Nest predation is the leading cause of reproductive failure in birds and a major driving force in the evolution of anti-predation strategies.Current studies on the anti-predation strategies of birds driven by predatio...Nest predation is the leading cause of reproductive failure in birds and a major driving force in the evolution of anti-predation strategies.Current studies on the anti-predation strategies of birds driven by predation pressure have mainly focused on adults.However,the detection and behavioral responses of nestlings toward predation risk require further investigation.In this study,we examined nestling responses to predator sounds.Two species of nestlings,the Reed Parrotbill(Paradoxornis heudei)and Vinous-throated Parrotbill(Sinosuthora webbiana),were exposed to the Sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus,less common)and Oriental Magpie(Pica serica,more common),which are predator species,the Oriental Turtle Dove(Streptopelia orientalis),which is a commonly found harmless species,and background noise.Our findings revealed that compared to pre-playback of natural begging and playback of background noise and Oriental Turtle Dove sounds,playback of the two predator types decreased the total begging time and total number of calls of the two nestlings species,with the calls of the Sparrowhawk leading to greater suppression of nestling begging behavior than those of the Oriental Magpie.Therefore,our results indicated that these nestlings were able to distinguish predators from harmless species based on auditory cues.展开更多
Objectives:Progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)and metastasis are the greatest challenges to effective treatment.Anticancer strategies targeting the key kinases associated with the development of ...Objectives:Progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)and metastasis are the greatest challenges to effective treatment.Anticancer strategies targeting the key kinases associated with the development of CRPC may represent a breakthrough.The tyrosine kinase receptor Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular(Eph)A2 receptor is highly expressed in CRPC cell lines and may be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis.However,the effects and exact mechanisms of EphA2 in CRPC are only partially understood.This study aimed to investigate the impact of EphA2 on CRPC cell behaviors and underlyingmolecular pathways.Methods:CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing induced EphA2-disrupted in human-derived PC3 andDU145 cells.Single-guideRNAs(sgRNAs)targeting EphA2 were designed,and editing efficiency was validated.Optimal sgRNA sequences were selected to generate EphA2-knockdown(KD)and-overexpressing(OE)cell lines.Cell migration,proliferation,and apoptosis were assessed via functional assays.Transcriptomic analysis,quantitative PCR,and Western blotting were performed to identify downstream effectors.Bioinformatics analyses were used to correlate EphA2 and CDH1 expression with clinical parameters in prostate cancer patients.Results:Editing efficiency was found to vary among different sgRNAs targeting the EphA2 gene.EphA2-KD significantly inhibited CRPC cell migration but did not affect cell proliferation or apoptosis.Conversely,EphA2-OE significantly enhanced the migration of DU145 cells.Molecular analyses revealed that the expression of CDH1(an important marker of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in tumors)was significantly upregulated in PC3-EphA2-KD cells and downregulated in DU145-EphA2-OE cells,indicating that CDH1 is a downstream regulator of EphA2.Bioinformatic analysis revealed that higher EphA2 levels and lower CDH1 expression were both associated with an advanced tumor T stage,higher Gleason scores,and lymph nodemetastases in prostate cancer patients.More importantly,EphA2 was found to be an important predictor of lymph nodemetastasis,in addition to the Gleason score.Adding EphA2 to the Gleason score could significantly improve the detection of lymph node metastasis.Conclusion:CRISPR/Cas9-mediated EphA2-KD significantly suppressed the migration of CRPC cells through the inhibition of the EphA2-CDH1 axis.Strategies targeting the EphA2 genemay be promising for the treatment of CRPC.展开更多
目的:了解天津市65岁及以上社区老年人痴呆患病率及其影响因素,评估痴呆患者的功能状况。方法:数据来自天津市精神卫生流行病学调查,该调查采用多阶段与规模成比例的概率抽样,先使用一般健康问卷扩展版进行筛查,再由精神科医师根据DSM-I...目的:了解天津市65岁及以上社区老年人痴呆患病率及其影响因素,评估痴呆患者的功能状况。方法:数据来自天津市精神卫生流行病学调查,该调查采用多阶段与规模成比例的概率抽样,先使用一般健康问卷扩展版进行筛查,再由精神科医师根据DSM-IV(the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition)进行包括痴呆在内的精神障碍的诊断,收集社会人口学、躯体疾病史、家族史等相关因素,采用功能大体评估量表(global assessment of functioning,GAF)评估研究对象功能状况。描述天津市社区老年期痴呆的患病率,并采用基于复杂抽样的Logistic回归分析患病的相关影响因素,通过GAF得分描述患者功能状况。结果:有4438人完成诊断,其中65岁及以上老年人1023名,140人患有痴呆,加权患病率7.78%(95%CI:5.88%~10.23%)。与年龄在65~69岁者相比,年龄在75~79岁(OR=4.60,95%CI:1.57~13.52)和80岁及以上(OR=14.48,95%CI:4.46~47.04)是痴呆患病的危险因素,受教育年限不足1年(OR=2.30,95%CI:1.06~5.01)、存在2种及以上心理社会环境问题(OR=3.42,95%CI:1.65~7.08),脑血管疾病(OR=9.19,95%CI:4.62~18.30)也是痴呆的危险因素。痴呆患者近1个月加权GAF得分(54.2±16.5)分,加权致残率63.65%(95%CI:50.11%~75.33%)。结论:天津市社区老年期痴呆患病率略高于全国,年龄大、未接受过至少1年正规教育、存在较多心理社会环境问题、脑血管疾病为痴呆患病的危险因素,痴呆患者功能水平不佳。采取针对性措施降低痴呆患病率并为患者提供更好的治疗和康复服务至关重要。展开更多
The influence of laser process parameters on the densification,phase composition,microstructure,and mechanical properties of Ta−33wt.%Ti alloy prepared via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)was investigated.The results sho...The influence of laser process parameters on the densification,phase composition,microstructure,and mechanical properties of Ta−33wt.%Ti alloy prepared via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)was investigated.The results show that fully dense and homogeneous Ta−Ti parts can be obtained from LPBF with appropriate energy input.The cellular and dendritic structures were formed due to constitutional undercooling.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis showed that the lamellarα″phase within the cellular structures preferred to concentrate at the cellular boundaries owing to the elemental micro-segregation in the solidification front.The samples fabricated under the energy density of 166.7 J/mm^(3) had a favorable ultimate tensile strength of 806 MPa and an excellent Young’s modulus of 36.7 GPa.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32301295 to J.W.,32101242 to L.M.and 32260253 to L.W.)High-Level Talents Research Start-Up Project of Hebei University (521100222044 to J.W.)。
文摘Nest predation is the leading cause of reproductive failure in birds and a major driving force in the evolution of anti-predation strategies.Current studies on the anti-predation strategies of birds driven by predation pressure have mainly focused on adults.However,the detection and behavioral responses of nestlings toward predation risk require further investigation.In this study,we examined nestling responses to predator sounds.Two species of nestlings,the Reed Parrotbill(Paradoxornis heudei)and Vinous-throated Parrotbill(Sinosuthora webbiana),were exposed to the Sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus,less common)and Oriental Magpie(Pica serica,more common),which are predator species,the Oriental Turtle Dove(Streptopelia orientalis),which is a commonly found harmless species,and background noise.Our findings revealed that compared to pre-playback of natural begging and playback of background noise and Oriental Turtle Dove sounds,playback of the two predator types decreased the total begging time and total number of calls of the two nestlings species,with the calls of the Sparrowhawk leading to greater suppression of nestling begging behavior than those of the Oriental Magpie.Therefore,our results indicated that these nestlings were able to distinguish predators from harmless species based on auditory cues.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81801754)the Suzhou Science and Technology Bureau Development Plan(Grant No.SYS2020147)the 26th Batch of Extra-Curricular Academic Research Fund Project of Soochow University(Grant No.KY2024235B).
文摘Objectives:Progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)and metastasis are the greatest challenges to effective treatment.Anticancer strategies targeting the key kinases associated with the development of CRPC may represent a breakthrough.The tyrosine kinase receptor Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular(Eph)A2 receptor is highly expressed in CRPC cell lines and may be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis.However,the effects and exact mechanisms of EphA2 in CRPC are only partially understood.This study aimed to investigate the impact of EphA2 on CRPC cell behaviors and underlyingmolecular pathways.Methods:CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing induced EphA2-disrupted in human-derived PC3 andDU145 cells.Single-guideRNAs(sgRNAs)targeting EphA2 were designed,and editing efficiency was validated.Optimal sgRNA sequences were selected to generate EphA2-knockdown(KD)and-overexpressing(OE)cell lines.Cell migration,proliferation,and apoptosis were assessed via functional assays.Transcriptomic analysis,quantitative PCR,and Western blotting were performed to identify downstream effectors.Bioinformatics analyses were used to correlate EphA2 and CDH1 expression with clinical parameters in prostate cancer patients.Results:Editing efficiency was found to vary among different sgRNAs targeting the EphA2 gene.EphA2-KD significantly inhibited CRPC cell migration but did not affect cell proliferation or apoptosis.Conversely,EphA2-OE significantly enhanced the migration of DU145 cells.Molecular analyses revealed that the expression of CDH1(an important marker of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in tumors)was significantly upregulated in PC3-EphA2-KD cells and downregulated in DU145-EphA2-OE cells,indicating that CDH1 is a downstream regulator of EphA2.Bioinformatic analysis revealed that higher EphA2 levels and lower CDH1 expression were both associated with an advanced tumor T stage,higher Gleason scores,and lymph nodemetastases in prostate cancer patients.More importantly,EphA2 was found to be an important predictor of lymph nodemetastasis,in addition to the Gleason score.Adding EphA2 to the Gleason score could significantly improve the detection of lymph node metastasis.Conclusion:CRISPR/Cas9-mediated EphA2-KD significantly suppressed the migration of CRPC cells through the inhibition of the EphA2-CDH1 axis.Strategies targeting the EphA2 genemay be promising for the treatment of CRPC.
文摘目的:了解天津市65岁及以上社区老年人痴呆患病率及其影响因素,评估痴呆患者的功能状况。方法:数据来自天津市精神卫生流行病学调查,该调查采用多阶段与规模成比例的概率抽样,先使用一般健康问卷扩展版进行筛查,再由精神科医师根据DSM-IV(the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition)进行包括痴呆在内的精神障碍的诊断,收集社会人口学、躯体疾病史、家族史等相关因素,采用功能大体评估量表(global assessment of functioning,GAF)评估研究对象功能状况。描述天津市社区老年期痴呆的患病率,并采用基于复杂抽样的Logistic回归分析患病的相关影响因素,通过GAF得分描述患者功能状况。结果:有4438人完成诊断,其中65岁及以上老年人1023名,140人患有痴呆,加权患病率7.78%(95%CI:5.88%~10.23%)。与年龄在65~69岁者相比,年龄在75~79岁(OR=4.60,95%CI:1.57~13.52)和80岁及以上(OR=14.48,95%CI:4.46~47.04)是痴呆患病的危险因素,受教育年限不足1年(OR=2.30,95%CI:1.06~5.01)、存在2种及以上心理社会环境问题(OR=3.42,95%CI:1.65~7.08),脑血管疾病(OR=9.19,95%CI:4.62~18.30)也是痴呆的危险因素。痴呆患者近1个月加权GAF得分(54.2±16.5)分,加权致残率63.65%(95%CI:50.11%~75.33%)。结论:天津市社区老年期痴呆患病率略高于全国,年龄大、未接受过至少1年正规教育、存在较多心理社会环境问题、脑血管疾病为痴呆患病的危险因素,痴呆患者功能水平不佳。采取针对性措施降低痴呆患病率并为患者提供更好的治疗和康复服务至关重要。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271046)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ20061)the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,China.
文摘The influence of laser process parameters on the densification,phase composition,microstructure,and mechanical properties of Ta−33wt.%Ti alloy prepared via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)was investigated.The results show that fully dense and homogeneous Ta−Ti parts can be obtained from LPBF with appropriate energy input.The cellular and dendritic structures were formed due to constitutional undercooling.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis showed that the lamellarα″phase within the cellular structures preferred to concentrate at the cellular boundaries owing to the elemental micro-segregation in the solidification front.The samples fabricated under the energy density of 166.7 J/mm^(3) had a favorable ultimate tensile strength of 806 MPa and an excellent Young’s modulus of 36.7 GPa.
