目的基于灾害护理视角,系统归纳洪灾救援物资清单,为促进洪灾医学救援物资配备的科学性奠定基础。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、the Cochrane Library、Sco...目的基于灾害护理视角,系统归纳洪灾救援物资清单,为促进洪灾医学救援物资配备的科学性奠定基础。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、the Cochrane Library、Scopus、CINAHL等国内外数据库中与洪灾医学救援物资配备相关的文献,检索时限为建库至2025年11月3日。依据2019年版国际护士会灾害护理核心能力框架,从计划和准备、沟通、灾害管理、安全保障、评估、干预、恢复、法律和伦理8个维度对纳入文献的洪灾救援物资进行证据提取和总结。结果共纳入文献34篇,获得洪灾医学救援4大类物资:医疗物资类,如消毒杀菌类、辅助工具类、抗微生物和寄生虫药品类等;通信设备类,如卫星电话、固定电话、移动电话等;个人防护装备类,如防护服、护目镜、防护口罩等;检伤及分类工具类,如听诊器、识别腕带、检伤分类卡等。结论基于循证方法总结了洪灾医学救援物资配备清单,为制定洪灾医学救援物资指南提供科学依据,有助于医疗卫生机构做好洪灾物资准备,对促进医学救援效率的提高和减少医学救援人员伤亡具有重要意义。展开更多
As the two most important indexes of bearing raceway, surface roughness and roundness have significant influence on bearing noise. Some researchers have carried out studies in this field, however, reason and extent of...As the two most important indexes of bearing raceway, surface roughness and roundness have significant influence on bearing noise. Some researchers have carried out studies in this field, however, reason and extent of the influence of raceway surface geometric characteristics on bearing running noise are not perfectly clear up to now. In this paper, the raceway of 6309 type bearing＇s inner and outer ring is machined by floating abrasive polishing adopting soft abrasive pad. Surface roughness parameters, arithmetical mean deviation of the profile Ra, the point height of irregularities Rz, maximum height of the profile Rmax and roundness fof raceways, are measured before and after machining, and the change rules of the measured results are studied. The study results show that the floating abrasive polishing can reduce the surface geometric errors of bearing raceway evidently. The roundness error is reduced by 25%, Rm^x value is reduced by 35.5%, Rz value is reduced by 22% and Ra value is reduced by 5%. By analyzing the change of the geometrical parameters and the shape difference of the raceway before and after machining, it is found that the floating abrasive polishing method can affect the roundness error mainly by modifying the local deviation of the raceway＇s surface profile. Bearings with different raceway surface geometrical parameter value are assembled and the running noise is tested. The test results show that Ra has a little, Rmax and Rz have a measurable, and the roundness error has a significant influence on the running noise. From the viewpoint of controlling bearings＇ running noise, raceway roundness error should be strictly controlled, and for the surface roughness parameters, R,n^x and Rz should be mainly controlled. This paper proposes an effective method to obtain the low noise bearing by machining the raceway with floating abrasive polishing after super finishing.展开更多
文摘目的基于灾害护理视角,系统归纳洪灾救援物资清单,为促进洪灾医学救援物资配备的科学性奠定基础。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、the Cochrane Library、Scopus、CINAHL等国内外数据库中与洪灾医学救援物资配备相关的文献,检索时限为建库至2025年11月3日。依据2019年版国际护士会灾害护理核心能力框架,从计划和准备、沟通、灾害管理、安全保障、评估、干预、恢复、法律和伦理8个维度对纳入文献的洪灾救援物资进行证据提取和总结。结果共纳入文献34篇,获得洪灾医学救援4大类物资:医疗物资类,如消毒杀菌类、辅助工具类、抗微生物和寄生虫药品类等;通信设备类,如卫星电话、固定电话、移动电话等;个人防护装备类,如防护服、护目镜、防护口罩等;检伤及分类工具类,如听诊器、识别腕带、检伤分类卡等。结论基于循证方法总结了洪灾医学救援物资配备清单,为制定洪灾医学救援物资指南提供科学依据,有助于医疗卫生机构做好洪灾物资准备,对促进医学救援效率的提高和减少医学救援人员伤亡具有重要意义。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51275062)Open Foundation of Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Tribology of China(Grant No.SKLTKF11B08)
文摘As the two most important indexes of bearing raceway, surface roughness and roundness have significant influence on bearing noise. Some researchers have carried out studies in this field, however, reason and extent of the influence of raceway surface geometric characteristics on bearing running noise are not perfectly clear up to now. In this paper, the raceway of 6309 type bearing＇s inner and outer ring is machined by floating abrasive polishing adopting soft abrasive pad. Surface roughness parameters, arithmetical mean deviation of the profile Ra, the point height of irregularities Rz, maximum height of the profile Rmax and roundness fof raceways, are measured before and after machining, and the change rules of the measured results are studied. The study results show that the floating abrasive polishing can reduce the surface geometric errors of bearing raceway evidently. The roundness error is reduced by 25%, Rm^x value is reduced by 35.5%, Rz value is reduced by 22% and Ra value is reduced by 5%. By analyzing the change of the geometrical parameters and the shape difference of the raceway before and after machining, it is found that the floating abrasive polishing method can affect the roundness error mainly by modifying the local deviation of the raceway＇s surface profile. Bearings with different raceway surface geometrical parameter value are assembled and the running noise is tested. The test results show that Ra has a little, Rmax and Rz have a measurable, and the roundness error has a significant influence on the running noise. From the viewpoint of controlling bearings＇ running noise, raceway roundness error should be strictly controlled, and for the surface roughness parameters, R,n^x and Rz should be mainly controlled. This paper proposes an effective method to obtain the low noise bearing by machining the raceway with floating abrasive polishing after super finishing.
