The genus Ablepharus represents a morphologically diverse group of lizards,comprising approximately 19 species distributed across Asia.However,due to challenges in sample collection,the taxonomy and phylogeny of this ...The genus Ablepharus represents a morphologically diverse group of lizards,comprising approximately 19 species distributed across Asia.However,due to challenges in sample collection,the taxonomy and phylogeny of this genus remain poorly resolved.In this study,we identified and described a novel species of Ablepharus from western Xizang,China,through morphological analysis and molecular phylogenetics.Phylogenetic reconstruction based on mitochondrial DNA(ND2)sequences showed that the new species formed a strongly supported sister lineage with A.ladacensis and A.himalayanus,while exhibiting significant genetic divergence from all other congeners.In addition to its genetic distinctiveness,the new species can be characterized by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)eyelids partially fused;(2)tympanum sunken;(3)supranasal scales absent;(4)prefrontals separated from each other;(5)supraoculars 4;(6)supralabials 7,6^(th) largest;(7)infralabials 6 or 7;(8)scale rows across neck and back 6;(9)scales encircling midbody 32;(10)midventral scales from last chinshield to precloaca 72-80;(11)subcaudals 110-125;(12)lamellae beneath 4^(th) finger 13-16,beneath 4^(th) toe 18-21;(13)body brownish-olive,devoid of spots,venter brick-red.This study highlights the underexplored species diversity within Ablepharus in China and provides new insights into the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of the genus.展开更多
We present a grid-growth method to reconstruct 3D rock joints with arbitrary joint roughness and persistence.In the first step of this workflow,the joint model is divided into uniform grids.Then by adjusting the posit...We present a grid-growth method to reconstruct 3D rock joints with arbitrary joint roughness and persistence.In the first step of this workflow,the joint model is divided into uniform grids.Then by adjusting the positions of the grids,the joint morphology can be modified to construct models with desired joint roughness and persistence.Accordingly,numerous joint models with different joint roughness and persistence were built.The effects of relevant parameters(such as the number,height,slope of asperities,and the number,area of rock bridges)on the joint roughness coefficient(JRC)and joint persistence were investigated.Finally,an artificially split joint was reconstructed using the method,and the method's accuracy was evaluated by comparing the JRC of the models with that of the artificially split joint.The results showed that the proposed method can effectively control the JRC of joint models by adjusting the number,height,and slope of asperities.The method can also modify the joint persistence of joint models by adjusting the number and area of rock bridges.Additionally,the JRC of models obtained by our method agrees with that of the artificially split surface.Overall,the method demonstrated high accuracy for 3D rock joint reconstruction.展开更多
In most Suzuki–Miyaura carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions,the borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold(9-BBN)only serves as an auxiliary facilitating the transmetalation step and thus is transformed into by-products.The...In most Suzuki–Miyaura carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions,the borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold(9-BBN)only serves as an auxiliary facilitating the transmetalation step and thus is transformed into by-products.There are rare examples where the 9-BBN derivatives serve as the potentially diverse C8 building blocks in cross-coupling reactions.Herein,we report a cobalt-catalyzed migratory carboncarbon cross-coupling reaction of the in situ formed 9-BBN ate complexes to afford diverse aryl-and alkyl-functionalized cyclooctenes.Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the oxidation-induced cisbicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-ylborane is the key intermediate in this migratory cross-coupling reaction,which promotes the development of other diverse migratory cross-coupling of borate complexes.展开更多
The microstructural evolution at the liquid Al/solid Ni interface during remelting and resolidification was dynamically observed by using synchrotron radiography.The formation and growth behavior of Al_(3)Ni_(2) and A...The microstructural evolution at the liquid Al/solid Ni interface during remelting and resolidification was dynamically observed by using synchrotron radiography.The formation and growth behavior of Al_(3)Ni_(2) and Al_(3)Ni brittle intermetallic compounds(IMCs)under different conditions was investigated,and the formation mechanisms of dendritic Al_(3)Ni crystals with different morphologies were elucidated.The increasing remelting cycles accelerated the formation of Al_(3)Ni_(2) layer and the growth of Al_(3)Ni IMCs.The increased-step heating temperatures and time promoted the morphological transition from faceted to non-faceted dendritic Al_(3)Ni,which was attributed to the enhanced undercooling during solidification and incompletely remelted Al_(3)Ni IMCs during remelting.The growth of regular Al_(3)Ni dendrites was dominated by coalescence of secondary dendrite arms,while the growth of irregular dendrites Al_(3)Ni was controlled by dendrite merging,radial melting and axial melting of secondary arms.The axially free dendritic Al_(3)Ni was attributed to the small distance between adjacent main trunks,and the dense secondary arms promoted the formation of local solute depletion regions.展开更多
In the practical problems such as nuclear waste pollution and seawater intrusion etc., many problems are reduced to solving the convection-diffusion equation, so the research of convection-diffusion equation is of gre...In the practical problems such as nuclear waste pollution and seawater intrusion etc., many problems are reduced to solving the convection-diffusion equation, so the research of convection-diffusion equation is of great value. In this work, a spectral method is presented for solving one and two dimensional convection-diffusion equation with source term. The finite difference method is also used to solve the convection diffusion equation. The numerical experiments show that the spectral method is more efficient than other methods for solving the convection-diffusion equation.展开更多
模式识别受体Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)是固有免疫中免疫受体的代表,进化上十分保守,对生物体的生存极为重要。TLRs通过内源或外源的配体启动信号转导,激活下游一系列重要的基因表达与活化。研究表明调节性T细胞(Regulatory...模式识别受体Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)是固有免疫中免疫受体的代表,进化上十分保守,对生物体的生存极为重要。TLRs通过内源或外源的配体启动信号转导,激活下游一系列重要的基因表达与活化。研究表明调节性T细胞(Regulatory T cell,Treg)在维持机体外周免疫耐受和阻止移植排斥反应等方面发挥核心作用。Treg细胞表达某些TLRs,包括TLR2、TLR4、TLR5、TLR7、TLR8、TLR9等。TLRs的活化可能直接或间接地影响(主要是活化) Treg的增殖和免疫抑制功能,这种调节与感染、自身免疫病和癌症的发生密切相关。其中热休克蛋白作为TLRs配体分子对于Treg的调节发挥了重要的作用。因此,了解TLRs通路对研究Treg免疫调控机制、新药物研发和靶向治疗有重大意义。文中简要介绍了TLRs通路调节Treg免疫功能的相关研究进展。展开更多
In this paper, graphite-like carbon （GLC） films with Cr buffer layer were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering technique with the thickness ratio of Cr to GLC films varying from 1：2 to 1：20. The effect of Cr]GLC ...In this paper, graphite-like carbon （GLC） films with Cr buffer layer were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering technique with the thickness ratio of Cr to GLC films varying from 1：2 to 1：20. The effect of Cr]GLC modulation ratio on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties in artificial seawater was mainly investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, nano-indenter and a reciprocating sliding tribo-meter. The propagation of defects plays an important role in the evolution of delamination, which is critical to wear failure of GLC films in artificial seawa- ter. Designing the proper multilayer structure could inhibit the defects propagation and thus protect the basis material. The multilayer Cr/GLC film with optimized ratio of 1：3 demonstrates a low average friction coefficient of 0.08 ± 0.006 and wear rate of （2.3 ± 0.3） × 10^-8 mm3/（N m） in artificial seawater, respectively.展开更多
Deletion of chromosome 6q is frequent in breast cancer, and the deletion often involves a region in 6q 14-q 16. At present, however, the underlying tumor suppressor gene has not been established. Based on a recent stu...Deletion of chromosome 6q is frequent in breast cancer, and the deletion often involves a region in 6q 14-q 16. At present, however, the underlying tumor suppressor gene has not been established. Based on a recent study identifying snoRNA U50 as a candidate for the 6q14-16 tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer, we investigated whether U50 is also involved in breast cancer. PCR-based approaches showed that U50 underwent frequent genomic deletion and transcriptional downregulation in cell lines derived from breast cancer. Mutation screening identified the same 2-bp deletion of U50 as in prostate cancer in both cell lines and primary tumors from breast cancer, and the deletion was both somatic and in germline. Genotyping of a cohort of breast cancer cases and controls for the mutation demonstrated that, while homozygous genotype of the mutation was rare, its heterozygous genotype occurred more frequently in women with breast cancer. Functionally, re-expression of U50 resulted in the inhibition of colony formation in breast cancer cell lines. These results suggest that noncoding snoRNA U50 plays a role in the development and/or progression of breast cancer.展开更多
The single prefrontal configuration has historically been used as an important diagnostic character for many natricine taxa. For example, the genus Trimerodytes Cope, 1895 was long been regarded as a junior synonym of...The single prefrontal configuration has historically been used as an important diagnostic character for many natricine taxa. For example, the genus Trimerodytes Cope, 1895 was long been regarded as a junior synonym of Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 for their similar prefrontal configurations and the type species, T. balteatus Cope, 1895, has been assigned to the genus Opisthotropis. However, as the number and arrangement of prefrontal vary frequently both at species and generic level, it is questionable whether the synonymization of Trimerodytes reflects their evolutionary relationships. On the basis of recently collected specimens of O. balteata, the generic status of the species was assessed using both molecular and morphological data. Opisthotropis was recovered as polyphyletic with reference to O. balteata, because O. balteata is nested within the genus Sinonatrix Rossman and Eberle, 1977 and is the sister species of the type species of Sinonatrix. Consequently, we herein resurrect the long-overlooked synonym Trimerodytes from Opisthotropis and synonymize the junior generic nomen Sinonatrix with Trimerodytes. In addition, based on morphological similarities between the monotypic genus Paratapinophis Angel, 1929 and Trimerodytes, we doubt about the validity of Paratapinophis. Following taxonomic changes in this work, the taxonomic account of the genus Trimerodytes, updated descriptions of its type species, and diagnostic key to Trimerodytes species are provided.展开更多
BACKGROUND No guideline recommends antiviral therapy for hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels and a high hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA...BACKGROUND No guideline recommends antiviral therapy for hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels and a high hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA viral load.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a Chinese herbal formula as a therapeutic option for chronic HBV infection.METHODS In total,395 patients(30–65 years old)with confirmed HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B infection and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase were randomized to receive either Chinese herbal formula or placebo for 96 wk.Endpoints to evaluate therapeutic efficacy included:(1)HBV DNA levels decreased to less than 4 log10 IU/mL at weeks 48 and 96;and(2)HBeAg clearance and seroconversion rates at weeks 48 and 96.RESULTS HBV DNA levels≤4 log10 IU/mL were 10.05%at week 48 and 18.59%at week 96 in the treatment group.The HBeAg clearance and conversion rates were 8.54%and 8.04%at week 48 and 16.08%and 14.57%at week 96,respectively.However,HBV DNA levels≤4 log10 IU/mL were 2.55%and 2.55%at weeks 48 and 96,respectively,and the HBeAg clearance rates were 3.06%and 5.61%at weeks 48 and 96,respectively,in the control group.The quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen and HBeAg levels at baseline and changes during the treatment period as well as the alanine aminotransferase elevation at weeks 12 and 24 were strong predictors of HBeAg clearance.CONCLUSION High rates of HBV DNA reduction,HBeAg clearance and seroconversion could be achieved with Chinese herbal formula treatments,and the treatments were relatively safe for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B-infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase.The ability of the compound to modulate host immune function probably contributed to this effect.展开更多
A new species of natricine snake of the Southeast Asian genus Opisthotropis GUnther, 1872 is described from western Hunan Province of China based on both mitochondrial DNA and morphological data. The new species is mo...A new species of natricine snake of the Southeast Asian genus Opisthotropis GUnther, 1872 is described from western Hunan Province of China based on both mitochondrial DNA and morphological data. The new species is morphologically most similar and genetically most closely related to O. cheni Zhao, 1999 and O. latouchfi （Boulenger, 1899）, but possesses considerable genetic divergence （p- distance 5.1%-16.7%） and can be differentiated from all other congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters： （1） body size large （total length 514-586 mm） and strongly built; （2） dorsal scale rows 17 throughout, feebly keeled anteriorly and moderately keeled posteriorly; （3） ventral scales 147-152, subcaudal scales 54-62; （4） preocular absent, Ioreal elongated and touching orbit; （5） supralabials 8-9, fifth and sixth entering obit; （6） anterior temporals short, length 1.74-2.04 times longer than width; （7） maxillary teeth subequal, 28-30; （8） dorsal surface of head with distinct irregular yellow stripes and markings edged with ochre; （9） body with clear black and yellow longitudinal streaks, partly fused to several lighter patches or thicker stripes anteriorly; and （10） venter pale yellow, with asymmetric blackish speckles along outer margin. We present an updated diagnostic key to all members of the genus Opisthotropis, and recommendations on the ecological study for the group are provided.展开更多
In view of the M_(n+1)AX_(n)(MAX)phase coatings benefting the adaptive passivation flm for good corrosion resistance and high electronic density of states for excellent electrical conductivity,here,we reported the Cr_...In view of the M_(n+1)AX_(n)(MAX)phase coatings benefting the adaptive passivation flm for good corrosion resistance and high electronic density of states for excellent electrical conductivity,here,we reported the Cr_(2)Al C MAX phase coatings with different preferred orientations by a homemade technique consisting of vacuum arc and magnetron sputtering.The dependence of surface and interface microstructural evolution upon the corrosion and electrochemical properties of deposited coating was focused.Results showed that all the Cr_(2)Al C coatings with different phase orientations greatly improved the performance of stainless steel(SS)316 L substrate.Specifcally,the lowest value of interface contact resistance(ICR)reached to 3.16 mΩcm^(2)and the lowest corrosion current density was 2×10^(-2)μA cm^(-2),which were much better than those of bare SS316L.The combined studies of electrochemical properties and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the Cr_(2)Al C coatings with preferred(103)orientation were easier to form oxide passivation flm on their surface to increase the corrosion resistance.展开更多
基金funded by the Second Xizang Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2024QZKK0200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 32370486)Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Large Research Infrastructure Funding).
文摘The genus Ablepharus represents a morphologically diverse group of lizards,comprising approximately 19 species distributed across Asia.However,due to challenges in sample collection,the taxonomy and phylogeny of this genus remain poorly resolved.In this study,we identified and described a novel species of Ablepharus from western Xizang,China,through morphological analysis and molecular phylogenetics.Phylogenetic reconstruction based on mitochondrial DNA(ND2)sequences showed that the new species formed a strongly supported sister lineage with A.ladacensis and A.himalayanus,while exhibiting significant genetic divergence from all other congeners.In addition to its genetic distinctiveness,the new species can be characterized by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)eyelids partially fused;(2)tympanum sunken;(3)supranasal scales absent;(4)prefrontals separated from each other;(5)supraoculars 4;(6)supralabials 7,6^(th) largest;(7)infralabials 6 or 7;(8)scale rows across neck and back 6;(9)scales encircling midbody 32;(10)midventral scales from last chinshield to precloaca 72-80;(11)subcaudals 110-125;(12)lamellae beneath 4^(th) finger 13-16,beneath 4^(th) toe 18-21;(13)body brownish-olive,devoid of spots,venter brick-red.This study highlights the underexplored species diversity within Ablepharus in China and provides new insights into the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of the genus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172019 and 42477210).
文摘We present a grid-growth method to reconstruct 3D rock joints with arbitrary joint roughness and persistence.In the first step of this workflow,the joint model is divided into uniform grids.Then by adjusting the positions of the grids,the joint morphology can be modified to construct models with desired joint roughness and persistence.Accordingly,numerous joint models with different joint roughness and persistence were built.The effects of relevant parameters(such as the number,height,slope of asperities,and the number,area of rock bridges)on the joint roughness coefficient(JRC)and joint persistence were investigated.Finally,an artificially split joint was reconstructed using the method,and the method's accuracy was evaluated by comparing the JRC of the models with that of the artificially split joint.The results showed that the proposed method can effectively control the JRC of joint models by adjusting the number,height,and slope of asperities.The method can also modify the joint persistence of joint models by adjusting the number and area of rock bridges.Additionally,the JRC of models obtained by our method agrees with that of the artificially split surface.Overall,the method demonstrated high accuracy for 3D rock joint reconstruction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22171046)the Hundred-Talent Project of Fujian(No.50021113)Fuzhou University(No.0480-00489503)。
文摘In most Suzuki–Miyaura carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions,the borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold(9-BBN)only serves as an auxiliary facilitating the transmetalation step and thus is transformed into by-products.There are rare examples where the 9-BBN derivatives serve as the potentially diverse C8 building blocks in cross-coupling reactions.Herein,we report a cobalt-catalyzed migratory carboncarbon cross-coupling reaction of the in situ formed 9-BBN ate complexes to afford diverse aryl-and alkyl-functionalized cyclooctenes.Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the oxidation-induced cisbicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-ylborane is the key intermediate in this migratory cross-coupling reaction,which promotes the development of other diverse migratory cross-coupling of borate complexes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Outstanding Young Scholars(52325407)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474401)+1 种基金Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712919)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515140124,2025A1515012873,2022A1515140028,2022A1515010761).
文摘The microstructural evolution at the liquid Al/solid Ni interface during remelting and resolidification was dynamically observed by using synchrotron radiography.The formation and growth behavior of Al_(3)Ni_(2) and Al_(3)Ni brittle intermetallic compounds(IMCs)under different conditions was investigated,and the formation mechanisms of dendritic Al_(3)Ni crystals with different morphologies were elucidated.The increasing remelting cycles accelerated the formation of Al_(3)Ni_(2) layer and the growth of Al_(3)Ni IMCs.The increased-step heating temperatures and time promoted the morphological transition from faceted to non-faceted dendritic Al_(3)Ni,which was attributed to the enhanced undercooling during solidification and incompletely remelted Al_(3)Ni IMCs during remelting.The growth of regular Al_(3)Ni dendrites was dominated by coalescence of secondary dendrite arms,while the growth of irregular dendrites Al_(3)Ni was controlled by dendrite merging,radial melting and axial melting of secondary arms.The axially free dendritic Al_(3)Ni was attributed to the small distance between adjacent main trunks,and the dense secondary arms promoted the formation of local solute depletion regions.
文摘In the practical problems such as nuclear waste pollution and seawater intrusion etc., many problems are reduced to solving the convection-diffusion equation, so the research of convection-diffusion equation is of great value. In this work, a spectral method is presented for solving one and two dimensional convection-diffusion equation with source term. The finite difference method is also used to solve the convection diffusion equation. The numerical experiments show that the spectral method is more efficient than other methods for solving the convection-diffusion equation.
文摘模式识别受体Toll样受体(Toll like receptors,TLRs)是固有免疫中免疫受体的代表,进化上十分保守,对生物体的生存极为重要。TLRs通过内源或外源的配体启动信号转导,激活下游一系列重要的基因表达与活化。研究表明调节性T细胞(Regulatory T cell,Treg)在维持机体外周免疫耐受和阻止移植排斥反应等方面发挥核心作用。Treg细胞表达某些TLRs,包括TLR2、TLR4、TLR5、TLR7、TLR8、TLR9等。TLRs的活化可能直接或间接地影响(主要是活化) Treg的增殖和免疫抑制功能,这种调节与感染、自身免疫病和癌症的发生密切相关。其中热休克蛋白作为TLRs配体分子对于Treg的调节发挥了重要的作用。因此,了解TLRs通路对研究Treg免疫调控机制、新药物研发和靶向治疗有重大意义。文中简要介绍了TLRs通路调节Treg免疫功能的相关研究进展。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51522106 and 51375475)Zhejiang Key Research and Development Program(2017C01001)Public Projects of Zhejiang Province
文摘In this paper, graphite-like carbon （GLC） films with Cr buffer layer were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering technique with the thickness ratio of Cr to GLC films varying from 1：2 to 1：20. The effect of Cr]GLC modulation ratio on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties in artificial seawater was mainly investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, nano-indenter and a reciprocating sliding tribo-meter. The propagation of defects plays an important role in the evolution of delamination, which is critical to wear failure of GLC films in artificial seawa- ter. Designing the proper multilayer structure could inhibit the defects propagation and thus protect the basis material. The multilayer Cr/GLC film with optimized ratio of 1：3 demonstrates a low average friction coefficient of 0.08 ± 0.006 and wear rate of （2.3 ± 0.3） × 10^-8 mm3/（N m） in artificial seawater, respectively.
基金supported in part by a grant from the National Cancer Institute,USA (No. R01CA085560)
文摘Deletion of chromosome 6q is frequent in breast cancer, and the deletion often involves a region in 6q 14-q 16. At present, however, the underlying tumor suppressor gene has not been established. Based on a recent study identifying snoRNA U50 as a candidate for the 6q14-16 tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer, we investigated whether U50 is also involved in breast cancer. PCR-based approaches showed that U50 underwent frequent genomic deletion and transcriptional downregulation in cell lines derived from breast cancer. Mutation screening identified the same 2-bp deletion of U50 as in prostate cancer in both cell lines and primary tumors from breast cancer, and the deletion was both somatic and in germline. Genotyping of a cohort of breast cancer cases and controls for the mutation demonstrated that, while homozygous genotype of the mutation was rare, its heterozygous genotype occurred more frequently in women with breast cancer. Functionally, re-expression of U50 resulted in the inhibition of colony formation in breast cancer cell lines. These results suggest that noncoding snoRNA U50 plays a role in the development and/or progression of breast cancer.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0505202)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB31000000)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31722049, 31772434)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (QYZDB-SSW-SMC058)the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science (Y4ZK111B01)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CASthe CAS “Light of West China” Program (2018XBZG_JCTD_001)Talent Program from Organization Department of Sichuan Provincial Committeepartially supported by project BSTMV.08/16-19 to NTT
文摘The single prefrontal configuration has historically been used as an important diagnostic character for many natricine taxa. For example, the genus Trimerodytes Cope, 1895 was long been regarded as a junior synonym of Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 for their similar prefrontal configurations and the type species, T. balteatus Cope, 1895, has been assigned to the genus Opisthotropis. However, as the number and arrangement of prefrontal vary frequently both at species and generic level, it is questionable whether the synonymization of Trimerodytes reflects their evolutionary relationships. On the basis of recently collected specimens of O. balteata, the generic status of the species was assessed using both molecular and morphological data. Opisthotropis was recovered as polyphyletic with reference to O. balteata, because O. balteata is nested within the genus Sinonatrix Rossman and Eberle, 1977 and is the sister species of the type species of Sinonatrix. Consequently, we herein resurrect the long-overlooked synonym Trimerodytes from Opisthotropis and synonymize the junior generic nomen Sinonatrix with Trimerodytes. In addition, based on morphological similarities between the monotypic genus Paratapinophis Angel, 1929 and Trimerodytes, we doubt about the validity of Paratapinophis. Following taxonomic changes in this work, the taxonomic account of the genus Trimerodytes, updated descriptions of its type species, and diagnostic key to Trimerodytes species are provided.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81174263National Science and Technology Major Project during the 12th Five-year Plan Period,No.2012ZX1005006+1 种基金Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,China,No.SZSM201612074and Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China,No.2017A020213016.
文摘BACKGROUND No guideline recommends antiviral therapy for hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels and a high hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA viral load.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a Chinese herbal formula as a therapeutic option for chronic HBV infection.METHODS In total,395 patients(30–65 years old)with confirmed HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B infection and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase were randomized to receive either Chinese herbal formula or placebo for 96 wk.Endpoints to evaluate therapeutic efficacy included:(1)HBV DNA levels decreased to less than 4 log10 IU/mL at weeks 48 and 96;and(2)HBeAg clearance and seroconversion rates at weeks 48 and 96.RESULTS HBV DNA levels≤4 log10 IU/mL were 10.05%at week 48 and 18.59%at week 96 in the treatment group.The HBeAg clearance and conversion rates were 8.54%and 8.04%at week 48 and 16.08%and 14.57%at week 96,respectively.However,HBV DNA levels≤4 log10 IU/mL were 2.55%and 2.55%at weeks 48 and 96,respectively,and the HBeAg clearance rates were 3.06%and 5.61%at weeks 48 and 96,respectively,in the control group.The quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen and HBeAg levels at baseline and changes during the treatment period as well as the alanine aminotransferase elevation at weeks 12 and 24 were strong predictors of HBeAg clearance.CONCLUSION High rates of HBV DNA reduction,HBeAg clearance and seroconversion could be achieved with Chinese herbal formula treatments,and the treatments were relatively safe for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B-infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase.The ability of the compound to modulate host immune function probably contributed to this effect.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB0202)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31722049,31772434,31372173)+3 种基金Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y4ZK111B01)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0505202)Frontier Science Key Research Programs of CAS(QYZDB-SSW-SMC058)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS
文摘A new species of natricine snake of the Southeast Asian genus Opisthotropis GUnther, 1872 is described from western Hunan Province of China based on both mitochondrial DNA and morphological data. The new species is morphologically most similar and genetically most closely related to O. cheni Zhao, 1999 and O. latouchfi （Boulenger, 1899）, but possesses considerable genetic divergence （p- distance 5.1%-16.7%） and can be differentiated from all other congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters： （1） body size large （total length 514-586 mm） and strongly built; （2） dorsal scale rows 17 throughout, feebly keeled anteriorly and moderately keeled posteriorly; （3） ventral scales 147-152, subcaudal scales 54-62; （4） preocular absent, Ioreal elongated and touching orbit; （5） supralabials 8-9, fifth and sixth entering obit; （6） anterior temporals short, length 1.74-2.04 times longer than width; （7） maxillary teeth subequal, 28-30; （8） dorsal surface of head with distinct irregular yellow stripes and markings edged with ochre; （9） body with clear black and yellow longitudinal streaks, partly fused to several lighter patches or thicker stripes anteriorly; and （10） venter pale yellow, with asymmetric blackish speckles along outer margin. We present an updated diagnostic key to all members of the genus Opisthotropis, and recommendations on the ecological study for the group are provided.
基金fnancially supported by the National Science Found for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.52025014)the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017VII-0012–0108)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.51901238 and 52101109)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(Nos.202003N4350 and 202003N4025)。
文摘In view of the M_(n+1)AX_(n)(MAX)phase coatings benefting the adaptive passivation flm for good corrosion resistance and high electronic density of states for excellent electrical conductivity,here,we reported the Cr_(2)Al C MAX phase coatings with different preferred orientations by a homemade technique consisting of vacuum arc and magnetron sputtering.The dependence of surface and interface microstructural evolution upon the corrosion and electrochemical properties of deposited coating was focused.Results showed that all the Cr_(2)Al C coatings with different phase orientations greatly improved the performance of stainless steel(SS)316 L substrate.Specifcally,the lowest value of interface contact resistance(ICR)reached to 3.16 mΩcm^(2)and the lowest corrosion current density was 2×10^(-2)μA cm^(-2),which were much better than those of bare SS316L.The combined studies of electrochemical properties and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the Cr_(2)Al C coatings with preferred(103)orientation were easier to form oxide passivation flm on their surface to increase the corrosion resistance.
