With the advancement of surgical techniques and enhanced management of early gastric cancer(EGC),minimally invasive function-preserving surgical approaches have emerged as a common goal for patients and clinicians.Lap...With the advancement of surgical techniques and enhanced management of early gastric cancer(EGC),minimally invasive function-preserving surgical approaches have emerged as a common goal for patients and clinicians.Laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery combined with sentinel lymph node navigation surgery(LECSSNNS)has drawn increasing interest because of its dual benefits of minimal invasiveness and organ function preservation.However,robust evidence-based support for guiding clinical implementation remains limited.To address this gap,we systematically evaluated available studies on the clinical application of LECS-SNNS in EGC and integrated expert insights to formulate 20 recommendations.These included preoperative assessment,surgical techniques,intraoperative endoscopic procedures,pathological evaluation,postoperative care,and follow-up.This consensus aimed to provide comprehensive guidance for the standardized application of LECS-SNNS,thereby advancing precise,minimally invasive,and function-preserving treatment for EGC.展开更多
Drought has the potential to induce extensive defoliation in forest trees.However,the responses of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs,including soluble sugar and starch)to the combined effects of drought and defoliatio...Drought has the potential to induce extensive defoliation in forest trees.However,the responses of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs,including soluble sugar and starch)to the combined effects of drought and defoliation remain to be elucidated,particularly in pine trees.In this study,we investigated the interactive effects of drought and defoliation on the contents of NSCs in five organs(new and old needles,twigs,stems,as well as roots)of Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis)seedlings.We sampled two batches of the seedlings at 30 and 50 days,respectively.Our results showed that Chinese pine could tolerate mild drought,but severe drought significantly decreased the content of soluble sugars in all organs.Defoliation initially suppressed the photosynthetic rate and significantly reduced the soluble sugar content in all organs.However,after 50 days,this effect was substantially mitigated by the new needle growth.Starch content in twigs,stems,and roots was found to be more vulnerable to defoliation than to drought.A significant interactive effect existed between drought and defoliation on NSCs,with defoliation exacerbating the negative impact of drought on the accumulation of NSCs,especially in new needles and roots.These findings highlight the complex effects of defoliation on NSCs during drought,underscoring critical implications for the management and economic value of Chinese pine forests.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising for safe,low-cost,and sustainable energy storage.However,their practical deployment is critically hindered by dendrite formation and parasitic reactions at the...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising for safe,low-cost,and sustainable energy storage.However,their practical deployment is critically hindered by dendrite formation and parasitic reactions at the Zn anode-electrolyte interface.To address this challenge,we present a self-assembly strategy to construct vertically aligned organic-inorganic hybrid nanosheet arrays composed of polyethyleneimine-zinc hydroxide sulfate(PEI-ZHS)via a simple coating-immersion method.The protonation of polyethyleneimine in ZnSO_(4) electrolyte provides localized alkaline conditions for controlled nucleation and growth of ZHS nanosheets at the anode interfa ce.This vertically aligned na noarchitectu re allows for fast Zn^(2+)transport and even nucleation by providing abundant oriented ion-conductive microchannels and accelerating desolvation.Benefiting from these characteristics,the PEI-ZHS layer effectively mitigates side reactions and dendrite growth.As a result,the modified zinc anodes achieve excellent cycling lifespans of 5200 and 1200 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)/1 mAh cm^(-2) and 5 mA cm^(-2)/5 mAh cm^(-2),respectively,in symmetric cells.The Zn‖I_(2) full cell also shows great reversibility,retaining 93.02%of initial capacity after 4000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This work introduces a thermodynamically guided and scalable interfacial engineering approach that advances the stability and performance of Zn metal anodes in AZIBs.展开更多
Deep learning has made significant progress in the field of oriented object detection for remote sensing images.However,existing methods still face challenges when dealing with difficult tasks such as multi-scale targ...Deep learning has made significant progress in the field of oriented object detection for remote sensing images.However,existing methods still face challenges when dealing with difficult tasks such as multi-scale targets,complex backgrounds,and small objects in remote sensing.Maintaining model lightweight to address resource constraints in remote sensing scenarios while improving task completion for remote sensing tasks remains a research hotspot.Therefore,we propose an enhanced multi-scale feature extraction lightweight network EM-YOLO based on the YOLOv8s architecture,specifically optimized for the characteristics of large target scale variations,diverse orientations,and numerous small objects in remote sensing images.Our innovations lie in two main aspects:First,a dynamic snake convolution(DSC)is introduced into the backbone network to enhance the model’s feature extraction capability for oriented targets.Second,an innovative focusing-diffusion module is designed in the feature fusion neck to effectively integrate multi-scale feature information.Finally,we introduce Layer-Adaptive Sparsity for magnitude-based Pruning(LASP)method to perform lightweight network pruning to better complete tasks in resource-constrained scenarios.Experimental results on the lightweight platform Orin demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the original YOLOv8s model in oriented remote sensing object detection tasks,and achieves comparable or superior performance to state-of-the-art methods on three authoritative remote sensing datasets(DOTA v1.0,DOTA v1.5,and HRSC2016).展开更多
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related disease(IgG4-RD),a relatively rare immunemediated chronic inflammatory condition characterized by fibrosis,is capable of affecting multiple organs and systems.Epidemiological...BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related disease(IgG4-RD),a relatively rare immunemediated chronic inflammatory condition characterized by fibrosis,is capable of affecting multiple organs and systems.Epidemiologically,the disease predominantly affects middle-aged and older men in Asian populations,whereas it shows a female predominance in the corresponding age group in the United States.In IgG4-RD,affected tissues and organs may exhibit diffuse or localized swelling,mimicking neoplastic lesions.IgG4-related cholecystitis(IgG4-CC)represents a manifestation involving the gallbladder,with isolated gallbladder involvement without other organ lesions being exceptionally uncommon.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain.Preoperative evaluations could not exclude gallbladder carcinoma,and surgical intervention was required.Based on intraoperative findings,postoperative pathology,and postoperative serum IgG4 levels,a diagnosis of IgG4-CC was considered.After glucocorticoid therapy,the patient’s general condition substantially improved.CONCLUSION For patients present with space-occupying lesions of the gallbladder,IgG4-RD should be included in the differential diagnosis.展开更多
Zircon U-Pb ages,major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope data of the diabase in the Zhangjiakou District were studied to investigate its derivation and tectonic implications.Zircon U-Pb ages indicate that the di...Zircon U-Pb ages,major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope data of the diabase in the Zhangjiakou District were studied to investigate its derivation and tectonic implications.Zircon U-Pb ages indicate that the diabase was emplaced at∼130 Ma or younger,and captured zircons cluster at∼147,∼240,∼430 and∼465 Ma.The diabase is characterized by minor variations in SiO_(2)(49.35 wt.%–52.10 wt.%),TiO_(2)(1.65 wt.%–1.77 wt.%),Al_(2)O_(3)(17.00 wt.%–18.26 wt.%),MgO(4.28 wt.%–4.93 wt.%),CaO(6.69 wt.%–7.90 wt.%)and Mg^(#)(48–54).It has no significant Eu anomaly and displays enrichment in large ion lithophile elements(Rb,Ba and Sr)and depletion in high field strength elements(Nb,Ta,P and Ti).The diabase exhibits homogeneous Sr((^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i=0.70606–0.70701)and Nd(ε_(Nd)(t)=−13.6 to−13.2)isotopic compositions.These features suggest that the parental magma was derived from partial melting of the ancient lower crust,relating to mantle upwelling that was triggered by the stagnant slabs or lithospheric detachment associated with the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.The Early Paleozoic inherited igneous zircons in the diabase suggest that the northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC)likely underwent southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.展开更多
Remarkable achievements of the new energy industry policy framework over the past two decades Over the past two decades,the industry policy framework centered on the Renewable Energy Law has effectively facilitated th...Remarkable achievements of the new energy industry policy framework over the past two decades Over the past two decades,the industry policy framework centered on the Renewable Energy Law has effectively facilitated the leapfrog development of China’s new energy sector.During this period,policy incentives were primarily focused on promoting the rational scaling of the industry,thereby driving rapid technological upgrades and iterations.This,in turn,enabled a significant reduc-tion in the cost of new energy power generation.In this process,policy played a pivotal role in two key areas:first,by providing per-kilowatt-hour subsidies to bridge the cost gap between new energy and conventional power sources;and second,by exempting the system cost of new energy grid-connected operation through a full guaranteed purchase system.展开更多
Coronary artery disease and aortic valve stenosis are highly prevalent cardio-vascular diseases worldwide,resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality.Surgical interventions,such as coronary artery bypass grafting...Coronary artery disease and aortic valve stenosis are highly prevalent cardio-vascular diseases worldwide,resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality.Surgical interventions,such as coronary artery bypass grafting and surgical aortic valve replacement,offer significant therapeutic benefits,including enhanced postoperative quality of life(QoL)and functional capacity,which are key indi-cators of surgical success.This editorial reviews recent studies on postoperative QoL and functional outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Factors such as preoperative health,age,intensive care unit stay duration,surgical risk,and perioperative complications could influence these outcomes.Cardiac rehabil-itation is pivotal in enhancing patient function,reducing frailty and improving long-term QoL.展开更多
This narrative review examines osteosarcopenia,characterized by the concurrent loss of muscle mass and bone density,as a pivotal marker of frailty in older adults.Its implications for patients undergoing transcatheter...This narrative review examines osteosarcopenia,characterized by the concurrent loss of muscle mass and bone density,as a pivotal marker of frailty in older adults.Its implications for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)for severe aortic stenosis remain underexplored.This review examines the association between osteosarcopenia and adverse clinical outcomes in older adults undergoing TAVR,with an emphasis on mortality.It also evaluates the integration of osteosarcopenia into pre-procedural risk assessments.Contemporary studies were reviewed,focusing on older adults undergoing TAVR.Key parameters included pre-procedural assessments of muscle mass(psoas cross-sectional area)and bone density(lumbar trabecular attenuation)using computed tomography.Clinical correlations with frailty indices,nutritional deficiencies,functional disability and mortality were analyzed.Studies including the FRAILTY-AVR cohort indicate that osteosarcopenia affects 15%-20% of TAVR patients and independently predicts 1-year mortality.Combined deficits in muscle and bone health are associated with elevated risks of post-TAVR complications,prolonged hospitalizations,and worsening disability compared to isolated sarcopenia or osteoporosis(P<0.05).Incorporating osteosarcopenia into risk stratification models could enhance predictive accuracy for adverse outcomes.Osteosarcopenia serves as a critical biomarker for frailty and should be routinely assessed in pre-TAVR evaluations.Targeted interventions,such as resistance training and nutritional optimization,may mitigate its impact and improve clinical outcomes.Early identification facilitates personalized management strategies,enhancing survival and quality of life in this high-risk cohort.展开更多
Medicinal and edible plants(MEPs)have attracted increasing interest worldwide due to their natural origin,reliable efficacy,and minimal side effects in recent years.However,the complex and fluctuating levels of inhere...Medicinal and edible plants(MEPs)have attracted increasing interest worldwide due to their natural origin,reliable efficacy,and minimal side effects in recent years.However,the complex and fluctuating levels of inherent chemical constituents and exogenous hazardous contaminants have triggered widespread concerns about their efficacy and safety.Developing analytical methods for both active components and exogenous contaminants concealed in these samples is central to the quality evaluation,in which sample preparation is crucial.This paper systematically reviewed the evolution of standard sample preparation methods,microextraction techniques based on novel solvents and nanomaterials,and innovative integrated techniques from 2019.Accordingly,their merits and weaknesses were discussed by showing fruitful applications in identifying and quantifying active components in these plants.Further,successful applications for analyzing exogenous contaminants were prominently showcased,highlighting the management of pesticides,heavy metals,mycotoxins,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).Finally,forthcoming trends in sample preparation techniques were delineated to illuminate the development and implementation of more advanced sample preparation technologies.展开更多
The fabrication of high-quality YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)−δ(YBCO)nanowires has garnered significant attention in the field of high-temperature superconductivity due to their potential applications in quantum communication,d...The fabrication of high-quality YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)−δ(YBCO)nanowires has garnered significant attention in the field of high-temperature superconductivity due to their potential applications in quantum communication,deep space exploration,and various other fields.Cl_(2)-assisted reactive ion etching(RIE)stands out as a more effective and efficient method for patterning scalable thin films.However,neither RIE nor high-density RIE has achieved superconducting YBCO nanowires with a width smaller than 3μm.Here,we delve into the factors that limit the line width of Cl_(2)-assisted inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching(ICP-RIE)processing and the method to elimiate them.Our approach involves utilizing Cl_(2)/Ar as etching gas and incorporating a specialized vacuum heating process after etching.Our experimental results demonstrate the successful realization of 10 nm-thick YBCO nanowires with widths as small as 0.15μm,exhibiting excellent performance in terms of their intrinsic superconducting properties.The mechanism is evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis in comparison of nanowires with and without heating treatment,in which the residual Cl_(2) on the sidewall of nanowires evaporates and oxidizes Cu^(+)back into Cu^(2+)in an unetched state.展开更多
Ni/TiAl composite brazed joints could significantly reduce the aircraft’s weight.However,low interfacial adhesion,coarse and brittle-hard intermetallic compounds(IMCs)seriously limited the application of Ni/TiAl comp...Ni/TiAl composite brazed joints could significantly reduce the aircraft’s weight.However,low interfacial adhesion,coarse and brittle-hard intermetallic compounds(IMCs)seriously limited the application of Ni/TiAl composite joints in the next generation of aerospace applications.So enhanced K4169/TiAl composite joints were investigated by vacuum brazed with(Ni_(53.33)Cr_(20)B_(16.67)Si_(10)/Zr_(25)Ti_(18.75)Ta_(12.5)Ni_(25)Cu_(18.75))composite filler metal(CFM)designed based on cluster-plus-glue-atom model.The shear strength of the joint reached 485 MPa,comparable to the 491 MPa of TiAl substrate.The flat and brittle-hard diffusion reaction layer between Zones I and II was eliminated,simultaneously generating CrB4 dispersion strengthening due to the CFM developed with the interfacial solid-liquid space-time hysteresis effect.In Zones II and III,IMCs all transformed into Niss(Cr,Fe)_([0–88]),Niss(Ti,Al)_([004]),and Niss(Zr,Si)_([11–2])of circular and oval shapes through isothermal solidification.Meanwhile,the residual stresses and hardness were distributed in reticulated cladding characteristics.Thereby,lattice distortion led to solid solution strengthening and increased plastic toughness through crack termination and bridging mechanisms,which inhibited dislocations from plugging and crack propagation.Various interfaces in ZoneⅣwere regulated into semi-and coherent interfaces.Ni3(Ti,Al)/(Ni,Ti,Al)and(Ni,Ti,Al)/AlNi_(2)Ti were composed of higher interfacial bonding energy(2.771 J/m^(2),2.547 J/m^(2))and Ni-Ni covalent bonds.Interfacial covalent bonding and large interfacial bonding energy coupling strengthened Zone IV.Consequently,cracks initiated at the(Ni,Ti,Al)[013]/Ti3Al_([010])and expanded rapidly into TiAl substrate.Therefore,applying this method to design CFMs and regulate the phase,grain morphology,and interface’s fine structure could provide new pathways for dissimilar hard-to-join metals.展开更多
The interactions between fire,ecosystems,and climate are complex.Tropical ecosystems have dominated global active fires nowadays,yet its causes,mechanisms,and consequences remain relatively poorly understood.To in-ves...The interactions between fire,ecosystems,and climate are complex.Tropical ecosystems have dominated global active fires nowadays,yet its causes,mechanisms,and consequences remain relatively poorly understood.To in-vestigate temporal response of remotely-sensed active fires to intra-annual climate change,several 1-km datasets,including the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Collection 6(MODIS C6)active fires and the Cli-matologies at High Resolution for the Earth’s Land Surface Areas(CHELSA)climate variables,were gathered to examine the climatic characteristics of active fire incidences,fire-climate correlations,and the average monthly response of active fire occurrences to climate change using the Geographic Information System(GIS)Fishnet tool,Theil-Sen Median slope estimation,Mann-Kendall significance test,and Pearson’s correlation.We concluded that climate variables’trends of nearly two-decade active fires displayed varied degrees of increment in precipitation(Pre),temperature(Tas),and surface downwelling shortwave radiation(Rsds)and inconsistent decrement in near-surface relative humidity(Hurs)and near-surface wind speed(sfcWind).MODIS multi-year(2003-2018)active fires were moderately to strongly correlated negatively with Pre and Hurs at 10 km grid-resolution but positively with sfcWind and Rsds,showing marked geographical variations in correlation direction and strength.The most significant finding is the newly observed inverse relationship between active fires and precipitation on both sides of the equator.High occurrence areas of active fires regularly appear back and forth along with latitudinal changes(at one-degree intervals)in monthly minimum precipitation between the tropical Northern and Southern Hemispheres.The present study contributes to exploring the underlying mechanism of fire-climate interactions against the backdrop of climate warming.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric duplication cysts(GDCs)are rare congenital anomalies,and consensus guidelines for their diagnosis and management are currently lacking.We report a rare case of a GDC in a female child presenting as ...BACKGROUND Gastric duplication cysts(GDCs)are rare congenital anomalies,and consensus guidelines for their diagnosis and management are currently lacking.We report a rare case of a GDC in a female child presenting as a submucosal tumor in the gastric antrum.Subtotal resection was achieved using endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),resulting in complete symptom relief and pathological confirmation.This case demonstrates the therapeutic potential of ESD for intraluminal GDCs and underscores the importance of complete resection for definitive diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old girl presented with abdominal distension and pain for>1 year.Gastroscopy revealed a protruding lesion approximately 30 mm in diameter in the gastric antrum.Superficial biopsies revealed moderate chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen with homogeneous cyst wall enhancement.Endoscopic ultrasonography identified a hypoechoic mass originating from the muscularis mucosa.The patient underwent ESD for diagnosis and symptom relief.Intraoperatively,due to firm adhesion between the cyst base and the muscularis propria,selective preservation of the adherent cyst base was performed to mitigate perforation and stenosis risks.Histopathology confirmed a GDC,with cyst lumen lined by gastric-type columnar epithelium and an outer smooth muscle layer.Focal ectopic pancreatic tissues were identified.The patient recovered without complications and remained asymptomatic during 6-month follow-up.Repeat gastroscopy showed the residual cyst wall conforming to antral mucosa,with no recurrence.CONCLUSION Subtotal resection of GDCs using ESD demonstrates a favorable prognosis.展开更多
Cyanobacterial blooms,exacerbated by climate change and eutrophication,increasingly compromise water quality by producing taste and odor(T&O)compounds including 2-methylisoborneol(MIB).Cyanobacteria synthesize MIB...Cyanobacterial blooms,exacerbated by climate change and eutrophication,increasingly compromise water quality by producing taste and odor(T&O)compounds including 2-methylisoborneol(MIB).Cyanobacteria synthesize MIB by redirecting carbon metabolism intermediates into the methylerythritol phosphate pathway.This process appears to be influenced by rising atmospheric CO_(2) partial pressure(pCO_(2)).This study examines how elevated pCO_(2) affects MIB production in Synechococcus sp.FACHB-1061 under varying nutrient conditions.The results indicate that elevated pCO_(2) boosts cyanobacterial biomass and total MIB yield,particularly in nutrient-rich environments,by reducing limitations in bioavailable inorganic carbon.In contrast,in nutrient-limited conditions,both total MIB concentration and per-cell production significantly increased with higher pCO_(2).Elevated pCO_(2) altered the activities of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase,reducing impaired nitrogen assimilation and enhanced carbon fixation.The increase and compositional changes in extracellular polymeric substances suggested carbon overflow and a decline in cellular quality under insufficient nutrients.Additionally,markers of oxidative stress,such as increased superoxide dismutase activity and higher malondialdehyde levels,suggested that oxidative stress might stimulate secondary metabolite production.Metabolomic analysis revealed that critical intermediates of the Calvin cycle and glycolysis,such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetyl-CoA,were upregulated with elevated pCO_(2) in nutrient-limited status,leading to increase of key precursors for MIB.These results highlight the complex interplay between nutrient and rising pCO_(2) in regulating cyanobacterial MIB biosynthesis.The findings suggest that conventional nutrient control strategies for mitigating cyanobacterial blooms and associated T&O issues may need reassessment under future climate scenarios.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide and poses a significant threat to human health.Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-negative early GC(HpN-EGC)often remains undetected beca...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide and poses a significant threat to human health.Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-negative early GC(HpN-EGC)often remains undetected because of its asymptomatic progression.AIM To accurately and efficiently identify high-risk HpN-EGC individuals and guide clinical diagnosis and treatment,we developed a clinical prediction model for HpN-EGC.METHODS This retrospective case-control study evaluated 593 confirmed H.pylori-negative cases at a hospital.Eligible patients were randomized into training(n=416)and internal validation(n=177)groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant predictors,which were incorporated into the nomogram.Patients from a different hospital were included in the external validation group(n=109).Subgroup analyses explored H.pylori eradication(>1 year)in H.pylorinaive populations.RESULTS Risk factors for HpN-EGC were advanced age[odds ratio(OR):1.13],digestive comorbidities(OR:17.55),and frequent consumption of smoked and hot foods(OR:19.00;OR:4.19).Regular legume and nut intake had protective effects(OR:0.30;OR:0.14).The nomogram showed excellent discrimination[training area under the curve(AUC)=0.904;internal validation AUC=0.865;external validation AUC=0.794],stable calibration,and predictive accuracy,with a C-index of 0.904(95%confidence interval:0.876-0.931).Good model fit was supported by a non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow test result(χ2=7.57,P=0.477).Subgroup analysis revealed that smoking and alcohol consumption specifically increased the risk in H.pylori-naive patients,whereas legume and nut consumption consistently reduced the risk across subgroups.CONCLUSION The HpN-EGC risk prediction tool effectively identifies high-risk individuals based on age,digestive comorbidities,consumption of smoked and hot foods,and legume and nut intake.展开更多
This research systematically investigates urban three-dimensional greening layout optimization and smart ecocity construction using deep learning and remote sensing technology.An improved U-Net++ architecture combined...This research systematically investigates urban three-dimensional greening layout optimization and smart ecocity construction using deep learning and remote sensing technology.An improved U-Net++ architecture combined with multi-source remote sensing data achieved high-precision recognition of urban three-dimensional greening with 92.8% overall accuracy.Analysis of spatiotemporal evolution patterns in Shanghai,Hangzhou,and Nanjing revealed that threedimensional greening shows a development trend from demonstration to popularization,with 16.5% annual growth rate.The study quantitatively assessed ecological benefits of various three-dimensional greening types.Results indicate that modular vertical greening and intensive roof gardens yield highest ecological benefits,while climbing-type vertical greening and extensive roof gardens offer optimal benefit-cost ratios.Integration of multiple forms generates 15-22% synergistic enhancement.Compared with traditional planning,the multi-objective optimization-based layout achieved 27.5% increase in carbon sequestration,32.6% improvement in temperature regulation,35.8% enhancement in stormwater management,and 42.3% rise in biodiversity index.Three pilot projects validated that actual ecological benefits reached 90.3-102.3% of predicted values.Multi-scenario simulations indicate optimized layouts can reduce urban heat island intensity by 15.2-18.7%,increase carbon neutrality contribution to 8.6-10.2%,and decrease stormwater runoff peaks by 25.3-32.6%.The findings provide technical methods for urban three-dimensional greening optimization and smart eco-city construction,promoting sustainable urban development.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2507406)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82300646)+6 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7232334)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program(No.PX2024002,PX2020001)Capital Fund for Health Development Scientific Research(No.2024-2-2028)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission AI+Health Collaborative Innovation Cultivation Project(No.Z241100007724004)Research Ward Excellence Program of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(No.BRWEP2024W162020100,BRWEP2024W162020112,BRWEP2024W162020114)Excellent Plan for Capital Medicine Scientific and Technological Innovation Achievement Transformation Promotion Plan(No.YC202401QX0824)Clinical Scientific Research Fund of Beijing Integrated Medical Association[No.ZHKY-2025-1869(B012)]。
文摘With the advancement of surgical techniques and enhanced management of early gastric cancer(EGC),minimally invasive function-preserving surgical approaches have emerged as a common goal for patients and clinicians.Laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery combined with sentinel lymph node navigation surgery(LECSSNNS)has drawn increasing interest because of its dual benefits of minimal invasiveness and organ function preservation.However,robust evidence-based support for guiding clinical implementation remains limited.To address this gap,we systematically evaluated available studies on the clinical application of LECS-SNNS in EGC and integrated expert insights to formulate 20 recommendations.These included preoperative assessment,surgical techniques,intraoperative endoscopic procedures,pathological evaluation,postoperative care,and follow-up.This consensus aimed to provide comprehensive guidance for the standardized application of LECS-SNNS,thereby advancing precise,minimally invasive,and function-preserving treatment for EGC.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42201064,32301381)the Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development of the National Science Foundation(U22A20570)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province of China(2022RC4027)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2023JJ40440).
文摘Drought has the potential to induce extensive defoliation in forest trees.However,the responses of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs,including soluble sugar and starch)to the combined effects of drought and defoliation remain to be elucidated,particularly in pine trees.In this study,we investigated the interactive effects of drought and defoliation on the contents of NSCs in five organs(new and old needles,twigs,stems,as well as roots)of Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis)seedlings.We sampled two batches of the seedlings at 30 and 50 days,respectively.Our results showed that Chinese pine could tolerate mild drought,but severe drought significantly decreased the content of soluble sugars in all organs.Defoliation initially suppressed the photosynthetic rate and significantly reduced the soluble sugar content in all organs.However,after 50 days,this effect was substantially mitigated by the new needle growth.Starch content in twigs,stems,and roots was found to be more vulnerable to defoliation than to drought.A significant interactive effect existed between drought and defoliation on NSCs,with defoliation exacerbating the negative impact of drought on the accumulation of NSCs,especially in new needles and roots.These findings highlight the complex effects of defoliation on NSCs during drought,underscoring critical implications for the management and economic value of Chinese pine forests.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179093 and 21905202)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising for safe,low-cost,and sustainable energy storage.However,their practical deployment is critically hindered by dendrite formation and parasitic reactions at the Zn anode-electrolyte interface.To address this challenge,we present a self-assembly strategy to construct vertically aligned organic-inorganic hybrid nanosheet arrays composed of polyethyleneimine-zinc hydroxide sulfate(PEI-ZHS)via a simple coating-immersion method.The protonation of polyethyleneimine in ZnSO_(4) electrolyte provides localized alkaline conditions for controlled nucleation and growth of ZHS nanosheets at the anode interfa ce.This vertically aligned na noarchitectu re allows for fast Zn^(2+)transport and even nucleation by providing abundant oriented ion-conductive microchannels and accelerating desolvation.Benefiting from these characteristics,the PEI-ZHS layer effectively mitigates side reactions and dendrite growth.As a result,the modified zinc anodes achieve excellent cycling lifespans of 5200 and 1200 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)/1 mAh cm^(-2) and 5 mA cm^(-2)/5 mAh cm^(-2),respectively,in symmetric cells.The Zn‖I_(2) full cell also shows great reversibility,retaining 93.02%of initial capacity after 4000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This work introduces a thermodynamically guided and scalable interfacial engineering approach that advances the stability and performance of Zn metal anodes in AZIBs.
基金funded by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund under Grant ZDYF2024GXJS292.
文摘Deep learning has made significant progress in the field of oriented object detection for remote sensing images.However,existing methods still face challenges when dealing with difficult tasks such as multi-scale targets,complex backgrounds,and small objects in remote sensing.Maintaining model lightweight to address resource constraints in remote sensing scenarios while improving task completion for remote sensing tasks remains a research hotspot.Therefore,we propose an enhanced multi-scale feature extraction lightweight network EM-YOLO based on the YOLOv8s architecture,specifically optimized for the characteristics of large target scale variations,diverse orientations,and numerous small objects in remote sensing images.Our innovations lie in two main aspects:First,a dynamic snake convolution(DSC)is introduced into the backbone network to enhance the model’s feature extraction capability for oriented targets.Second,an innovative focusing-diffusion module is designed in the feature fusion neck to effectively integrate multi-scale feature information.Finally,we introduce Layer-Adaptive Sparsity for magnitude-based Pruning(LASP)method to perform lightweight network pruning to better complete tasks in resource-constrained scenarios.Experimental results on the lightweight platform Orin demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the original YOLOv8s model in oriented remote sensing object detection tasks,and achieves comparable or superior performance to state-of-the-art methods on three authoritative remote sensing datasets(DOTA v1.0,DOTA v1.5,and HRSC2016).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2019QH008.
文摘BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related disease(IgG4-RD),a relatively rare immunemediated chronic inflammatory condition characterized by fibrosis,is capable of affecting multiple organs and systems.Epidemiologically,the disease predominantly affects middle-aged and older men in Asian populations,whereas it shows a female predominance in the corresponding age group in the United States.In IgG4-RD,affected tissues and organs may exhibit diffuse or localized swelling,mimicking neoplastic lesions.IgG4-related cholecystitis(IgG4-CC)represents a manifestation involving the gallbladder,with isolated gallbladder involvement without other organ lesions being exceptionally uncommon.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain.Preoperative evaluations could not exclude gallbladder carcinoma,and surgical intervention was required.Based on intraoperative findings,postoperative pathology,and postoperative serum IgG4 levels,a diagnosis of IgG4-CC was considered.After glucocorticoid therapy,the patient’s general condition substantially improved.CONCLUSION For patients present with space-occupying lesions of the gallbladder,IgG4-RD should be included in the differential diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42003032)the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology(No.2020Z10).
文摘Zircon U-Pb ages,major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope data of the diabase in the Zhangjiakou District were studied to investigate its derivation and tectonic implications.Zircon U-Pb ages indicate that the diabase was emplaced at∼130 Ma or younger,and captured zircons cluster at∼147,∼240,∼430 and∼465 Ma.The diabase is characterized by minor variations in SiO_(2)(49.35 wt.%–52.10 wt.%),TiO_(2)(1.65 wt.%–1.77 wt.%),Al_(2)O_(3)(17.00 wt.%–18.26 wt.%),MgO(4.28 wt.%–4.93 wt.%),CaO(6.69 wt.%–7.90 wt.%)and Mg^(#)(48–54).It has no significant Eu anomaly and displays enrichment in large ion lithophile elements(Rb,Ba and Sr)and depletion in high field strength elements(Nb,Ta,P and Ti).The diabase exhibits homogeneous Sr((^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i=0.70606–0.70701)and Nd(ε_(Nd)(t)=−13.6 to−13.2)isotopic compositions.These features suggest that the parental magma was derived from partial melting of the ancient lower crust,relating to mantle upwelling that was triggered by the stagnant slabs or lithospheric detachment associated with the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.The Early Paleozoic inherited igneous zircons in the diabase suggest that the northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC)likely underwent southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.
文摘Remarkable achievements of the new energy industry policy framework over the past two decades Over the past two decades,the industry policy framework centered on the Renewable Energy Law has effectively facilitated the leapfrog development of China’s new energy sector.During this period,policy incentives were primarily focused on promoting the rational scaling of the industry,thereby driving rapid technological upgrades and iterations.This,in turn,enabled a significant reduc-tion in the cost of new energy power generation.In this process,policy played a pivotal role in two key areas:first,by providing per-kilowatt-hour subsidies to bridge the cost gap between new energy and conventional power sources;and second,by exempting the system cost of new energy grid-connected operation through a full guaranteed purchase system.
基金Supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding Project,No.BJ-2023-206.
文摘Coronary artery disease and aortic valve stenosis are highly prevalent cardio-vascular diseases worldwide,resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality.Surgical interventions,such as coronary artery bypass grafting and surgical aortic valve replacement,offer significant therapeutic benefits,including enhanced postoperative quality of life(QoL)and functional capacity,which are key indi-cators of surgical success.This editorial reviews recent studies on postoperative QoL and functional outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Factors such as preoperative health,age,intensive care unit stay duration,surgical risk,and perioperative complications could influence these outcomes.Cardiac rehabil-itation is pivotal in enhancing patient function,reducing frailty and improving long-term QoL.
基金Supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding Project,No.BJ-2023-206.
文摘This narrative review examines osteosarcopenia,characterized by the concurrent loss of muscle mass and bone density,as a pivotal marker of frailty in older adults.Its implications for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)for severe aortic stenosis remain underexplored.This review examines the association between osteosarcopenia and adverse clinical outcomes in older adults undergoing TAVR,with an emphasis on mortality.It also evaluates the integration of osteosarcopenia into pre-procedural risk assessments.Contemporary studies were reviewed,focusing on older adults undergoing TAVR.Key parameters included pre-procedural assessments of muscle mass(psoas cross-sectional area)and bone density(lumbar trabecular attenuation)using computed tomography.Clinical correlations with frailty indices,nutritional deficiencies,functional disability and mortality were analyzed.Studies including the FRAILTY-AVR cohort indicate that osteosarcopenia affects 15%-20% of TAVR patients and independently predicts 1-year mortality.Combined deficits in muscle and bone health are associated with elevated risks of post-TAVR complications,prolonged hospitalizations,and worsening disability compared to isolated sarcopenia or osteoporosis(P<0.05).Incorporating osteosarcopenia into risk stratification models could enhance predictive accuracy for adverse outcomes.Osteosarcopenia serves as a critical biomarker for frailty and should be routinely assessed in pre-TAVR evaluations.Targeted interventions,such as resistance training and nutritional optimization,may mitigate its impact and improve clinical outcomes.Early identification facilitates personalized management strategies,enhancing survival and quality of life in this high-risk cohort.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81903794)Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(Grant Nos.:0031/2022/AGJ,0014/2022/ITP,005/2023/SKL and 001/2023/ALC)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.:2024A1515030214)Guangdong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Joint Research Special Fund(Grant No.:2023A0505020013)the Research Committee of the University of Macao(Grant Nos.:SRG2022-00035-ICMS,MYRG-CRG2022-00016-ICMS,MYRG2023-00205-ICMS,and MYRG2023-00234-ICMS-UMDF)。
文摘Medicinal and edible plants(MEPs)have attracted increasing interest worldwide due to their natural origin,reliable efficacy,and minimal side effects in recent years.However,the complex and fluctuating levels of inherent chemical constituents and exogenous hazardous contaminants have triggered widespread concerns about their efficacy and safety.Developing analytical methods for both active components and exogenous contaminants concealed in these samples is central to the quality evaluation,in which sample preparation is crucial.This paper systematically reviewed the evolution of standard sample preparation methods,microextraction techniques based on novel solvents and nanomaterials,and innovative integrated techniques from 2019.Accordingly,their merits and weaknesses were discussed by showing fruitful applications in identifying and quantifying active components in these plants.Further,successful applications for analyzing exogenous contaminants were prominently showcased,highlighting the management of pesticides,heavy metals,mycotoxins,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).Finally,forthcoming trends in sample preparation techniques were delineated to illuminate the development and implementation of more advanced sample preparation technologies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA0718800)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC0993)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52021001,U22A20132 and 12074056)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021JDTD0010).
文摘The fabrication of high-quality YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)−δ(YBCO)nanowires has garnered significant attention in the field of high-temperature superconductivity due to their potential applications in quantum communication,deep space exploration,and various other fields.Cl_(2)-assisted reactive ion etching(RIE)stands out as a more effective and efficient method for patterning scalable thin films.However,neither RIE nor high-density RIE has achieved superconducting YBCO nanowires with a width smaller than 3μm.Here,we delve into the factors that limit the line width of Cl_(2)-assisted inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching(ICP-RIE)processing and the method to elimiate them.Our approach involves utilizing Cl_(2)/Ar as etching gas and incorporating a specialized vacuum heating process after etching.Our experimental results demonstrate the successful realization of 10 nm-thick YBCO nanowires with widths as small as 0.15μm,exhibiting excellent performance in terms of their intrinsic superconducting properties.The mechanism is evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis in comparison of nanowires with and without heating treatment,in which the residual Cl_(2) on the sidewall of nanowires evaporates and oxidizes Cu^(+)back into Cu^(2+)in an unetched state.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275314 and 52075074).
文摘Ni/TiAl composite brazed joints could significantly reduce the aircraft’s weight.However,low interfacial adhesion,coarse and brittle-hard intermetallic compounds(IMCs)seriously limited the application of Ni/TiAl composite joints in the next generation of aerospace applications.So enhanced K4169/TiAl composite joints were investigated by vacuum brazed with(Ni_(53.33)Cr_(20)B_(16.67)Si_(10)/Zr_(25)Ti_(18.75)Ta_(12.5)Ni_(25)Cu_(18.75))composite filler metal(CFM)designed based on cluster-plus-glue-atom model.The shear strength of the joint reached 485 MPa,comparable to the 491 MPa of TiAl substrate.The flat and brittle-hard diffusion reaction layer between Zones I and II was eliminated,simultaneously generating CrB4 dispersion strengthening due to the CFM developed with the interfacial solid-liquid space-time hysteresis effect.In Zones II and III,IMCs all transformed into Niss(Cr,Fe)_([0–88]),Niss(Ti,Al)_([004]),and Niss(Zr,Si)_([11–2])of circular and oval shapes through isothermal solidification.Meanwhile,the residual stresses and hardness were distributed in reticulated cladding characteristics.Thereby,lattice distortion led to solid solution strengthening and increased plastic toughness through crack termination and bridging mechanisms,which inhibited dislocations from plugging and crack propagation.Various interfaces in ZoneⅣwere regulated into semi-and coherent interfaces.Ni3(Ti,Al)/(Ni,Ti,Al)and(Ni,Ti,Al)/AlNi_(2)Ti were composed of higher interfacial bonding energy(2.771 J/m^(2),2.547 J/m^(2))and Ni-Ni covalent bonds.Interfacial covalent bonding and large interfacial bonding energy coupling strengthened Zone IV.Consequently,cracks initiated at the(Ni,Ti,Al)[013]/Ti3Al_([010])and expanded rapidly into TiAl substrate.Therefore,applying this method to design CFMs and regulate the phase,grain morphology,and interface’s fine structure could provide new pathways for dissimilar hard-to-join metals.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42371282 and 42130508)the Second Ti-betan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(Grant No.2019QZKK1006)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2020055)。
文摘The interactions between fire,ecosystems,and climate are complex.Tropical ecosystems have dominated global active fires nowadays,yet its causes,mechanisms,and consequences remain relatively poorly understood.To in-vestigate temporal response of remotely-sensed active fires to intra-annual climate change,several 1-km datasets,including the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Collection 6(MODIS C6)active fires and the Cli-matologies at High Resolution for the Earth’s Land Surface Areas(CHELSA)climate variables,were gathered to examine the climatic characteristics of active fire incidences,fire-climate correlations,and the average monthly response of active fire occurrences to climate change using the Geographic Information System(GIS)Fishnet tool,Theil-Sen Median slope estimation,Mann-Kendall significance test,and Pearson’s correlation.We concluded that climate variables’trends of nearly two-decade active fires displayed varied degrees of increment in precipitation(Pre),temperature(Tas),and surface downwelling shortwave radiation(Rsds)and inconsistent decrement in near-surface relative humidity(Hurs)and near-surface wind speed(sfcWind).MODIS multi-year(2003-2018)active fires were moderately to strongly correlated negatively with Pre and Hurs at 10 km grid-resolution but positively with sfcWind and Rsds,showing marked geographical variations in correlation direction and strength.The most significant finding is the newly observed inverse relationship between active fires and precipitation on both sides of the equator.High occurrence areas of active fires regularly appear back and forth along with latitudinal changes(at one-degree intervals)in monthly minimum precipitation between the tropical Northern and Southern Hemispheres.The present study contributes to exploring the underlying mechanism of fire-climate interactions against the backdrop of climate warming.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric duplication cysts(GDCs)are rare congenital anomalies,and consensus guidelines for their diagnosis and management are currently lacking.We report a rare case of a GDC in a female child presenting as a submucosal tumor in the gastric antrum.Subtotal resection was achieved using endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),resulting in complete symptom relief and pathological confirmation.This case demonstrates the therapeutic potential of ESD for intraluminal GDCs and underscores the importance of complete resection for definitive diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old girl presented with abdominal distension and pain for>1 year.Gastroscopy revealed a protruding lesion approximately 30 mm in diameter in the gastric antrum.Superficial biopsies revealed moderate chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen with homogeneous cyst wall enhancement.Endoscopic ultrasonography identified a hypoechoic mass originating from the muscularis mucosa.The patient underwent ESD for diagnosis and symptom relief.Intraoperatively,due to firm adhesion between the cyst base and the muscularis propria,selective preservation of the adherent cyst base was performed to mitigate perforation and stenosis risks.Histopathology confirmed a GDC,with cyst lumen lined by gastric-type columnar epithelium and an outer smooth muscle layer.Focal ectopic pancreatic tissues were identified.The patient recovered without complications and remained asymptomatic during 6-month follow-up.Repeat gastroscopy showed the residual cyst wall conforming to antral mucosa,with no recurrence.CONCLUSION Subtotal resection of GDCs using ESD demonstrates a favorable prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977387)the National Research Foundation,Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)program.
文摘Cyanobacterial blooms,exacerbated by climate change and eutrophication,increasingly compromise water quality by producing taste and odor(T&O)compounds including 2-methylisoborneol(MIB).Cyanobacteria synthesize MIB by redirecting carbon metabolism intermediates into the methylerythritol phosphate pathway.This process appears to be influenced by rising atmospheric CO_(2) partial pressure(pCO_(2)).This study examines how elevated pCO_(2) affects MIB production in Synechococcus sp.FACHB-1061 under varying nutrient conditions.The results indicate that elevated pCO_(2) boosts cyanobacterial biomass and total MIB yield,particularly in nutrient-rich environments,by reducing limitations in bioavailable inorganic carbon.In contrast,in nutrient-limited conditions,both total MIB concentration and per-cell production significantly increased with higher pCO_(2).Elevated pCO_(2) altered the activities of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase,reducing impaired nitrogen assimilation and enhanced carbon fixation.The increase and compositional changes in extracellular polymeric substances suggested carbon overflow and a decline in cellular quality under insufficient nutrients.Additionally,markers of oxidative stress,such as increased superoxide dismutase activity and higher malondialdehyde levels,suggested that oxidative stress might stimulate secondary metabolite production.Metabolomic analysis revealed that critical intermediates of the Calvin cycle and glycolysis,such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetyl-CoA,were upregulated with elevated pCO_(2) in nutrient-limited status,leading to increase of key precursors for MIB.These results highlight the complex interplay between nutrient and rising pCO_(2) in regulating cyanobacterial MIB biosynthesis.The findings suggest that conventional nutrient control strategies for mitigating cyanobacterial blooms and associated T&O issues may need reassessment under future climate scenarios.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC3602104National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82470576Capital Medical University Outstanding Young Talents A Class Project,No.A2408.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide and poses a significant threat to human health.Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-negative early GC(HpN-EGC)often remains undetected because of its asymptomatic progression.AIM To accurately and efficiently identify high-risk HpN-EGC individuals and guide clinical diagnosis and treatment,we developed a clinical prediction model for HpN-EGC.METHODS This retrospective case-control study evaluated 593 confirmed H.pylori-negative cases at a hospital.Eligible patients were randomized into training(n=416)and internal validation(n=177)groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant predictors,which were incorporated into the nomogram.Patients from a different hospital were included in the external validation group(n=109).Subgroup analyses explored H.pylori eradication(>1 year)in H.pylorinaive populations.RESULTS Risk factors for HpN-EGC were advanced age[odds ratio(OR):1.13],digestive comorbidities(OR:17.55),and frequent consumption of smoked and hot foods(OR:19.00;OR:4.19).Regular legume and nut intake had protective effects(OR:0.30;OR:0.14).The nomogram showed excellent discrimination[training area under the curve(AUC)=0.904;internal validation AUC=0.865;external validation AUC=0.794],stable calibration,and predictive accuracy,with a C-index of 0.904(95%confidence interval:0.876-0.931).Good model fit was supported by a non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow test result(χ2=7.57,P=0.477).Subgroup analysis revealed that smoking and alcohol consumption specifically increased the risk in H.pylori-naive patients,whereas legume and nut consumption consistently reduced the risk across subgroups.CONCLUSION The HpN-EGC risk prediction tool effectively identifies high-risk individuals based on age,digestive comorbidities,consumption of smoked and hot foods,and legume and nut intake.
文摘This research systematically investigates urban three-dimensional greening layout optimization and smart ecocity construction using deep learning and remote sensing technology.An improved U-Net++ architecture combined with multi-source remote sensing data achieved high-precision recognition of urban three-dimensional greening with 92.8% overall accuracy.Analysis of spatiotemporal evolution patterns in Shanghai,Hangzhou,and Nanjing revealed that threedimensional greening shows a development trend from demonstration to popularization,with 16.5% annual growth rate.The study quantitatively assessed ecological benefits of various three-dimensional greening types.Results indicate that modular vertical greening and intensive roof gardens yield highest ecological benefits,while climbing-type vertical greening and extensive roof gardens offer optimal benefit-cost ratios.Integration of multiple forms generates 15-22% synergistic enhancement.Compared with traditional planning,the multi-objective optimization-based layout achieved 27.5% increase in carbon sequestration,32.6% improvement in temperature regulation,35.8% enhancement in stormwater management,and 42.3% rise in biodiversity index.Three pilot projects validated that actual ecological benefits reached 90.3-102.3% of predicted values.Multi-scenario simulations indicate optimized layouts can reduce urban heat island intensity by 15.2-18.7%,increase carbon neutrality contribution to 8.6-10.2%,and decrease stormwater runoff peaks by 25.3-32.6%.The findings provide technical methods for urban three-dimensional greening optimization and smart eco-city construction,promoting sustainable urban development.
