BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related disease(IgG4-RD),a relatively rare immunemediated chronic inflammatory condition characterized by fibrosis,is capable of affecting multiple organs and systems.Epidemiological...BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related disease(IgG4-RD),a relatively rare immunemediated chronic inflammatory condition characterized by fibrosis,is capable of affecting multiple organs and systems.Epidemiologically,the disease predominantly affects middle-aged and older men in Asian populations,whereas it shows a female predominance in the corresponding age group in the United States.In IgG4-RD,affected tissues and organs may exhibit diffuse or localized swelling,mimicking neoplastic lesions.IgG4-related cholecystitis(IgG4-CC)represents a manifestation involving the gallbladder,with isolated gallbladder involvement without other organ lesions being exceptionally uncommon.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain.Preoperative evaluations could not exclude gallbladder carcinoma,and surgical intervention was required.Based on intraoperative findings,postoperative pathology,and postoperative serum IgG4 levels,a diagnosis of IgG4-CC was considered.After glucocorticoid therapy,the patient’s general condition substantially improved.CONCLUSION For patients present with space-occupying lesions of the gallbladder,IgG4-RD should be included in the differential diagnosis.展开更多
Zircon U-Pb ages,major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope data of the diabase in the Zhangjiakou District were studied to investigate its derivation and tectonic implications.Zircon U-Pb ages indicate that the di...Zircon U-Pb ages,major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope data of the diabase in the Zhangjiakou District were studied to investigate its derivation and tectonic implications.Zircon U-Pb ages indicate that the diabase was emplaced at∼130 Ma or younger,and captured zircons cluster at∼147,∼240,∼430 and∼465 Ma.The diabase is characterized by minor variations in SiO_(2)(49.35 wt.%–52.10 wt.%),TiO_(2)(1.65 wt.%–1.77 wt.%),Al_(2)O_(3)(17.00 wt.%–18.26 wt.%),MgO(4.28 wt.%–4.93 wt.%),CaO(6.69 wt.%–7.90 wt.%)and Mg^(#)(48–54).It has no significant Eu anomaly and displays enrichment in large ion lithophile elements(Rb,Ba and Sr)and depletion in high field strength elements(Nb,Ta,P and Ti).The diabase exhibits homogeneous Sr((^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i=0.70606–0.70701)and Nd(ε_(Nd)(t)=−13.6 to−13.2)isotopic compositions.These features suggest that the parental magma was derived from partial melting of the ancient lower crust,relating to mantle upwelling that was triggered by the stagnant slabs or lithospheric detachment associated with the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.The Early Paleozoic inherited igneous zircons in the diabase suggest that the northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC)likely underwent southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.展开更多
Remarkable achievements of the new energy industry policy framework over the past two decades Over the past two decades,the industry policy framework centered on the Renewable Energy Law has effectively facilitated th...Remarkable achievements of the new energy industry policy framework over the past two decades Over the past two decades,the industry policy framework centered on the Renewable Energy Law has effectively facilitated the leapfrog development of China’s new energy sector.During this period,policy incentives were primarily focused on promoting the rational scaling of the industry,thereby driving rapid technological upgrades and iterations.This,in turn,enabled a significant reduc-tion in the cost of new energy power generation.In this process,policy played a pivotal role in two key areas:first,by providing per-kilowatt-hour subsidies to bridge the cost gap between new energy and conventional power sources;and second,by exempting the system cost of new energy grid-connected operation through a full guaranteed purchase system.展开更多
Coronary artery disease and aortic valve stenosis are highly prevalent cardio-vascular diseases worldwide,resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality.Surgical interventions,such as coronary artery bypass grafting...Coronary artery disease and aortic valve stenosis are highly prevalent cardio-vascular diseases worldwide,resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality.Surgical interventions,such as coronary artery bypass grafting and surgical aortic valve replacement,offer significant therapeutic benefits,including enhanced postoperative quality of life(QoL)and functional capacity,which are key indi-cators of surgical success.This editorial reviews recent studies on postoperative QoL and functional outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Factors such as preoperative health,age,intensive care unit stay duration,surgical risk,and perioperative complications could influence these outcomes.Cardiac rehabil-itation is pivotal in enhancing patient function,reducing frailty and improving long-term QoL.展开更多
This narrative review examines osteosarcopenia,characterized by the concurrent loss of muscle mass and bone density,as a pivotal marker of frailty in older adults.Its implications for patients undergoing transcatheter...This narrative review examines osteosarcopenia,characterized by the concurrent loss of muscle mass and bone density,as a pivotal marker of frailty in older adults.Its implications for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)for severe aortic stenosis remain underexplored.This review examines the association between osteosarcopenia and adverse clinical outcomes in older adults undergoing TAVR,with an emphasis on mortality.It also evaluates the integration of osteosarcopenia into pre-procedural risk assessments.Contemporary studies were reviewed,focusing on older adults undergoing TAVR.Key parameters included pre-procedural assessments of muscle mass(psoas cross-sectional area)and bone density(lumbar trabecular attenuation)using computed tomography.Clinical correlations with frailty indices,nutritional deficiencies,functional disability and mortality were analyzed.Studies including the FRAILTY-AVR cohort indicate that osteosarcopenia affects 15%-20% of TAVR patients and independently predicts 1-year mortality.Combined deficits in muscle and bone health are associated with elevated risks of post-TAVR complications,prolonged hospitalizations,and worsening disability compared to isolated sarcopenia or osteoporosis(P<0.05).Incorporating osteosarcopenia into risk stratification models could enhance predictive accuracy for adverse outcomes.Osteosarcopenia serves as a critical biomarker for frailty and should be routinely assessed in pre-TAVR evaluations.Targeted interventions,such as resistance training and nutritional optimization,may mitigate its impact and improve clinical outcomes.Early identification facilitates personalized management strategies,enhancing survival and quality of life in this high-risk cohort.展开更多
The fabrication of high-quality YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)−δ(YBCO)nanowires has garnered significant attention in the field of high-temperature superconductivity due to their potential applications in quantum communication,d...The fabrication of high-quality YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)−δ(YBCO)nanowires has garnered significant attention in the field of high-temperature superconductivity due to their potential applications in quantum communication,deep space exploration,and various other fields.Cl_(2)-assisted reactive ion etching(RIE)stands out as a more effective and efficient method for patterning scalable thin films.However,neither RIE nor high-density RIE has achieved superconducting YBCO nanowires with a width smaller than 3μm.Here,we delve into the factors that limit the line width of Cl_(2)-assisted inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching(ICP-RIE)processing and the method to elimiate them.Our approach involves utilizing Cl_(2)/Ar as etching gas and incorporating a specialized vacuum heating process after etching.Our experimental results demonstrate the successful realization of 10 nm-thick YBCO nanowires with widths as small as 0.15μm,exhibiting excellent performance in terms of their intrinsic superconducting properties.The mechanism is evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis in comparison of nanowires with and without heating treatment,in which the residual Cl_(2) on the sidewall of nanowires evaporates and oxidizes Cu^(+)back into Cu^(2+)in an unetched state.展开更多
The interactions between fire,ecosystems,and climate are complex.Tropical ecosystems have dominated global active fires nowadays,yet its causes,mechanisms,and consequences remain relatively poorly understood.To in-ves...The interactions between fire,ecosystems,and climate are complex.Tropical ecosystems have dominated global active fires nowadays,yet its causes,mechanisms,and consequences remain relatively poorly understood.To in-vestigate temporal response of remotely-sensed active fires to intra-annual climate change,several 1-km datasets,including the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Collection 6(MODIS C6)active fires and the Cli-matologies at High Resolution for the Earth’s Land Surface Areas(CHELSA)climate variables,were gathered to examine the climatic characteristics of active fire incidences,fire-climate correlations,and the average monthly response of active fire occurrences to climate change using the Geographic Information System(GIS)Fishnet tool,Theil-Sen Median slope estimation,Mann-Kendall significance test,and Pearson’s correlation.We concluded that climate variables’trends of nearly two-decade active fires displayed varied degrees of increment in precipitation(Pre),temperature(Tas),and surface downwelling shortwave radiation(Rsds)and inconsistent decrement in near-surface relative humidity(Hurs)and near-surface wind speed(sfcWind).MODIS multi-year(2003-2018)active fires were moderately to strongly correlated negatively with Pre and Hurs at 10 km grid-resolution but positively with sfcWind and Rsds,showing marked geographical variations in correlation direction and strength.The most significant finding is the newly observed inverse relationship between active fires and precipitation on both sides of the equator.High occurrence areas of active fires regularly appear back and forth along with latitudinal changes(at one-degree intervals)in monthly minimum precipitation between the tropical Northern and Southern Hemispheres.The present study contributes to exploring the underlying mechanism of fire-climate interactions against the backdrop of climate warming.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric duplication cysts(GDCs)are rare congenital anomalies,and consensus guidelines for their diagnosis and management are currently lacking.We report a rare case of a GDC in a female child presenting as ...BACKGROUND Gastric duplication cysts(GDCs)are rare congenital anomalies,and consensus guidelines for their diagnosis and management are currently lacking.We report a rare case of a GDC in a female child presenting as a submucosal tumor in the gastric antrum.Subtotal resection was achieved using endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),resulting in complete symptom relief and pathological confirmation.This case demonstrates the therapeutic potential of ESD for intraluminal GDCs and underscores the importance of complete resection for definitive diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old girl presented with abdominal distension and pain for>1 year.Gastroscopy revealed a protruding lesion approximately 30 mm in diameter in the gastric antrum.Superficial biopsies revealed moderate chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen with homogeneous cyst wall enhancement.Endoscopic ultrasonography identified a hypoechoic mass originating from the muscularis mucosa.The patient underwent ESD for diagnosis and symptom relief.Intraoperatively,due to firm adhesion between the cyst base and the muscularis propria,selective preservation of the adherent cyst base was performed to mitigate perforation and stenosis risks.Histopathology confirmed a GDC,with cyst lumen lined by gastric-type columnar epithelium and an outer smooth muscle layer.Focal ectopic pancreatic tissues were identified.The patient recovered without complications and remained asymptomatic during 6-month follow-up.Repeat gastroscopy showed the residual cyst wall conforming to antral mucosa,with no recurrence.CONCLUSION Subtotal resection of GDCs using ESD demonstrates a favorable prognosis.展开更多
Cyanobacterial blooms,exacerbated by climate change and eutrophication,increasingly compromise water quality by producing taste and odor(T&O)compounds including 2-methylisoborneol(MIB).Cyanobacteria synthesize MIB...Cyanobacterial blooms,exacerbated by climate change and eutrophication,increasingly compromise water quality by producing taste and odor(T&O)compounds including 2-methylisoborneol(MIB).Cyanobacteria synthesize MIB by redirecting carbon metabolism intermediates into the methylerythritol phosphate pathway.This process appears to be influenced by rising atmospheric CO_(2) partial pressure(pCO_(2)).This study examines how elevated pCO_(2) affects MIB production in Synechococcus sp.FACHB-1061 under varying nutrient conditions.The results indicate that elevated pCO_(2) boosts cyanobacterial biomass and total MIB yield,particularly in nutrient-rich environments,by reducing limitations in bioavailable inorganic carbon.In contrast,in nutrient-limited conditions,both total MIB concentration and per-cell production significantly increased with higher pCO_(2).Elevated pCO_(2) altered the activities of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase,reducing impaired nitrogen assimilation and enhanced carbon fixation.The increase and compositional changes in extracellular polymeric substances suggested carbon overflow and a decline in cellular quality under insufficient nutrients.Additionally,markers of oxidative stress,such as increased superoxide dismutase activity and higher malondialdehyde levels,suggested that oxidative stress might stimulate secondary metabolite production.Metabolomic analysis revealed that critical intermediates of the Calvin cycle and glycolysis,such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetyl-CoA,were upregulated with elevated pCO_(2) in nutrient-limited status,leading to increase of key precursors for MIB.These results highlight the complex interplay between nutrient and rising pCO_(2) in regulating cyanobacterial MIB biosynthesis.The findings suggest that conventional nutrient control strategies for mitigating cyanobacterial blooms and associated T&O issues may need reassessment under future climate scenarios.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide and poses a significant threat to human health.Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-negative early GC(HpN-EGC)often remains undetected beca...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide and poses a significant threat to human health.Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-negative early GC(HpN-EGC)often remains undetected because of its asymptomatic progression.AIM To accurately and efficiently identify high-risk HpN-EGC individuals and guide clinical diagnosis and treatment,we developed a clinical prediction model for HpN-EGC.METHODS This retrospective case-control study evaluated 593 confirmed H.pylori-negative cases at a hospital.Eligible patients were randomized into training(n=416)and internal validation(n=177)groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant predictors,which were incorporated into the nomogram.Patients from a different hospital were included in the external validation group(n=109).Subgroup analyses explored H.pylori eradication(>1 year)in H.pylorinaive populations.RESULTS Risk factors for HpN-EGC were advanced age[odds ratio(OR):1.13],digestive comorbidities(OR:17.55),and frequent consumption of smoked and hot foods(OR:19.00;OR:4.19).Regular legume and nut intake had protective effects(OR:0.30;OR:0.14).The nomogram showed excellent discrimination[training area under the curve(AUC)=0.904;internal validation AUC=0.865;external validation AUC=0.794],stable calibration,and predictive accuracy,with a C-index of 0.904(95%confidence interval:0.876-0.931).Good model fit was supported by a non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow test result(χ2=7.57,P=0.477).Subgroup analysis revealed that smoking and alcohol consumption specifically increased the risk in H.pylori-naive patients,whereas legume and nut consumption consistently reduced the risk across subgroups.CONCLUSION The HpN-EGC risk prediction tool effectively identifies high-risk individuals based on age,digestive comorbidities,consumption of smoked and hot foods,and legume and nut intake.展开更多
Background The Global Cancer Observatory(GLOBOCAN)2022 and the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 are two primary databases for assessing the global cancer burden.This study aimed to compare the incidence and mortality...Background The Global Cancer Observatory(GLOBOCAN)2022 and the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 are two primary databases for assessing the global cancer burden.This study aimed to compare the incidence and mortality rates of tracheal,bronchus,and lung(TBL)cancer reported in these databases and to analyze the observed discrepancies.Methods Age-standardized rates(ASRs),including age-standardized incidence rates and age-standardized mortality rates for TBL cancer,were obtained from GLOBOCAN 2022 and GBD 2021 for the most recent available year.Differences in ASRs at the national level between the two databases were quantified using pairwise differences,calculated as the absolute difference in ASRs divided by the mean of the ASRs from both sources.Correlations between macroeconomic factors and pairwise differences in ASRs were evaluated,and country features correlated with high pairwise differences were assessed.The data sources and methods used in the two databases were also compared.Results Strong correlations were identified between ASRs reported by GLOBOCAN 2022 and GBD 2021;however,significant differences were observed between estimates from the two data sources.African countries commonly exhibited larger pairwise differences in ASRs,whereas European countries demonstrated smaller pairwise differences in ASRs.Additionally,some populous developing countries,including China,South Africa,Brazil and India,showed smaller differences in ASRs.Countries lacking vital registration systems or high-quality population-based cancer registries displayed larger differences in ASRs.Furthermore,differences in ASRs were negatively correlated with macroeconomic factors.The data sources and estimation methods used by the two databases were inconsistent.Conclusions Discrepancies in TBL cancer incidence and mortality were observed between GLOBOCAN 2022 and GBD 2021.While differences in sources and methods partially explain these discrepancies,a country's cancer surveillance maturity and economic status also correlate with the accuracy of the estimates.Estimating the cancer burden in less wealthy countries remains a substantial challenge,necessitating long-term assistance and investment.展开更多
This research systematically investigates urban three-dimensional greening layout optimization and smart ecocity construction using deep learning and remote sensing technology.An improved U-Net++ architecture combined...This research systematically investigates urban three-dimensional greening layout optimization and smart ecocity construction using deep learning and remote sensing technology.An improved U-Net++ architecture combined with multi-source remote sensing data achieved high-precision recognition of urban three-dimensional greening with 92.8% overall accuracy.Analysis of spatiotemporal evolution patterns in Shanghai,Hangzhou,and Nanjing revealed that threedimensional greening shows a development trend from demonstration to popularization,with 16.5% annual growth rate.The study quantitatively assessed ecological benefits of various three-dimensional greening types.Results indicate that modular vertical greening and intensive roof gardens yield highest ecological benefits,while climbing-type vertical greening and extensive roof gardens offer optimal benefit-cost ratios.Integration of multiple forms generates 15-22% synergistic enhancement.Compared with traditional planning,the multi-objective optimization-based layout achieved 27.5% increase in carbon sequestration,32.6% improvement in temperature regulation,35.8% enhancement in stormwater management,and 42.3% rise in biodiversity index.Three pilot projects validated that actual ecological benefits reached 90.3-102.3% of predicted values.Multi-scenario simulations indicate optimized layouts can reduce urban heat island intensity by 15.2-18.7%,increase carbon neutrality contribution to 8.6-10.2%,and decrease stormwater runoff peaks by 25.3-32.6%.The findings provide technical methods for urban three-dimensional greening optimization and smart eco-city construction,promoting sustainable urban development.展开更多
Edge defects significantly impact the forming quality of Mg/Al composite plates during the rolling process.This study aims to develop an effective rolling technique to suppress these defects.First,an enhanced Lemaitre...Edge defects significantly impact the forming quality of Mg/Al composite plates during the rolling process.This study aims to develop an effective rolling technique to suppress these defects.First,an enhanced Lemaitre damage model with a generalized stress state damage prediction mechanism was used to evaluate the key mechanical factors contributing to defect formation.Based on this evaluation,an embedded composite rolling technique was proposed.Subsequently,comparative validation was conducted at 350℃ with a 50% reduction ratio.Results showed that the plates rolled using the embedded composite rolling technique had smooth surfaces and edges,with no macroscopic cracks observed.Numerical simulation indicated that,compared to conventional processes,the proposed technique reduced the maximum edge stress triaxiality of the plates from-0.02 to-1.56,significantly enhancing the triaxial compressive stress effect at the edges,which suppressed void nucleation and growth,leading to a 96%reduction in damage values.Mechanical property evaluations demonstrated that,compared to the conventional rolling process,the proposed technique improved edge bonding strength and tensile strength by approximately 67.7%and 118%,respectively.Further microstructural characterization revealed that the proposed technique,influenced by the restriction of deformation along the transverse direction(TD),weakened the plastic flow in the TD and enhanced plastic flow along the rolling direction(RD),resulting in higher grain boundary density and stronger basal texture.This,in turn,improved the toughness and transverse homogeneity of the plates.In summary,the embedded composite rolling technique provides crucial technical guidance for the preparation of Mg-based composite plates.展开更多
Based on the nonlinear drift-diffusion(NLDD)model,the coupled behavior between the mechanical and electrical fields in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)PN junctions under two typical loading conditions is investigated.T...Based on the nonlinear drift-diffusion(NLDD)model,the coupled behavior between the mechanical and electrical fields in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)PN junctions under two typical loading conditions is investigated.The governing equations for the general shell structure of the PS PN junction are derived within the framework of virtual work principles and charge continuity conditions.The distributions of the electromechanical coupling field are obtained by the Fourier series expansion and the differential quadrature method(DQM),and the nonlinearity is addressed with the iterative method.Several numerical examples are presented to investigate the effects of mechanical loading on the charge carrier transport characteristics.It is found that the barrier height of the heterojunction can be effectively modulated by mechanical loading.Furthermore,a nonlinearity index is introduced to quantify the influence of nonlinearity in the model.It is noted that,when the concentration difference between the two sides is considerable,the nonlinear results differ significantly from the linear results,thereby necessitating the adoption of the NLDD model.展开更多
Nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA),one of the most severe types of male infertility,etiology often remains unclear in most cases.Therefore,this study aimed to detect four biallelic detrimental variants(0.5%)in the minich...Nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA),one of the most severe types of male infertility,etiology often remains unclear in most cases.Therefore,this study aimed to detect four biallelic detrimental variants(0.5%)in the minichromosome maintenance domain containing 2(MCMDC2)genes in 768 NOA patients by whole-exome sequencing(WES).Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)demonstrated that MCMDC2 deleterious variants caused meiotic arrest in three patients(c.1360G>T,c.1956G>T,and c.685C>T)and hypospermatogenesis in one patient(c.94G>T),as further confirmed through immunofluorescence(IF)staining.The single-cell RNA sequencing data indicated that MCMDC2 was substantially expressed during spermatogenesis.The variants were confirmed as deleterious and responsible for patient infertility through bioinformatics and in vitro experimental analyses.The results revealed four MCMDC2 variants related to NOA,which contributes to the current perception of the function of MCMDC2 in male fertility and presents new perspectives on the genetic etiology of NOA.展开更多
Platinum(Pt) nanoparticle catalysts remain the most popular cathode materials for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Non-metallic alloying of Pt has become an emerging strategy to i...Platinum(Pt) nanoparticle catalysts remain the most popular cathode materials for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Non-metallic alloying of Pt has become an emerging strategy to improve electrocatalytic performance, however, the electrocatalytic ORR mechanisms still need to be understood for further improvement toward practical application. Herein, a rapid microwave reduction method is employed for alloying phosphorous(P) into Pt to form a carbon supported phosphorus-alloyed Pt nanoparticle catalyst(P-Pt/C), which demonstrates the ability to replace commercial Pt/C. By a combination of density functional theory calculations and in-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy, the regulation role of P-alloying in the electrocatalytic mechanisms is revealed. It is found that the nearby Pt atoms can convert the ORR pathway from associative one to dissociative one, exhibiting a spontaneous dissociation of*OOH intermediate to*OH and*O species as well as a change of potential determining step to*O protonation. Furthermore, the strategy of large-scale economic synthesis of such alloying Pt-based catalyst is also established, demonstrated by a gram-level synthesis per batch.This study puts insight into the electrocatalytic ORR fundamentals of Pt-alloying with non-metals and provides a basis for the reasonable design and synthesis of efficient nonmetals-alloyed Pt catalysts.展开更多
Nuclearβ-decay,a typical decay process for unstable nuclei,is a key mechanism for producing heavy elements in the Universe.In this study,neural networks were employed to predictβ-decay half-lives and,for the first t...Nuclearβ-decay,a typical decay process for unstable nuclei,is a key mechanism for producing heavy elements in the Universe.In this study,neural networks were employed to predictβ-decay half-lives and,for the first time,to identify abnormal trends in nuclearβ-decay half-lives based on deviations between experimental values and the predictions of neural networks.Nuclei exhibiting anomalous increases,abrupt peaks,sharp decreases,abnormal odd-even oscillations,and excessively large experimental errors in theirβ-decay half-lives,which deviate from systematic patterns,were identified through deviations.These anomalous phenomena may be associated with shell effects,shape coexistence,or discrepancies in the experimental data.The discovery and analysis of these abnormal nuclei provide a valuable reference for further investigations using sophisticated microscopic theories,potentially offering insights into new physics through studies of nuclearβ-decay half-lives.展开更多
Background: Although a number of studies have reported that the hot and humid compress from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with qi stagnation and blood stasis,...Background: Although a number of studies have reported that the hot and humid compress from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with qi stagnation and blood stasis, clinical evidence is limited. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide high-quality evidence to support the effectiveness of the traditional Chinese hot and humid compress in the treatment of LDH with qi stagnation and blood stasis. Methods: From October 2021 to November 2023, 86 patients with LDH of qi stagnation and blood stasis type were recruited in our hospital and divided into a control (n = 43) and an observation group (n = 43) according to the random number table method. The control group was given routine clinical treatment, and the observation group was treated with the hot and humid compress therapy for two weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, TCM syndrome score, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. Results: After treatment, the VAS score, TCM symptom score, and serum IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels decreased in both groups (P P P P P Conclusions: The hot and humid compress of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively relieve pain, restore lumbar function, improve TCM syndromes, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and have a curative effect in treating LDH.展开更多
The flow pattern in a pipeline is a very important topic in petroleum exploitation. This paper is to classify the flow pattern of oil-gas-water flow in a pipeline by using BP neural network. The effects of different p...The flow pattern in a pipeline is a very important topic in petroleum exploitation. This paper is to classify the flow pattern of oil-gas-water flow in a pipeline by using BP neural network. The effects of different parameter combinations are investigated to find the most important ones. It is shown that BP neural network can be used in the analysis of the flow pattern of three-phase flow in pipelines. In most cases, the mean square error is large for the horizontal pipes. The optimized neuron number of the middle layer changes with conditions. So, we must changes the neuron number of the middle layer in simulation for any conditions to seek the best results. These conclusions can be taken as references for further study of the flow pattern of oil-gas-water in a pipeline.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2019QH008.
文摘BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related disease(IgG4-RD),a relatively rare immunemediated chronic inflammatory condition characterized by fibrosis,is capable of affecting multiple organs and systems.Epidemiologically,the disease predominantly affects middle-aged and older men in Asian populations,whereas it shows a female predominance in the corresponding age group in the United States.In IgG4-RD,affected tissues and organs may exhibit diffuse or localized swelling,mimicking neoplastic lesions.IgG4-related cholecystitis(IgG4-CC)represents a manifestation involving the gallbladder,with isolated gallbladder involvement without other organ lesions being exceptionally uncommon.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain.Preoperative evaluations could not exclude gallbladder carcinoma,and surgical intervention was required.Based on intraoperative findings,postoperative pathology,and postoperative serum IgG4 levels,a diagnosis of IgG4-CC was considered.After glucocorticoid therapy,the patient’s general condition substantially improved.CONCLUSION For patients present with space-occupying lesions of the gallbladder,IgG4-RD should be included in the differential diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42003032)the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology(No.2020Z10).
文摘Zircon U-Pb ages,major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope data of the diabase in the Zhangjiakou District were studied to investigate its derivation and tectonic implications.Zircon U-Pb ages indicate that the diabase was emplaced at∼130 Ma or younger,and captured zircons cluster at∼147,∼240,∼430 and∼465 Ma.The diabase is characterized by minor variations in SiO_(2)(49.35 wt.%–52.10 wt.%),TiO_(2)(1.65 wt.%–1.77 wt.%),Al_(2)O_(3)(17.00 wt.%–18.26 wt.%),MgO(4.28 wt.%–4.93 wt.%),CaO(6.69 wt.%–7.90 wt.%)and Mg^(#)(48–54).It has no significant Eu anomaly and displays enrichment in large ion lithophile elements(Rb,Ba and Sr)and depletion in high field strength elements(Nb,Ta,P and Ti).The diabase exhibits homogeneous Sr((^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i=0.70606–0.70701)and Nd(ε_(Nd)(t)=−13.6 to−13.2)isotopic compositions.These features suggest that the parental magma was derived from partial melting of the ancient lower crust,relating to mantle upwelling that was triggered by the stagnant slabs or lithospheric detachment associated with the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.The Early Paleozoic inherited igneous zircons in the diabase suggest that the northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC)likely underwent southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.
文摘Remarkable achievements of the new energy industry policy framework over the past two decades Over the past two decades,the industry policy framework centered on the Renewable Energy Law has effectively facilitated the leapfrog development of China’s new energy sector.During this period,policy incentives were primarily focused on promoting the rational scaling of the industry,thereby driving rapid technological upgrades and iterations.This,in turn,enabled a significant reduc-tion in the cost of new energy power generation.In this process,policy played a pivotal role in two key areas:first,by providing per-kilowatt-hour subsidies to bridge the cost gap between new energy and conventional power sources;and second,by exempting the system cost of new energy grid-connected operation through a full guaranteed purchase system.
基金Supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding Project,No.BJ-2023-206.
文摘Coronary artery disease and aortic valve stenosis are highly prevalent cardio-vascular diseases worldwide,resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality.Surgical interventions,such as coronary artery bypass grafting and surgical aortic valve replacement,offer significant therapeutic benefits,including enhanced postoperative quality of life(QoL)and functional capacity,which are key indi-cators of surgical success.This editorial reviews recent studies on postoperative QoL and functional outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Factors such as preoperative health,age,intensive care unit stay duration,surgical risk,and perioperative complications could influence these outcomes.Cardiac rehabil-itation is pivotal in enhancing patient function,reducing frailty and improving long-term QoL.
基金Supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding Project,No.BJ-2023-206.
文摘This narrative review examines osteosarcopenia,characterized by the concurrent loss of muscle mass and bone density,as a pivotal marker of frailty in older adults.Its implications for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)for severe aortic stenosis remain underexplored.This review examines the association between osteosarcopenia and adverse clinical outcomes in older adults undergoing TAVR,with an emphasis on mortality.It also evaluates the integration of osteosarcopenia into pre-procedural risk assessments.Contemporary studies were reviewed,focusing on older adults undergoing TAVR.Key parameters included pre-procedural assessments of muscle mass(psoas cross-sectional area)and bone density(lumbar trabecular attenuation)using computed tomography.Clinical correlations with frailty indices,nutritional deficiencies,functional disability and mortality were analyzed.Studies including the FRAILTY-AVR cohort indicate that osteosarcopenia affects 15%-20% of TAVR patients and independently predicts 1-year mortality.Combined deficits in muscle and bone health are associated with elevated risks of post-TAVR complications,prolonged hospitalizations,and worsening disability compared to isolated sarcopenia or osteoporosis(P<0.05).Incorporating osteosarcopenia into risk stratification models could enhance predictive accuracy for adverse outcomes.Osteosarcopenia serves as a critical biomarker for frailty and should be routinely assessed in pre-TAVR evaluations.Targeted interventions,such as resistance training and nutritional optimization,may mitigate its impact and improve clinical outcomes.Early identification facilitates personalized management strategies,enhancing survival and quality of life in this high-risk cohort.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA0718800)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC0993)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52021001,U22A20132 and 12074056)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021JDTD0010).
文摘The fabrication of high-quality YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)−δ(YBCO)nanowires has garnered significant attention in the field of high-temperature superconductivity due to their potential applications in quantum communication,deep space exploration,and various other fields.Cl_(2)-assisted reactive ion etching(RIE)stands out as a more effective and efficient method for patterning scalable thin films.However,neither RIE nor high-density RIE has achieved superconducting YBCO nanowires with a width smaller than 3μm.Here,we delve into the factors that limit the line width of Cl_(2)-assisted inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching(ICP-RIE)processing and the method to elimiate them.Our approach involves utilizing Cl_(2)/Ar as etching gas and incorporating a specialized vacuum heating process after etching.Our experimental results demonstrate the successful realization of 10 nm-thick YBCO nanowires with widths as small as 0.15μm,exhibiting excellent performance in terms of their intrinsic superconducting properties.The mechanism is evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis in comparison of nanowires with and without heating treatment,in which the residual Cl_(2) on the sidewall of nanowires evaporates and oxidizes Cu^(+)back into Cu^(2+)in an unetched state.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42371282 and 42130508)the Second Ti-betan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(Grant No.2019QZKK1006)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2020055)。
文摘The interactions between fire,ecosystems,and climate are complex.Tropical ecosystems have dominated global active fires nowadays,yet its causes,mechanisms,and consequences remain relatively poorly understood.To in-vestigate temporal response of remotely-sensed active fires to intra-annual climate change,several 1-km datasets,including the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Collection 6(MODIS C6)active fires and the Cli-matologies at High Resolution for the Earth’s Land Surface Areas(CHELSA)climate variables,were gathered to examine the climatic characteristics of active fire incidences,fire-climate correlations,and the average monthly response of active fire occurrences to climate change using the Geographic Information System(GIS)Fishnet tool,Theil-Sen Median slope estimation,Mann-Kendall significance test,and Pearson’s correlation.We concluded that climate variables’trends of nearly two-decade active fires displayed varied degrees of increment in precipitation(Pre),temperature(Tas),and surface downwelling shortwave radiation(Rsds)and inconsistent decrement in near-surface relative humidity(Hurs)and near-surface wind speed(sfcWind).MODIS multi-year(2003-2018)active fires were moderately to strongly correlated negatively with Pre and Hurs at 10 km grid-resolution but positively with sfcWind and Rsds,showing marked geographical variations in correlation direction and strength.The most significant finding is the newly observed inverse relationship between active fires and precipitation on both sides of the equator.High occurrence areas of active fires regularly appear back and forth along with latitudinal changes(at one-degree intervals)in monthly minimum precipitation between the tropical Northern and Southern Hemispheres.The present study contributes to exploring the underlying mechanism of fire-climate interactions against the backdrop of climate warming.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric duplication cysts(GDCs)are rare congenital anomalies,and consensus guidelines for their diagnosis and management are currently lacking.We report a rare case of a GDC in a female child presenting as a submucosal tumor in the gastric antrum.Subtotal resection was achieved using endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),resulting in complete symptom relief and pathological confirmation.This case demonstrates the therapeutic potential of ESD for intraluminal GDCs and underscores the importance of complete resection for definitive diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old girl presented with abdominal distension and pain for>1 year.Gastroscopy revealed a protruding lesion approximately 30 mm in diameter in the gastric antrum.Superficial biopsies revealed moderate chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen with homogeneous cyst wall enhancement.Endoscopic ultrasonography identified a hypoechoic mass originating from the muscularis mucosa.The patient underwent ESD for diagnosis and symptom relief.Intraoperatively,due to firm adhesion between the cyst base and the muscularis propria,selective preservation of the adherent cyst base was performed to mitigate perforation and stenosis risks.Histopathology confirmed a GDC,with cyst lumen lined by gastric-type columnar epithelium and an outer smooth muscle layer.Focal ectopic pancreatic tissues were identified.The patient recovered without complications and remained asymptomatic during 6-month follow-up.Repeat gastroscopy showed the residual cyst wall conforming to antral mucosa,with no recurrence.CONCLUSION Subtotal resection of GDCs using ESD demonstrates a favorable prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977387)the National Research Foundation,Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)program.
文摘Cyanobacterial blooms,exacerbated by climate change and eutrophication,increasingly compromise water quality by producing taste and odor(T&O)compounds including 2-methylisoborneol(MIB).Cyanobacteria synthesize MIB by redirecting carbon metabolism intermediates into the methylerythritol phosphate pathway.This process appears to be influenced by rising atmospheric CO_(2) partial pressure(pCO_(2)).This study examines how elevated pCO_(2) affects MIB production in Synechococcus sp.FACHB-1061 under varying nutrient conditions.The results indicate that elevated pCO_(2) boosts cyanobacterial biomass and total MIB yield,particularly in nutrient-rich environments,by reducing limitations in bioavailable inorganic carbon.In contrast,in nutrient-limited conditions,both total MIB concentration and per-cell production significantly increased with higher pCO_(2).Elevated pCO_(2) altered the activities of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase,reducing impaired nitrogen assimilation and enhanced carbon fixation.The increase and compositional changes in extracellular polymeric substances suggested carbon overflow and a decline in cellular quality under insufficient nutrients.Additionally,markers of oxidative stress,such as increased superoxide dismutase activity and higher malondialdehyde levels,suggested that oxidative stress might stimulate secondary metabolite production.Metabolomic analysis revealed that critical intermediates of the Calvin cycle and glycolysis,such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetyl-CoA,were upregulated with elevated pCO_(2) in nutrient-limited status,leading to increase of key precursors for MIB.These results highlight the complex interplay between nutrient and rising pCO_(2) in regulating cyanobacterial MIB biosynthesis.The findings suggest that conventional nutrient control strategies for mitigating cyanobacterial blooms and associated T&O issues may need reassessment under future climate scenarios.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC3602104National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82470576Capital Medical University Outstanding Young Talents A Class Project,No.A2408.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide and poses a significant threat to human health.Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-negative early GC(HpN-EGC)often remains undetected because of its asymptomatic progression.AIM To accurately and efficiently identify high-risk HpN-EGC individuals and guide clinical diagnosis and treatment,we developed a clinical prediction model for HpN-EGC.METHODS This retrospective case-control study evaluated 593 confirmed H.pylori-negative cases at a hospital.Eligible patients were randomized into training(n=416)and internal validation(n=177)groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant predictors,which were incorporated into the nomogram.Patients from a different hospital were included in the external validation group(n=109).Subgroup analyses explored H.pylori eradication(>1 year)in H.pylorinaive populations.RESULTS Risk factors for HpN-EGC were advanced age[odds ratio(OR):1.13],digestive comorbidities(OR:17.55),and frequent consumption of smoked and hot foods(OR:19.00;OR:4.19).Regular legume and nut intake had protective effects(OR:0.30;OR:0.14).The nomogram showed excellent discrimination[training area under the curve(AUC)=0.904;internal validation AUC=0.865;external validation AUC=0.794],stable calibration,and predictive accuracy,with a C-index of 0.904(95%confidence interval:0.876-0.931).Good model fit was supported by a non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow test result(χ2=7.57,P=0.477).Subgroup analysis revealed that smoking and alcohol consumption specifically increased the risk in H.pylori-naive patients,whereas legume and nut consumption consistently reduced the risk across subgroups.CONCLUSION The HpN-EGC risk prediction tool effectively identifies high-risk individuals based on age,digestive comorbidities,consumption of smoked and hot foods,and legume and nut intake.
基金supported by the Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030(grant number:2020AAA0109504)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Beijing City(grant number:Z191100006619116).
文摘Background The Global Cancer Observatory(GLOBOCAN)2022 and the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 are two primary databases for assessing the global cancer burden.This study aimed to compare the incidence and mortality rates of tracheal,bronchus,and lung(TBL)cancer reported in these databases and to analyze the observed discrepancies.Methods Age-standardized rates(ASRs),including age-standardized incidence rates and age-standardized mortality rates for TBL cancer,were obtained from GLOBOCAN 2022 and GBD 2021 for the most recent available year.Differences in ASRs at the national level between the two databases were quantified using pairwise differences,calculated as the absolute difference in ASRs divided by the mean of the ASRs from both sources.Correlations between macroeconomic factors and pairwise differences in ASRs were evaluated,and country features correlated with high pairwise differences were assessed.The data sources and methods used in the two databases were also compared.Results Strong correlations were identified between ASRs reported by GLOBOCAN 2022 and GBD 2021;however,significant differences were observed between estimates from the two data sources.African countries commonly exhibited larger pairwise differences in ASRs,whereas European countries demonstrated smaller pairwise differences in ASRs.Additionally,some populous developing countries,including China,South Africa,Brazil and India,showed smaller differences in ASRs.Countries lacking vital registration systems or high-quality population-based cancer registries displayed larger differences in ASRs.Furthermore,differences in ASRs were negatively correlated with macroeconomic factors.The data sources and estimation methods used by the two databases were inconsistent.Conclusions Discrepancies in TBL cancer incidence and mortality were observed between GLOBOCAN 2022 and GBD 2021.While differences in sources and methods partially explain these discrepancies,a country's cancer surveillance maturity and economic status also correlate with the accuracy of the estimates.Estimating the cancer burden in less wealthy countries remains a substantial challenge,necessitating long-term assistance and investment.
文摘This research systematically investigates urban three-dimensional greening layout optimization and smart ecocity construction using deep learning and remote sensing technology.An improved U-Net++ architecture combined with multi-source remote sensing data achieved high-precision recognition of urban three-dimensional greening with 92.8% overall accuracy.Analysis of spatiotemporal evolution patterns in Shanghai,Hangzhou,and Nanjing revealed that threedimensional greening shows a development trend from demonstration to popularization,with 16.5% annual growth rate.The study quantitatively assessed ecological benefits of various three-dimensional greening types.Results indicate that modular vertical greening and intensive roof gardens yield highest ecological benefits,while climbing-type vertical greening and extensive roof gardens offer optimal benefit-cost ratios.Integration of multiple forms generates 15-22% synergistic enhancement.Compared with traditional planning,the multi-objective optimization-based layout achieved 27.5% increase in carbon sequestration,32.6% improvement in temperature regulation,35.8% enhancement in stormwater management,and 42.3% rise in biodiversity index.Three pilot projects validated that actual ecological benefits reached 90.3-102.3% of predicted values.Multi-scenario simulations indicate optimized layouts can reduce urban heat island intensity by 15.2-18.7%,increase carbon neutrality contribution to 8.6-10.2%,and decrease stormwater runoff peaks by 25.3-32.6%.The findings provide technical methods for urban three-dimensional greening optimization and smart eco-city construction,promoting sustainable urban development.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFA0707300)Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20188).
文摘Edge defects significantly impact the forming quality of Mg/Al composite plates during the rolling process.This study aims to develop an effective rolling technique to suppress these defects.First,an enhanced Lemaitre damage model with a generalized stress state damage prediction mechanism was used to evaluate the key mechanical factors contributing to defect formation.Based on this evaluation,an embedded composite rolling technique was proposed.Subsequently,comparative validation was conducted at 350℃ with a 50% reduction ratio.Results showed that the plates rolled using the embedded composite rolling technique had smooth surfaces and edges,with no macroscopic cracks observed.Numerical simulation indicated that,compared to conventional processes,the proposed technique reduced the maximum edge stress triaxiality of the plates from-0.02 to-1.56,significantly enhancing the triaxial compressive stress effect at the edges,which suppressed void nucleation and growth,leading to a 96%reduction in damage values.Mechanical property evaluations demonstrated that,compared to the conventional rolling process,the proposed technique improved edge bonding strength and tensile strength by approximately 67.7%and 118%,respectively.Further microstructural characterization revealed that the proposed technique,influenced by the restriction of deformation along the transverse direction(TD),weakened the plastic flow in the TD and enhanced plastic flow along the rolling direction(RD),resulting in higher grain boundary density and stronger basal texture.This,in turn,improved the toughness and transverse homogeneity of the plates.In summary,the embedded composite rolling technique provides crucial technical guidance for the preparation of Mg-based composite plates.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFE0111000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372151,12302200,12172171,12172183,and U24A2005)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20230873)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M731671)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2023ZB156)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20230807142004009)the Jiangsu Association for Science&Technology Youth Science&Technology Talents Lifting Projectthe Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education(No.075-15-2023-580)the Shenzhen Longhua Science and Technology Innovation Special Funding(Industrial Sci-Tech Innovation Center of Low-Altitude Intelligent Networking)。
文摘Based on the nonlinear drift-diffusion(NLDD)model,the coupled behavior between the mechanical and electrical fields in piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)PN junctions under two typical loading conditions is investigated.The governing equations for the general shell structure of the PS PN junction are derived within the framework of virtual work principles and charge continuity conditions.The distributions of the electromechanical coupling field are obtained by the Fourier series expansion and the differential quadrature method(DQM),and the nonlinearity is addressed with the iterative method.Several numerical examples are presented to investigate the effects of mechanical loading on the charge carrier transport characteristics.It is found that the barrier height of the heterojunction can be effectively modulated by mechanical loading.Furthermore,a nonlinearity index is introduced to quantify the influence of nonlinearity in the model.It is noted that,when the concentration difference between the two sides is considerable,the nonlinear results differ significantly from the linear results,thereby necessitating the adoption of the NLDD model.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2702700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171586)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences Public Hospital Joint Science and Technology Project(2023GLLH0045)Specific Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University for“Invigorating Inner Mongolia through Science and Technology”(2022XYJG001-01-19).
文摘Nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA),one of the most severe types of male infertility,etiology often remains unclear in most cases.Therefore,this study aimed to detect four biallelic detrimental variants(0.5%)in the minichromosome maintenance domain containing 2(MCMDC2)genes in 768 NOA patients by whole-exome sequencing(WES).Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)demonstrated that MCMDC2 deleterious variants caused meiotic arrest in three patients(c.1360G>T,c.1956G>T,and c.685C>T)and hypospermatogenesis in one patient(c.94G>T),as further confirmed through immunofluorescence(IF)staining.The single-cell RNA sequencing data indicated that MCMDC2 was substantially expressed during spermatogenesis.The variants were confirmed as deleterious and responsible for patient infertility through bioinformatics and in vitro experimental analyses.The results revealed four MCMDC2 variants related to NOA,which contributes to the current perception of the function of MCMDC2 in male fertility and presents new perspectives on the genetic etiology of NOA.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No. 23ZR1423900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22272105)。
文摘Platinum(Pt) nanoparticle catalysts remain the most popular cathode materials for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Non-metallic alloying of Pt has become an emerging strategy to improve electrocatalytic performance, however, the electrocatalytic ORR mechanisms still need to be understood for further improvement toward practical application. Herein, a rapid microwave reduction method is employed for alloying phosphorous(P) into Pt to form a carbon supported phosphorus-alloyed Pt nanoparticle catalyst(P-Pt/C), which demonstrates the ability to replace commercial Pt/C. By a combination of density functional theory calculations and in-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy, the regulation role of P-alloying in the electrocatalytic mechanisms is revealed. It is found that the nearby Pt atoms can convert the ORR pathway from associative one to dissociative one, exhibiting a spontaneous dissociation of*OOH intermediate to*OH and*O species as well as a change of potential determining step to*O protonation. Furthermore, the strategy of large-scale economic synthesis of such alloying Pt-based catalyst is also established, demonstrated by a gram-level synthesis per batch.This study puts insight into the electrocatalytic ORR fundamentals of Pt-alloying with non-metals and provides a basis for the reasonable design and synthesis of efficient nonmetals-alloyed Pt catalysts.
基金supported by the‘Young Scientist Scheme’of the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1601500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12075104,12375109,11875070,and 11935001)+1 种基金Anhui Project(Z010118169)Key Research Foundation of the Education Ministry of Anhui Province(No.2023AH050095)。
文摘Nuclearβ-decay,a typical decay process for unstable nuclei,is a key mechanism for producing heavy elements in the Universe.In this study,neural networks were employed to predictβ-decay half-lives and,for the first time,to identify abnormal trends in nuclearβ-decay half-lives based on deviations between experimental values and the predictions of neural networks.Nuclei exhibiting anomalous increases,abrupt peaks,sharp decreases,abnormal odd-even oscillations,and excessively large experimental errors in theirβ-decay half-lives,which deviate from systematic patterns,were identified through deviations.These anomalous phenomena may be associated with shell effects,shape coexistence,or discrepancies in the experimental data.The discovery and analysis of these abnormal nuclei provide a valuable reference for further investigations using sophisticated microscopic theories,potentially offering insights into new physics through studies of nuclearβ-decay half-lives.
文摘Background: Although a number of studies have reported that the hot and humid compress from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with qi stagnation and blood stasis, clinical evidence is limited. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide high-quality evidence to support the effectiveness of the traditional Chinese hot and humid compress in the treatment of LDH with qi stagnation and blood stasis. Methods: From October 2021 to November 2023, 86 patients with LDH of qi stagnation and blood stasis type were recruited in our hospital and divided into a control (n = 43) and an observation group (n = 43) according to the random number table method. The control group was given routine clinical treatment, and the observation group was treated with the hot and humid compress therapy for two weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, TCM syndrome score, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. Results: After treatment, the VAS score, TCM symptom score, and serum IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels decreased in both groups (P P P P P Conclusions: The hot and humid compress of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively relieve pain, restore lumbar function, improve TCM syndromes, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and have a curative effect in treating LDH.
文摘The flow pattern in a pipeline is a very important topic in petroleum exploitation. This paper is to classify the flow pattern of oil-gas-water flow in a pipeline by using BP neural network. The effects of different parameter combinations are investigated to find the most important ones. It is shown that BP neural network can be used in the analysis of the flow pattern of three-phase flow in pipelines. In most cases, the mean square error is large for the horizontal pipes. The optimized neuron number of the middle layer changes with conditions. So, we must changes the neuron number of the middle layer in simulation for any conditions to seek the best results. These conclusions can be taken as references for further study of the flow pattern of oil-gas-water in a pipeline.
