水库调度规则是指导水库运行、促进水资源高效利用的重要工具。目前水库调度规则提取方法研究中很少考虑泥沙因素。三峡水库汛期入库泥沙占全年来沙量的90.5%以上,如不考虑进出库泥沙对水库调度的影响,直接将现有方法应用于三峡水库汛...水库调度规则是指导水库运行、促进水资源高效利用的重要工具。目前水库调度规则提取方法研究中很少考虑泥沙因素。三峡水库汛期入库泥沙占全年来沙量的90.5%以上,如不考虑进出库泥沙对水库调度的影响,直接将现有方法应用于三峡水库汛期调度规则提取,其结果难以全面反映汛期三峡水库对干支流来水来沙的调度响应过程。因此,将泥沙因素引入到三峡水库汛期调度规则提取中,以三峡水库汛期历史运行数据和进出库泥沙数据为样本,采用时段末坝前水位和时段平均出库输沙率为联合决策变量,同时考虑长江上游干支流来水来沙及其时滞效应对水库调度的影响,提出一种基于深度学习的水库调度规则提取方法。该方法首先建立RF-LSTM模型,该模型通过随机森林(random forest,RF)算法筛选出对决策变量影响较大的决策因子,并将这些因子作为长短时记忆(long short term memory,LSTM)神经网络的输入变量,进一步识别出决策因子与决策变量之间的映射关系,以实现对水库调度规则的提取与模拟;然后采用自回归方法对模拟精度较差的结果进行误差校正,最后将该方法应用于三峡水库汛期调度规则提取,结果表明:与LSTM模型相比,RF-LSTM模型能有效捕获对决策变量影响较大的决策因子,且具有更高模拟精度及稳定性,其验证期时段末坝前水位和时段平均出库输沙率的NSE值分别为0.995和0.891,分别提高1.7%和1.0%;误差校正后,时段平均出库输沙率的NSE值增至0.944,提高5.6%,模拟精度显著提高。研究结果可为三峡水库汛期调度规则提取提供参考。展开更多
Climate change and economic development impact the population expansion and water shortage in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin(MYRB),leading directly to drought aggravation-expansion and impacting agricul...Climate change and economic development impact the population expansion and water shortage in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin(MYRB),leading directly to drought aggravation-expansion and impacting agricultural production in the MYRB.Therefore,this study quantitatively evaluated agricultural drought vulnerability in the MYRB based on the variable fuzzy evaluation model(VFEM).The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The arable land in the MYRB gradually decreased between 2005 and 2020,whereas the forest cover decreased and then increased;(2)precipitation and evapotranspiration were the key factors affecting the agricultural drought vulnerability(e.g.,weights of 0.24 and 0.21),whereas arable land density and gross domestic product(GDP)per capita played less significant roles;and(3)the agricultural drought vulnerability in the MYRB during 2005-2020 was mainly at level 3 and below,with higher drought vulnerability in the western and northern regions,which had a higher drought risk potential.展开更多
目的:使用fNIRS技术探究健康成人与不同卒中类型吞咽困难患者执行自主吞咽时,大脑网络的皮层相关性和功能连接的差异和特征。方法:本研究共招募了10位健康志愿者和20位卒中后存在吞咽障碍患者,采集每位受试者执行自主吞咽任务的近红外...目的:使用fNIRS技术探究健康成人与不同卒中类型吞咽困难患者执行自主吞咽时,大脑网络的皮层相关性和功能连接的差异和特征。方法:本研究共招募了10位健康志愿者和20位卒中后存在吞咽障碍患者,采集每位受试者执行自主吞咽任务的近红外数据以及其他基线数据。基于氧合血红蛋白和脱氧血红蛋白在时间序列上的浓度,计算不同卒中类型患者和健康成人的全脑平均功能连接强度,并按8个感兴趣区(Regions of Interest,ROIs)比较组间差异和特征。结果:在执行自主吞咽任务时,相比于健康成人(0.56±0.05),患者组的功能连接强度均出现不同程度的下降,其中脑干梗死患者的功能连接强度最小(0.24±0.12),其次是缺血性卒中患者(0.29±0.10),最后是出血性卒中患者(0.37±0.06)。基于功能连接组间分析,出血性卒中与缺血性卒中患者的全脑功能连接强度比较没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。出血性卒中患者与脑干梗死患者的全脑功能连接强度比较在中运动皮质区-左额叶皮质区和中运动皮质区-右额叶皮质区存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。缺血性卒中患者与脑干梗死患者的全脑功能连接强度比较在中运动皮质区-左额叶皮质区存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。而患者组和健康成人之间大部分感兴趣区连接强度均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:健康成人在执行自主吞咽任务时,全脑均有明显的功能连接;卒中后吞咽障碍患者功能连接强度均出现不同程度的下降。展开更多
Dorsal root ganglia neurons gradually lose their axonal regeneration ability during development and aging.To explore molecules that enhance axonal regeneration,we screened growth factors with differential gene express...Dorsal root ganglia neurons gradually lose their axonal regeneration ability during development and aging.To explore molecules that enhance axonal regeneration,we screened growth factors with differential gene expression patterns in the dorsal root ganglias of young adult and aged animals following sciatic nerve injury.In young adult animals,two transforming growth factor beta-related factors,activin A and angiopoietin 2,were found to be upregulated post nerve injury.Treatment of isolated dorsal root ganglia explants and cultured dorsal root ganglia neurons of neonatal and young adult rats with recombinant activin A or angiopoietin 2 protein stimulated neurite outgrowth and axonal elongation.The administration of recombinant activin A or angiopoietin 2 protein to sciatic nerve crush-injured dorsal root ganglias also supported the growth of sensory neurons and facilitated nerve regeneration in both young adult and aged rats.Using RNA sequencing,we characterized genetic changes in dorsal root ganglia neurons following recombinant activin A or angiopoietin 2 treatment,revealing the unique mechanisms of these transforming growth factor beta-related factors.Recombinant activin A elicited changes in the gene expression of cytoskeleton-related Gper1 and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling,while angiopoietin 2 increased the expression of the transcription factor gene E2f2.Our identification of activin A and angiopoietin 2 as crucial promotional factors of axonal regeneration may guide future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of nerve injury.展开更多
The Gangdese magmatic belt is ideal for studying crustal growth/reworking and crustmantle interaction processes.In this study,we report a newly identified late Early Eocene granitic pluton and mafic microgranular encl...The Gangdese magmatic belt is ideal for studying crustal growth/reworking and crustmantle interaction processes.In this study,we report a newly identified late Early Eocene granitic pluton and mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)in the Middle Gangdese magmatic belt.The MMEs hosted within the granitic pluton display fine-grained textures and contain more mafic minerals(amphibole and clinopyroxene)than the host pluton.The sharp contacts and fine-grained textures of the MMEs as well as acicular apatite crystals indicate a rapid quenching process.Zircon UPb dating results indicate that the host pluton formed ca.48.41±0.29 Ma(MSWD=0.58),and MMEs crystallized at 48.94±0.56 Ma(MSWD=2.9),potentially suggesting a crust-mantle interaction process during the late Early Eocene.Geochemically,the host pluton has variable silica contents(SiO_(2))of 58.67 wt.%–64.65 wt.%,Mg^(#)values of 42–58,and low aluminum saturation ratios(A/CNK=0.81–0.91)that show an I-type granitic affinity.Additionally,the host pluton is characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREEs)and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs),and depletion of high field strength elements(HFSEs)that show arc-type geochemical features.Like the host pluton,the MMEs also show arc-type geochemical features characterized by enrichment of LREEs and LILEs but depletion of HFSEs.Isotopically,the host pluton and associated MMEs both have depleted Hf isotopic compositions Additionally,the host pluton and MMEs have low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios of 18.48–114.29 and 2.59–36.45,resembling Chilean ore-barren granitoid rocks.Integrated with petrological and whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic features,we argue that the host pluton originated from partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust with the contribution of mantle-derived materials.The MMEs were derived from partial melting of depleted mantle and was a product of two end-member magmas mixing.Based on the previous studies,we argue that the late Early Eocene magmatism and crust-mantle interaction were related to the breakoff the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab,and further propose that crustal large-scale thickening might begin during the Middle–Late Eocene in the Gangdese magmatic belt rather than the Early Eocene.展开更多
Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activ...Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activities.Long-term poor understanding of their genetics and evolution undermines effective conservation efforts.In this study,we analyse comparative population genomic data of four Nomascus species.Our results reveal strong genetic differentiation and gene flow among Nomascus species.Additionally,we identify genomic features that are potentially related to natural selection linked to vocalization,fructose metabolism,motor balance,and body size,consistent with the unique phenotype and adaptability of gibbons.Inbreeding,coupled with population declines due to climate change and historical human activities,leads to reduced genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious variations that likely affect cardiovascular disease and the reproductive potential of gibbons and further reduce their fitness,highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation strategies.展开更多
Structural instability and sluggish lithium-ion(Li+) kinetics of spinel NiCo_(2)O_(4) anodes severely hinder their applications in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.Mesocrystalline structures exhibit promising...Structural instability and sluggish lithium-ion(Li+) kinetics of spinel NiCo_(2)O_(4) anodes severely hinder their applications in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.Mesocrystalline structures exhibit promising potential in balancing structural stability and enhancing reaction kinetics.However,their controlled synthesis mechanisms remain elusive.Herein,a substrate interface engineering strategy is developed to achieve controllable synthesis of mesocrystalline and polycrystalline NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanorods.Remarkably,mesocrystalline NiCo_(2)O_(4) exhibits a high capacity retention rate of 85.7% after 500 cycles at 2 A/g,attributed to its porous structure facilitating Li^(+) transport kinetics and unique stress-buffering effect validated by ex-situ TEM.Theoretical calculations and interfacial chemical analysis reveal that substratecrystal surface engineering regulates the nucleation-growth pathways:Acid-treated nickel foam enables epitaxial growth via lattice matching,acting as a low-interfacial-energy template to reduce nucleation barriers and promote low-temperature oriented crystallization.In contrast,carbon cloth requires hightemperature thermal activation to overcome surface diffusion barriers induced by elevated interfacial energy.This substrate-driven crystallization kinetic modulation overcomes the limitations of random nucleation in conventional hydrothermal synthesis.The established substrate-crystal interfacial interaction model not only clarifies the kinetic essence of crystal orientation regulation but also provides a universal theoretical framework for lattice-matching design and mesostructural optimization of advanced electrode materials.展开更多
文摘水库调度规则是指导水库运行、促进水资源高效利用的重要工具。目前水库调度规则提取方法研究中很少考虑泥沙因素。三峡水库汛期入库泥沙占全年来沙量的90.5%以上,如不考虑进出库泥沙对水库调度的影响,直接将现有方法应用于三峡水库汛期调度规则提取,其结果难以全面反映汛期三峡水库对干支流来水来沙的调度响应过程。因此,将泥沙因素引入到三峡水库汛期调度规则提取中,以三峡水库汛期历史运行数据和进出库泥沙数据为样本,采用时段末坝前水位和时段平均出库输沙率为联合决策变量,同时考虑长江上游干支流来水来沙及其时滞效应对水库调度的影响,提出一种基于深度学习的水库调度规则提取方法。该方法首先建立RF-LSTM模型,该模型通过随机森林(random forest,RF)算法筛选出对决策变量影响较大的决策因子,并将这些因子作为长短时记忆(long short term memory,LSTM)神经网络的输入变量,进一步识别出决策因子与决策变量之间的映射关系,以实现对水库调度规则的提取与模拟;然后采用自回归方法对模拟精度较差的结果进行误差校正,最后将该方法应用于三峡水库汛期调度规则提取,结果表明:与LSTM模型相比,RF-LSTM模型能有效捕获对决策变量影响较大的决策因子,且具有更高模拟精度及稳定性,其验证期时段末坝前水位和时段平均出库输沙率的NSE值分别为0.995和0.891,分别提高1.7%和1.0%;误差校正后,时段平均出库输沙率的NSE值增至0.944,提高5.6%,模拟精度显著提高。研究结果可为三峡水库汛期调度规则提取提供参考。
基金supported by the Supported by Joint Open Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering and Tsinghua-Ningxia Yinchuan Joint Institute of Internet of Waters on Digital Water Governance(No.sklhse-2022-Iow04)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(No.IWHR-SKL-202217)。
文摘Climate change and economic development impact the population expansion and water shortage in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin(MYRB),leading directly to drought aggravation-expansion and impacting agricultural production in the MYRB.Therefore,this study quantitatively evaluated agricultural drought vulnerability in the MYRB based on the variable fuzzy evaluation model(VFEM).The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The arable land in the MYRB gradually decreased between 2005 and 2020,whereas the forest cover decreased and then increased;(2)precipitation and evapotranspiration were the key factors affecting the agricultural drought vulnerability(e.g.,weights of 0.24 and 0.21),whereas arable land density and gross domestic product(GDP)per capita played less significant roles;and(3)the agricultural drought vulnerability in the MYRB during 2005-2020 was mainly at level 3 and below,with higher drought vulnerability in the western and northern regions,which had a higher drought risk potential.
文摘目的:使用fNIRS技术探究健康成人与不同卒中类型吞咽困难患者执行自主吞咽时,大脑网络的皮层相关性和功能连接的差异和特征。方法:本研究共招募了10位健康志愿者和20位卒中后存在吞咽障碍患者,采集每位受试者执行自主吞咽任务的近红外数据以及其他基线数据。基于氧合血红蛋白和脱氧血红蛋白在时间序列上的浓度,计算不同卒中类型患者和健康成人的全脑平均功能连接强度,并按8个感兴趣区(Regions of Interest,ROIs)比较组间差异和特征。结果:在执行自主吞咽任务时,相比于健康成人(0.56±0.05),患者组的功能连接强度均出现不同程度的下降,其中脑干梗死患者的功能连接强度最小(0.24±0.12),其次是缺血性卒中患者(0.29±0.10),最后是出血性卒中患者(0.37±0.06)。基于功能连接组间分析,出血性卒中与缺血性卒中患者的全脑功能连接强度比较没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。出血性卒中患者与脑干梗死患者的全脑功能连接强度比较在中运动皮质区-左额叶皮质区和中运动皮质区-右额叶皮质区存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。缺血性卒中患者与脑干梗死患者的全脑功能连接强度比较在中运动皮质区-左额叶皮质区存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。而患者组和健康成人之间大部分感兴趣区连接强度均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:健康成人在执行自主吞咽任务时,全脑均有明显的功能连接;卒中后吞咽障碍患者功能连接强度均出现不同程度的下降。
基金supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.92368207Frontier Leading Technology BasicResearch Major Project of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20232023(both to XG).
文摘Dorsal root ganglia neurons gradually lose their axonal regeneration ability during development and aging.To explore molecules that enhance axonal regeneration,we screened growth factors with differential gene expression patterns in the dorsal root ganglias of young adult and aged animals following sciatic nerve injury.In young adult animals,two transforming growth factor beta-related factors,activin A and angiopoietin 2,were found to be upregulated post nerve injury.Treatment of isolated dorsal root ganglia explants and cultured dorsal root ganglia neurons of neonatal and young adult rats with recombinant activin A or angiopoietin 2 protein stimulated neurite outgrowth and axonal elongation.The administration of recombinant activin A or angiopoietin 2 protein to sciatic nerve crush-injured dorsal root ganglias also supported the growth of sensory neurons and facilitated nerve regeneration in both young adult and aged rats.Using RNA sequencing,we characterized genetic changes in dorsal root ganglia neurons following recombinant activin A or angiopoietin 2 treatment,revealing the unique mechanisms of these transforming growth factor beta-related factors.Recombinant activin A elicited changes in the gene expression of cytoskeleton-related Gper1 and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling,while angiopoietin 2 increased the expression of the transcription factor gene E2f2.Our identification of activin A and angiopoietin 2 as crucial promotional factors of axonal regeneration may guide future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of nerve injury.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2344202)Taishan Talented Project(No.tstp20240514)Government Foundation of Rizhao City(No.SDGP371100202102000475)。
文摘The Gangdese magmatic belt is ideal for studying crustal growth/reworking and crustmantle interaction processes.In this study,we report a newly identified late Early Eocene granitic pluton and mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)in the Middle Gangdese magmatic belt.The MMEs hosted within the granitic pluton display fine-grained textures and contain more mafic minerals(amphibole and clinopyroxene)than the host pluton.The sharp contacts and fine-grained textures of the MMEs as well as acicular apatite crystals indicate a rapid quenching process.Zircon UPb dating results indicate that the host pluton formed ca.48.41±0.29 Ma(MSWD=0.58),and MMEs crystallized at 48.94±0.56 Ma(MSWD=2.9),potentially suggesting a crust-mantle interaction process during the late Early Eocene.Geochemically,the host pluton has variable silica contents(SiO_(2))of 58.67 wt.%–64.65 wt.%,Mg^(#)values of 42–58,and low aluminum saturation ratios(A/CNK=0.81–0.91)that show an I-type granitic affinity.Additionally,the host pluton is characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREEs)and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs),and depletion of high field strength elements(HFSEs)that show arc-type geochemical features.Like the host pluton,the MMEs also show arc-type geochemical features characterized by enrichment of LREEs and LILEs but depletion of HFSEs.Isotopically,the host pluton and associated MMEs both have depleted Hf isotopic compositions Additionally,the host pluton and MMEs have low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios of 18.48–114.29 and 2.59–36.45,resembling Chilean ore-barren granitoid rocks.Integrated with petrological and whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic features,we argue that the host pluton originated from partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust with the contribution of mantle-derived materials.The MMEs were derived from partial melting of depleted mantle and was a product of two end-member magmas mixing.Based on the previous studies,we argue that the late Early Eocene magmatism and crust-mantle interaction were related to the breakoff the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab,and further propose that crustal large-scale thickening might begin during the Middle–Late Eocene in the Gangdese magmatic belt rather than the Early Eocene.
基金supported by Science and Technology Program from the Forestry Administration of Guangdong Province(2024KJQT0012)the Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program(2022B1111040001)+2 种基金the National Forestry Administration rare and endangered species field rescue and breeding project(Gui lin hu yu O10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200337)a fellowship from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712003).
文摘Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activities.Long-term poor understanding of their genetics and evolution undermines effective conservation efforts.In this study,we analyse comparative population genomic data of four Nomascus species.Our results reveal strong genetic differentiation and gene flow among Nomascus species.Additionally,we identify genomic features that are potentially related to natural selection linked to vocalization,fructose metabolism,motor balance,and body size,consistent with the unique phenotype and adaptability of gibbons.Inbreeding,coupled with population declines due to climate change and historical human activities,leads to reduced genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious variations that likely affect cardiovascular disease and the reproductive potential of gibbons and further reduce their fitness,highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation strategies.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.52401273)Science and Technology Department of Henan (Nos.242102241007,252102320178 and 252102321067)Training Program for Young Backbone Teachers in Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province (No.2024GGJS101)。
文摘Structural instability and sluggish lithium-ion(Li+) kinetics of spinel NiCo_(2)O_(4) anodes severely hinder their applications in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.Mesocrystalline structures exhibit promising potential in balancing structural stability and enhancing reaction kinetics.However,their controlled synthesis mechanisms remain elusive.Herein,a substrate interface engineering strategy is developed to achieve controllable synthesis of mesocrystalline and polycrystalline NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanorods.Remarkably,mesocrystalline NiCo_(2)O_(4) exhibits a high capacity retention rate of 85.7% after 500 cycles at 2 A/g,attributed to its porous structure facilitating Li^(+) transport kinetics and unique stress-buffering effect validated by ex-situ TEM.Theoretical calculations and interfacial chemical analysis reveal that substratecrystal surface engineering regulates the nucleation-growth pathways:Acid-treated nickel foam enables epitaxial growth via lattice matching,acting as a low-interfacial-energy template to reduce nucleation barriers and promote low-temperature oriented crystallization.In contrast,carbon cloth requires hightemperature thermal activation to overcome surface diffusion barriers induced by elevated interfacial energy.This substrate-driven crystallization kinetic modulation overcomes the limitations of random nucleation in conventional hydrothermal synthesis.The established substrate-crystal interfacial interaction model not only clarifies the kinetic essence of crystal orientation regulation but also provides a universal theoretical framework for lattice-matching design and mesostructural optimization of advanced electrode materials.
