality and identifies promising QTLs and candidate genes,which are crucial for the genetic enhance-ment of these traits in maize breeding programs.
基金financial supports by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.:2022YFC3400700 and 2022YFA0806400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:22404027 and 31821002)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,China(Grant No.:2017SHZDZX01).
文摘Sulfonylation is extensively used to label DNA and RNA,assess their interactions,and quantify components including nucleobases and nucleosides/nucleotides although the sulfonylation sites remain controversial.Here,we systematically investigated the sulfonylation of adenine(ade)and its nucleosides/nucleotides with 5-(dimethylamino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride(DNS-Cl),5-(diethylamino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride(DEANS-Cl),and 5-((N,N-diethylleucyl)amino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride(DELANS-Cl).Detailed spectral analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)showed similar sulfonylation behaviors among the reagents.For ade,its secondary amine in the imidazole ring(N9 H)sulfonylated more readily than the exocyclic amino group(N6 H2).For adenosine and its nucleotides,the 20-OH group in the ribosyl moiety was preferably sulfonylated,whereas the 30-OH was the preferred site for 20-deoxyadenosine and its nucleotides.Alkylation and amidation of the aromatic amino group in these 5-amino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chlorides did not influence the sulfonylation preferences.This offered a reliable approach and comprehensive details of such sites for ade and its nucleosides/nucleotides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801028,32061143030,and 41801013)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100303)+2 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Innovative Research Team of Ministry of Agriculturethe Qing-Lan Project of Yangzhou University。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa)provides a staple food source for more than half the world population.However,the current pace of rice breeding in yield growth is insufficient to meet the food demand of the everincreasing global population.Genomic selection(GS)holds a great potential to accelerate breeding progress and is cost-effective via early selection before phenotypes are measured.Previous simulation and experimental studies have demonstrated the usefulness of GS in rice breeding.However,several affecting factors and limitations require careful consideration when performing GS.In this review,we summarize the major genetics and statistical factors affecting predictive performance as well as current progress in the application of GS to rice breeding.We also highlight effective strategies to increase the predictive ability of various models,including GS models incorporating functional markers,genotype by environment interactions,multiple traits,selection index,and multiple omic data.Finally,we envision that integrating GS with other advanced breeding technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and open-source breeding platforms will further improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of breeding.
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91535103,31391632,and 31200943)+4 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2014AA10A601-5)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2012261)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(No.14KJA210005)the Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province(No.KYLX151368)the Innovative Research Team of University in Jiangsu Province
文摘Dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits is an ongoing challenge for geneticists.Two complementary approaches for genetic mapping,linkage mapping and association mapping have led to successful dissection of complex traits in many crop species.Both of these methods detect quantitative trait loci(QTL) by identifying marker–trait associations,and the only fundamental difference between them is that between mapping populations,which directly determine mapping resolution and power.Based on this difference,we first summarize in this review the advances and limitations of family-based mapping and natural population-based mapping instead of linkage mapping and association mapping.We then describe statistical methods used for improving detection power and computational speed and outline emerging areas such as large-scale meta-analysis for genetic mapping in crops.In the era of next-generation sequencing,there has arisen an urgent need for proper population design,advanced statistical strategies,and precision phenotyping to fully exploit high-throughput genotyping.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1632151 and 21706048)the Key Research and Development Project of Anhui Province of China(Grant No.1704a0902023)the Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices(No.JS1802)。
文摘Recently,abundant resources,low-cost sodium-ion batteries are deemed to the new-generation battery in the field of largescale energy storage.Nevertheless,poor active reaction dynamics,dissolution of intermediates and electrolyte matching problems are significant challenges that need to be solved.Herein,dimensional gradient structure of sheet-tube-dots is constructed with CoSe2@CNTs-MXene.Gradient structure is conducive to fast migration of electrons and ions with the association of ether electrolyte.For half-cell,CoSe2@CNTs-MXene exhibits high initial coulomb efficiency(81.7%)and excellent cycling performance(400 mAh g^-1 cycling for 200 times in 2 Ag^−1).Phase transformation pathway from crystalline CoSe2-Na2Se with Co and then amorphous CoSe2 in the discharge/charge process is also explored by in situ X-ray diffraction.Density functional theory study discloses the CoSe2@CNTs-MXene in ether electrolyte system which contributes to stable sodium storage performance owing to the strong adsorption force from hierarchical structure and weak interaction between electrolyte and electrode interface.For full cell,CoSe2@CNTs-MXene//Na3V2(PO4)3/C full battery can also afford a competitively reversible capacity of 280 mAh g^−1 over 50 cycles.Concisely,profiting from dimensional gradient structure and matched electrolyte of CoSe2@CNTs-MXene hold great application potential for stable sodium storage.
基金The author, Huahai Shen is grateful for support from the President’s Foundation of the China Academy of Engineering Physics(No.YZJJLX2018003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21601168)support from the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1930120)。
文摘A series of Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb high-entropy alloys with different Mo concentrations were developed as candidate materials for hydrogen/tritium storage in solid phase.The crystal structures and hydrogenation properties of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry techniques.All the alloys have a body-centred cubic single phase structure.The results demonstrate that the cell volume of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb hydride decreases with increasing Mo concentration,which reduces their thermal stability.The theoretical calculation proposes that the lower binding energy of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb hydride decreases the thermal stability of Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys with higher Mo content.The great hydrogenation performance for all the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys is owing to their reversible single-phase transformation during the hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle,which would be bene ficial to improving the hydrogen recycling rate and preventing the disproportionation.The compositional dependence of the hydrogenation performance of the Ti-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb alloys was established and will be useful in designing novel hydrogen/tritium storage materials to satisfy the requirements of diffe rent application fields in hydrogen,solar thermal and nuclear energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972487,31902101,32172009 and 32061143030)the Innovative Research Team of Universities in Jiangsu Province,the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Henan Province(212102110152)+1 种基金the High-end Talent Project of Yangzhou Universitythe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Stalk strength increases resistance to stalk lodging,which causes maize(Zea mays L.)production losses worldwide.The genetic mechanisms regulating stalk strength remain unclear.In this study,three stalk strength-related traits(rind penetrometer resistance,stalk crushing strength,and stalk bending strength)and four plant architecture traits(plant height,ear height,stem diameter,stem length)were measured in three field trials.Substantial phenotypic variation was detected for these traits.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted using general and mixed linear models and 372,331 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).A total of 94 quantitative trait loci including 241 SNPs were detected.By combining the GWAS data with public gene expression data,56 candidate genes within 50 kb of the significant SNPs were identified,including genes encoding flavonol synthase(GRMZM2G069298,ZmFLS2),nitrate reductase(GRMZM5G878558,ZmNR2),glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase(GRMZM2G027955),and laccase(GRMZM2G447271).Resequencing GRMZM2G069298 and GRMZM5G878558 in all tested lines revealed respectively 47 and 2 variants associated with RPR.Comparison of the RPR of the zmnr2EMS mutant and the wild-type plant under high-and low-nitrogen conditions verified the GRMZM5G878558 function.These findings may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of stalk strength.The identified candidate genes and variants may be useful for the genetic improvement of maize lodging resistance.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32061143030,32170636,32100448)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022343)+6 种基金the Seed Industry Revitalization Project of Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]009)Project of Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(B21HJ0223)the State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation(NCCIR2021KF-5,NCCIR2021ZZ-4)Jiangsu Province Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation(CX(21)1003)the Independent Scientific Research Project of the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding(PLR202102)the Open Funds of the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding(PL202005)Yangzhou University High-end Talent Support Program,and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Genomic selection(GS)is a powerful tool for improving genetic gain in maize breeding.However,its routine application in large-scale breeding pipelines is limited by the high cost of genotyping platforms.Although sequencing-based and array-based genotyping platforms have been used for GS,few studies have compared prediction performance among platforms.In this study,we evaluated the predictabilities of four agronomic traits in 305 maize hybrids derived from 149 parental lines subjected to genotyping by sequencing(GBS),a 40K SNP array,and target sequence capture(TSC)using eight GS models.The GBS marker dataset yielded the highest predictabilities for all traits,followed by TSC and SNP array datasets.We investigated the effect of marker density and statistical models on predictability among genotyping platforms and found that 1K SNPs were sufficient to achieve comparable predictabilities to 10K and all SNPs,and BayesB,GBLUP,and RKHS performed well,while XGBoost performed poorly in most cases.We also selected significant SNP subsets using genome-wide association study(GWAS)analyses in three panels to predict hybrid performance.GWAS facilitated selecting effective SNP subsets for GS and thus reduced genotyping cost,but depended heavily on the GWAS panel.We conclude that there is still room for optimization of the existing SNP array,and using genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)techniques to integrate a few functional markers identified by GWAS into the 1K SNP array holds great promise of being an effective strategy for developing desirable GS breeding arrays.
