Optical imaging in the second near-infrared(NIR-II;900-1880 nm)window is currently a popular research topic in the field of biomedical imaging.This study aimed to explore the application value of NIR-II fluorescence i...Optical imaging in the second near-infrared(NIR-II;900-1880 nm)window is currently a popular research topic in the field of biomedical imaging.This study aimed to explore the application value of NIR-II fluorescence imaging in foot and ankle surgeries.A lab-established NIR-II fluorescence surgical navigation system was developed and used to navigate foot and ankle surgeries which enabled obtaining more high-spatial-frequency information and a higher signal-to-background ratio(SBR)in NIR-II fluorescence images compared to NIR-I fluorescence images;our result demonstrates that NIR-II imaging could provide higher-contrast and larger-depth images to surgeons.Three types of clinical application scenarios(diabetic foot,calcaneal fracture,and lower extremity trauma)were included in this study.Using the NIR-II fluorescence imaging technique,we observed the ischemic region in the diabetic foot before morphological alterations,accurately determined the boundary of the ischemic region in the surgical incision,and fully assessed the blood supply condition of the flap.NIR-II fluorescence imaging can help surgeons precisely judge surgical margins,detect ischemic lesions early,and dynamically trace the perfusion process.We believe that portable and reliable NIR-II fluorescence imaging equipment and additional functional fluorescent probes can play crucial roles in precision surgery.展开更多
Thanks to the excellent optoelectronic properties,lead halide perovskites(LHPs)have been widely employed in highperformance optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and lightemitting diodes.However,overcoming their ...Thanks to the excellent optoelectronic properties,lead halide perovskites(LHPs)have been widely employed in highperformance optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and lightemitting diodes.However,overcoming their poor stability against water has been one of the biggest challenges for most applications.Herein,we report a novel hot-injection method in a Pb-poor environment combined with a well-designed purification process to synthesize water-dispersible CsPbBr_(3) nanocrystals(NCs).The as-prepared NCs sustain their superior photoluminescence(91%quantum yield in water)for more than 200 days in an aqueous environment,which is attributed to a passivation effect induced by excess CsBr salts.Thanks to the ultra-stability of these LHP NCs,for the first time,we report a new application of LHP NCs,in which they are applied to electrocatalysis of CO_(2) reduction reaction.Noticeably,they show significant electrocatalytic activity(faradaic yield:32%for CH4,40%for CO)and operation stability(>350 h).展开更多
Optically responsive composite materials hold significant promise for in vivo diagnostics and targeted therapies.Rare-earthdoped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs),renowned for their unique luminescence properties,larg...Optically responsive composite materials hold significant promise for in vivo diagnostics and targeted therapies.Rare-earthdoped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs),renowned for their unique luminescence properties,large anti-Stokes shift,excellent biocompatibility,and deep tissue penetration,have emerged as highly promising candidates for advanced phototherapy in biological systems.This review first explores the fundamental mechanisms of upconversion luminescence,as well as synthesis,surface modification,and design strategies to brighten upconversion.It then highlights recent advances and key applications of UCNPs in biological therapy,including upconversion-mediated phototherapy,multimodal therapeutic approaches,and image-guided therapy and surgery.Finally,it discusses the current challenges and opportunities in both fundamental research and clinical translation,providing theoretical insights and practical guidance to support the broader application of UCNPs in biological therapy and clinical medicine.展开更多
Here,we describe a combination strategy of black phosphorus(BP)-based photothermal therapy together with anti-CD47 antibody(aCD47)-based immunotherapy to synergistically enhance cancer treatment.Tumour resistance to i...Here,we describe a combination strategy of black phosphorus(BP)-based photothermal therapy together with anti-CD47 antibody(aCD47)-based immunotherapy to synergistically enhance cancer treatment.Tumour resistance to immune checkpoint blockades in most cancers due to immune escape from host surveillance,along with the initiation of metastasis through immunosuppressive cells in the tumour microenvironment,remains a significant challenge for cancer immunotherapy.aCD47,an agent for CD47/SIRPαaxis blockade,induces modest phagocytic activity and a low response rate for monotherapy,resulting in failures in clinical trials.We showed that BP-mediated ablation of tumours through photothermal effects could serve as an effective strategy for specific immunological stimulation,improving the inherently poor immunogenicity of tumours,which is particularly useful for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.BP in combination with aCD47 blockade activates both innate and adaptive immunities and promotes local and systemic anticancer immune responses,thus offering a synergistically enhanced effect in suppression of tumour progression and in inducing abscopal effects for inhibition of metastatic cancers.Our combination strategy provides a promising platform in which photothermal agents could help to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.展开更多
Bright anti-Stokes fluorescence(ASF)in the first near-infrared spectral region(NIR-I,800 nm–900 nm)under the excitation of a 915 nm continuous wave(CW)laser,is observed in Indocyanine Green(ICG),a dye approved by the...Bright anti-Stokes fluorescence(ASF)in the first near-infrared spectral region(NIR-I,800 nm–900 nm)under the excitation of a 915 nm continuous wave(CW)laser,is observed in Indocyanine Green(ICG),a dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use.The dependence of fluorescence intensity on excitation light power and temperature,together with fluorescence lifetime measurement,establish this ASF to be originated from absorption from a thermally excited vibrational level(hot-band absorption),as shown in our experiments,which is stronger than the upconversion fluorescence from widely-used rare-earth ion doped nanoparticles.To test the utility of this ASF NIR-I probe for advanced bioimaging,we successively apply it for biothermal sensing,cerebral blood vessel tomography and blood stream velocimetry.Moreover,in combination with L1057 nanoparticles,which absorb the ASF of ICG and emit beyond 1100 nm,these two probes generate multi-mode images in two fluorescent channels under the excitation of a single 915 nm CW laser.One channel is used to monitor two overlapping organs,urinary system&blood vessel of a live mouse,while the other shows urinary system only.Using in intraoperative real-time monitoring,such multi-mode imaging method can be beneficial for visual guiding in anatomy of the urinary system to avoid any accidental injury to the surrounding blood vessels during surgery.展开更多
Optical imaging is a most useful and widespread technique for the investigation of the structure and function of the cellular genomes.However,an analysis of immensely convoluted and irregularly compacted DNA polymer i...Optical imaging is a most useful and widespread technique for the investigation of the structure and function of the cellular genomes.However,an analysis of immensely convoluted and irregularly compacted DNA polymer is highly challenging even by modern super-resolution microscopy approaches.Here we propose fluorescence lifetime imaging(FLIM)for the advancement of studies of genomic structure including DNA compaction,replication as well as monitoring of gene expression.The proposed FLIM assay employs two independent mechanisms for DNA compaction sensing.One mechanism relies on the inverse quadratic relation between the fluorescence lifetimes of fluorescence probes incorporated into DNA and their local refractive index,variable due to DNA compaction density.Another mechanism is based on the Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process between the donor and the acceptor fluorophores,both incorporated into DNA.Both these proposed mechanisms were validated in cultured cells.The obtained data unravel a significant difference in compaction of the gene-rich and gene-poor pools of genomic DNA.We show that the gene-rich DNA is loosely compacted compared to the dense DNA domains devoid of active genes.展开更多
Among 2D materials(Xenes)which are at the forefront of research activities,borophene,is an exciting new entry due to its uniquely varied optical,electronic,and chemical properties in many polymorphic forms with widely...Among 2D materials(Xenes)which are at the forefront of research activities,borophene,is an exciting new entry due to its uniquely varied optical,electronic,and chemical properties in many polymorphic forms with widely varying band gaps including the lightest 2D metallic phase.In this paper,we used a simple selective chemical etching to prepare borophene with a strong near IR light-induced photothermal effect.The photothermal efficiency is similar to plasmonic Au nanoparticles,with the added benefit of borophene being degradable due to electron deficiency of boron.We introduce this selective chemical etching process to obtain ultrathin and large borophene nanosheets(thickness of ~4 nm and lateral size up to ~600 nm)from the precursor of AlB_(2).We also report first-time observation of a selective Acid etching behavior showing HCl etching of Al to form a residual B lattice,while HF selectively etches B to yield an Al lattice.We demonstrate that through surface modification with polydopamine(PDA),a biocompatible smart delivery nanoplatform of B@PDA can respond to a tumor environment,exhibiting an enhanced cellular uptake efficiency.We demonstrate that borophene can be more suitable for safe photothermal theranostic of thick tumor using deep penetrating near IR light compared to gold nanoparticles which are not degradable,thus posing longterm toxicity concerns.With about 40 kinds of borides,we hope that our work will open door to more discoveries of this top-down selective etching approach for generating borophene structures with rich unexplored thermal,electronic,and optical properties for many other technological applications.展开更多
Neutron-transmutation doping(NTD)has been demonstrated for the first time in this work for substitutional introduction of tin(Sn)shallow donors into two-dimensional(2D)layered indium selenide(InSe)to manipulate electr...Neutron-transmutation doping(NTD)has been demonstrated for the first time in this work for substitutional introduction of tin(Sn)shallow donors into two-dimensional(2D)layered indium selenide(InSe)to manipulate electron transfer and charge carrier dynamics.Multidisciplinary study including density functional theory,transient optical absorption,and FET devices have been carried out to reveal that the field effect electron mobility of the fabricated phototransistor is increased 100-fold due to the smaller electron effective mass and longer electron life time in the Sn-doped InSe.The responsivity of the Sn-doped InSe based phototransistor is accordingly enhanced by about 50 times,being as high as 397 A/W.The results show that NTD is a highly effective and controllable doping method,possessing good compatibility with the semiconductor manufacturing process,even after device fabrication,and can be carried out without introducing any contamination,which is radically different from traditional doping methods.展开更多
Scintillators are of significance for the realization of indirect X-ray detection and X-ray excited optical luminescence(XEOL)imaging.However,commercial bulk scintillators not only require complex fabrication procedur...Scintillators are of significance for the realization of indirect X-ray detection and X-ray excited optical luminescence(XEOL)imaging.However,commercial bulk scintillators not only require complex fabrication procedures,but also exhibit non-tunable XEOL wavelength and poor device processability.Moreover,thick crystals usually generate light scattering followed by evident signal crosstalk in a photodiode array.Lanthanide doped fluoride nanoscintillators(NSs)prepared with low-temperature wet-chemical method possess several advantages,such as low toxicity,cheap fabrication cost,convenient device processability and adjustable emission wavelengths from ultraviolet to visible and extending to second near infrared window.In addition,they exhibit X-ray excited long persistent luminescence(XEPL)making them suitable for broadening the scope of their applications.This review discusses and summarizes the XEOL and XEPL characteristics of lanthanide doped fluoride NSs.We discuss design strategies and nanostructures that allow manipulation of excitation dynamics in a core-shell geometry to simultaneously produce XEOL,XEPL,as well as photon upconversion and downshifting,enabling emission at multiple wavelengths with a varying time scale profile.The review ends with a discussion of the existing challenges for advancing this field,and presents our subjective insight into areas of further multidisciplinary opportunities.展开更多
Dental caries(cavities)is the most prevalent disease worldwide;however,current detection methods suffer from issues associated with sensitivity,subjective interpretations,and false positive identification of carious l...Dental caries(cavities)is the most prevalent disease worldwide;however,current detection methods suffer from issues associated with sensitivity,subjective interpretations,and false positive identification of carious lesions.Therefore,there is a great need for the development of more sensitive,noninvasive imaging methods.The 30 nm core@shell NaYF4;Yb20%,Er2%@NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs),exhibiting strong upconversion emission from erbium upon excitation at 975 nm,were used in the imaging of locations of demineralized enamel and oral biofilm formation for the detection of dental caries.UCNPs were modified with poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)or poly-D-lysine(PDL),and targeting peptides were conjugated to their surface with affinity for either hydroxyapatite(HA),the material dentin is composed of,or the caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans.A statistical difference in the binding of targeted vs nontargeted UCNPs to HA was observed after 15 min,using both upconversion fluorescence of UCNP(p<0.001)and elemental analysis(p=0.0091).Additionally,using the HA targeted UCNPs,holes drilled in the enamel of bovine teeth with diameters of 1.0 and 0.5 mm were visible by the green emission after a 20 min incubation with no observable nonspecific binding.A statistical difference was also observed in the binding of targeted versus nontargeted UCNPs to S.mutans biofilms.This difference was observed after 15 min,using the fluorescence measurements(p=0.0125),and only 10 min(p<0.001)using elemental analysis via ICP-OES measurements of Y3+concentration present in the biofilms.These results highlight the potential of these UCNPs for use in noninvasive imaging diagnosis of oral disease.展开更多
Mid-infrared pulsed lasers operating around the 3 μm wavelength regime are important for a wide range of applications including sensing, spectroscopy, imaging, etc. Despite the recent advances in technology, the lack...Mid-infrared pulsed lasers operating around the 3 μm wavelength regime are important for a wide range of applications including sensing, spectroscopy, imaging, etc. Despite the recent advances in technology, the lack of a nonlinear optical modulator operating in the mid-infrared regime remains a significant challenge. Here, we report the third-order nonlinear optical response of gold nanorods(GNRs) ranging from 800 nm to the mid-infrared regime(2810 nm) enabled by their size and overlapping behavior-dependent longitudinal surface plasmon resonance. In addition, we demonstrate a wavelength-tunable Er3+-doped fluoride fiber laser modulated by GNRs, which can deliver pulsed laser output, with the pulse duration down to 533 ns, tunable wavelength ranging from 2760.2 to 2810.0 nm, and spectral 3 d B bandwidth of about 1 nm. The experimental results not only validate the GNRs’ robust mid-infrared nonlinear optical response, but also manifest their application potential in high-performance broadband optoelectronic devices.展开更多
We study the uptake and distribution of transferrin （Tf）-conjugated CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots （QDs） in single living HeLa cells with both fluorescence confocal microscopy and three-dimensional （3D） reconstructio...We study the uptake and distribution of transferrin （Tf）-conjugated CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots （QDs） in single living HeLa cells with both fluorescence confocal microscopy and three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction technique. By increasing the co-incubation time or the dosage of QDs-Tf, we find that the uptake of QDs-Tf bioconjugates in the cells increases correspondingly, but with different uptake rates. Additionally, the distribution of QDs-Tf, in single live HeLa cells is time dependent. To our knowledge, this is the first study on quantitatively analyzing the uptake and distribution of bioconjugated QDs in single living cells. Such QDs nanoplatform can be further modified for developing biomedical evaluation tool in cancer diagnosis and targeted drug delivery.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(K20220220)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1005003,2018YFE0190200,and 2022YFB3206000)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20487,82001874,61975172,and 82102105)the Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Cognitive Healthcare(2017E10011)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22H160017)the Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Plan Project(2022C03134)the Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Plan Project(2022ZD0160703).
文摘Optical imaging in the second near-infrared(NIR-II;900-1880 nm)window is currently a popular research topic in the field of biomedical imaging.This study aimed to explore the application value of NIR-II fluorescence imaging in foot and ankle surgeries.A lab-established NIR-II fluorescence surgical navigation system was developed and used to navigate foot and ankle surgeries which enabled obtaining more high-spatial-frequency information and a higher signal-to-background ratio(SBR)in NIR-II fluorescence images compared to NIR-I fluorescence images;our result demonstrates that NIR-II imaging could provide higher-contrast and larger-depth images to surgeons.Three types of clinical application scenarios(diabetic foot,calcaneal fracture,and lower extremity trauma)were included in this study.Using the NIR-II fluorescence imaging technique,we observed the ischemic region in the diabetic foot before morphological alterations,accurately determined the boundary of the ischemic region in the surgical incision,and fully assessed the blood supply condition of the flap.NIR-II fluorescence imaging can help surgeons precisely judge surgical margins,detect ischemic lesions early,and dynamically trace the perfusion process.We believe that portable and reliable NIR-II fluorescence imaging equipment and additional functional fluorescent probes can play crucial roles in precision surgery.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11674258,51602305,51702219,61975134,11904250)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020B1515020051)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(JCYJ20180305125345378)Shenzhen Nanshan District Pilotage Team Program(LHTD20170006)Partial support from The Institute For Lasers,Photonics and Biophotonics at The University at Buffalo is also acknowledged.T.Z.and I.Z.were supported by the U.S.DOE,Office of Science BES,Award No.DE-SC0004890.
文摘Thanks to the excellent optoelectronic properties,lead halide perovskites(LHPs)have been widely employed in highperformance optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and lightemitting diodes.However,overcoming their poor stability against water has been one of the biggest challenges for most applications.Herein,we report a novel hot-injection method in a Pb-poor environment combined with a well-designed purification process to synthesize water-dispersible CsPbBr_(3) nanocrystals(NCs).The as-prepared NCs sustain their superior photoluminescence(91%quantum yield in water)for more than 200 days in an aqueous environment,which is attributed to a passivation effect induced by excess CsBr salts.Thanks to the ultra-stability of these LHP NCs,for the first time,we report a new application of LHP NCs,in which they are applied to electrocatalysis of CO_(2) reduction reaction.Noticeably,they show significant electrocatalytic activity(faradaic yield:32%for CH4,40%for CO)and operation stability(>350 h).
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52272270,51972084)the Key Technology Research and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao(Grant No.25-1-1-gjgg-1-gx)+3 种基金the Outstanding Young Scholars Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant No.JJ2023JQ0025)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Space Power Sources(Grant No.YF07050123F2531)the Young Scientist Workshop(Harbin Institute of Technology)(Grant No.AUGA5710094420)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.AUGA5710052614,HIT.OCEF.2023041).
文摘Optically responsive composite materials hold significant promise for in vivo diagnostics and targeted therapies.Rare-earthdoped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs),renowned for their unique luminescence properties,large anti-Stokes shift,excellent biocompatibility,and deep tissue penetration,have emerged as highly promising candidates for advanced phototherapy in biological systems.This review first explores the fundamental mechanisms of upconversion luminescence,as well as synthesis,surface modification,and design strategies to brighten upconversion.It then highlights recent advances and key applications of UCNPs in biological therapy,including upconversion-mediated phototherapy,multimodal therapeutic approaches,and image-guided therapy and surgery.Finally,it discusses the current challenges and opportunities in both fundamental research and clinical translation,providing theoretical insights and practical guidance to support the broader application of UCNPs in biological therapy and clinical medicine.
基金The State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB2203503)the National Natural Science Fund(Grant Nos.61875138,61435010,81871358,U1801254 and 61961136001)+7 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(KQTD2015032416270385,JCYJ20180307164612205 and GJHZ20180928160209731)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020A151501612)are gratefully acknowledgedsupported by Grants from the Shenzhen Overseas High-Caliber Peacock Foundation(KQTD2015071414385495)to the Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research and Shenzhen ScienceInnovation Commission Project Grants(JCYJ20170411094933148 and JCYJ20170815113109175)to the Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical ResearchThe Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019B1515120043)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020A151501612)the Longhua District Science and Innovation Commission Project Grants(JCYJ201904)are gratefully acknowledgedthe support from the Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University(Xili Campus).
文摘Here,we describe a combination strategy of black phosphorus(BP)-based photothermal therapy together with anti-CD47 antibody(aCD47)-based immunotherapy to synergistically enhance cancer treatment.Tumour resistance to immune checkpoint blockades in most cancers due to immune escape from host surveillance,along with the initiation of metastasis through immunosuppressive cells in the tumour microenvironment,remains a significant challenge for cancer immunotherapy.aCD47,an agent for CD47/SIRPαaxis blockade,induces modest phagocytic activity and a low response rate for monotherapy,resulting in failures in clinical trials.We showed that BP-mediated ablation of tumours through photothermal effects could serve as an effective strategy for specific immunological stimulation,improving the inherently poor immunogenicity of tumours,which is particularly useful for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.BP in combination with aCD47 blockade activates both innate and adaptive immunities and promotes local and systemic anticancer immune responses,thus offering a synergistically enhanced effect in suppression of tumour progression and in inducing abscopal effects for inhibition of metastatic cancers.Our combination strategy provides a promising platform in which photothermal agents could help to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61975172,82001874,and 61735016)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020-KYY-511108-0007)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR17F050001).
文摘Bright anti-Stokes fluorescence(ASF)in the first near-infrared spectral region(NIR-I,800 nm–900 nm)under the excitation of a 915 nm continuous wave(CW)laser,is observed in Indocyanine Green(ICG),a dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use.The dependence of fluorescence intensity on excitation light power and temperature,together with fluorescence lifetime measurement,establish this ASF to be originated from absorption from a thermally excited vibrational level(hot-band absorption),as shown in our experiments,which is stronger than the upconversion fluorescence from widely-used rare-earth ion doped nanoparticles.To test the utility of this ASF NIR-I probe for advanced bioimaging,we successively apply it for biothermal sensing,cerebral blood vessel tomography and blood stream velocimetry.Moreover,in combination with L1057 nanoparticles,which absorb the ASF of ICG and emit beyond 1100 nm,these two probes generate multi-mode images in two fluorescent channels under the excitation of a single 915 nm CW laser.One channel is used to monitor two overlapping organs,urinary system&blood vessel of a live mouse,while the other shows urinary system only.Using in intraoperative real-time monitoring,such multi-mode imaging method can be beneficial for visual guiding in anatomy of the urinary system to avoid any accidental injury to the surrounding blood vessels during surgery.
基金This work has been partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61620106016/61835009/31771584)Shenzhen International Cooperation Project(GJHZ20180928161811821/GJHZ20190822095420249).
文摘Optical imaging is a most useful and widespread technique for the investigation of the structure and function of the cellular genomes.However,an analysis of immensely convoluted and irregularly compacted DNA polymer is highly challenging even by modern super-resolution microscopy approaches.Here we propose fluorescence lifetime imaging(FLIM)for the advancement of studies of genomic structure including DNA compaction,replication as well as monitoring of gene expression.The proposed FLIM assay employs two independent mechanisms for DNA compaction sensing.One mechanism relies on the inverse quadratic relation between the fluorescence lifetimes of fluorescence probes incorporated into DNA and their local refractive index,variable due to DNA compaction density.Another mechanism is based on the Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process between the donor and the acceptor fluorophores,both incorporated into DNA.Both these proposed mechanisms were validated in cultured cells.The obtained data unravel a significant difference in compaction of the gene-rich and gene-poor pools of genomic DNA.We show that the gene-rich DNA is loosely compacted compared to the dense DNA domains devoid of active genes.
基金supported by Guangdong Scientific and Technological Project(2019B1515120043,2020A151501612,2021A1515220109,and 2022B1515020093)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(KCXFZ20201221173413038)+1 种基金the Longhua District Science and Innovation Commission Project Grants of Shenzhen(JCYJ201904)the support from Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University(Xili Campus).
文摘Among 2D materials(Xenes)which are at the forefront of research activities,borophene,is an exciting new entry due to its uniquely varied optical,electronic,and chemical properties in many polymorphic forms with widely varying band gaps including the lightest 2D metallic phase.In this paper,we used a simple selective chemical etching to prepare borophene with a strong near IR light-induced photothermal effect.The photothermal efficiency is similar to plasmonic Au nanoparticles,with the added benefit of borophene being degradable due to electron deficiency of boron.We introduce this selective chemical etching process to obtain ultrathin and large borophene nanosheets(thickness of ~4 nm and lateral size up to ~600 nm)from the precursor of AlB_(2).We also report first-time observation of a selective Acid etching behavior showing HCl etching of Al to form a residual B lattice,while HF selectively etches B to yield an Al lattice.We demonstrate that through surface modification with polydopamine(PDA),a biocompatible smart delivery nanoplatform of B@PDA can respond to a tumor environment,exhibiting an enhanced cellular uptake efficiency.We demonstrate that borophene can be more suitable for safe photothermal theranostic of thick tumor using deep penetrating near IR light compared to gold nanoparticles which are not degradable,thus posing longterm toxicity concerns.With about 40 kinds of borides,we hope that our work will open door to more discoveries of this top-down selective etching approach for generating borophene structures with rich unexplored thermal,electronic,and optical properties for many other technological applications.
基金State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB2203503)National Natural Science Fund(Grant Nos.61875138,61961136001,62104153,62105211 and U1801254)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018B030306038 and 2020A1515110373)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(JCYJ20180507182047316 and 20200805132016001)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2021M702237)。
文摘Neutron-transmutation doping(NTD)has been demonstrated for the first time in this work for substitutional introduction of tin(Sn)shallow donors into two-dimensional(2D)layered indium selenide(InSe)to manipulate electron transfer and charge carrier dynamics.Multidisciplinary study including density functional theory,transient optical absorption,and FET devices have been carried out to reveal that the field effect electron mobility of the fabricated phototransistor is increased 100-fold due to the smaller electron effective mass and longer electron life time in the Sn-doped InSe.The responsivity of the Sn-doped InSe based phototransistor is accordingly enhanced by about 50 times,being as high as 397 A/W.The results show that NTD is a highly effective and controllable doping method,possessing good compatibility with the semiconductor manufacturing process,even after device fabrication,and can be carried out without introducing any contamination,which is radically different from traditional doping methods.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ21A040002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172164).
文摘Scintillators are of significance for the realization of indirect X-ray detection and X-ray excited optical luminescence(XEOL)imaging.However,commercial bulk scintillators not only require complex fabrication procedures,but also exhibit non-tunable XEOL wavelength and poor device processability.Moreover,thick crystals usually generate light scattering followed by evident signal crosstalk in a photodiode array.Lanthanide doped fluoride nanoscintillators(NSs)prepared with low-temperature wet-chemical method possess several advantages,such as low toxicity,cheap fabrication cost,convenient device processability and adjustable emission wavelengths from ultraviolet to visible and extending to second near infrared window.In addition,they exhibit X-ray excited long persistent luminescence(XEPL)making them suitable for broadening the scope of their applications.This review discusses and summarizes the XEOL and XEPL characteristics of lanthanide doped fluoride NSs.We discuss design strategies and nanostructures that allow manipulation of excitation dynamics in a core-shell geometry to simultaneously produce XEOL,XEPL,as well as photon upconversion and downshifting,enabling emission at multiple wavelengths with a varying time scale profile.The review ends with a discussion of the existing challenges for advancing this field,and presents our subjective insight into areas of further multidisciplinary opportunities.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health through SBIR grant 1R43DE028220-01(NIDCR)Advanced Cytometry Instrumentation System,LLC(J.C.B.,C.P.,H.L.K.).
文摘Dental caries(cavities)is the most prevalent disease worldwide;however,current detection methods suffer from issues associated with sensitivity,subjective interpretations,and false positive identification of carious lesions.Therefore,there is a great need for the development of more sensitive,noninvasive imaging methods.The 30 nm core@shell NaYF4;Yb20%,Er2%@NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs),exhibiting strong upconversion emission from erbium upon excitation at 975 nm,were used in the imaging of locations of demineralized enamel and oral biofilm formation for the detection of dental caries.UCNPs were modified with poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)or poly-D-lysine(PDL),and targeting peptides were conjugated to their surface with affinity for either hydroxyapatite(HA),the material dentin is composed of,or the caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans.A statistical difference in the binding of targeted vs nontargeted UCNPs to HA was observed after 15 min,using both upconversion fluorescence of UCNP(p<0.001)and elemental analysis(p=0.0091).Additionally,using the HA targeted UCNPs,holes drilled in the enamel of bovine teeth with diameters of 1.0 and 0.5 mm were visible by the green emission after a 20 min incubation with no observable nonspecific binding.A statistical difference was also observed in the binding of targeted versus nontargeted UCNPs to S.mutans biofilms.This difference was observed after 15 min,using the fluorescence measurements(p=0.0125),and only 10 min(p<0.001)using elemental analysis via ICP-OES measurements of Y3+concentration present in the biofilms.These results highlight the potential of these UCNPs for use in noninvasive imaging diagnosis of oral disease.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11474132,11574079,61378004,61527823,61605166,61605219,61775056)Science and Technology Project of Jilin Province(20160520085JH)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2017JJ1013)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Mid-infrared pulsed lasers operating around the 3 μm wavelength regime are important for a wide range of applications including sensing, spectroscopy, imaging, etc. Despite the recent advances in technology, the lack of a nonlinear optical modulator operating in the mid-infrared regime remains a significant challenge. Here, we report the third-order nonlinear optical response of gold nanorods(GNRs) ranging from 800 nm to the mid-infrared regime(2810 nm) enabled by their size and overlapping behavior-dependent longitudinal surface plasmon resonance. In addition, we demonstrate a wavelength-tunable Er3+-doped fluoride fiber laser modulated by GNRs, which can deliver pulsed laser output, with the pulse duration down to 533 ns, tunable wavelength ranging from 2760.2 to 2810.0 nm, and spectral 3 d B bandwidth of about 1 nm. The experimental results not only validate the GNRs’ robust mid-infrared nonlinear optical response, but also manifest their application potential in high-performance broadband optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30900335, 60878053, and60627003)the Guangdong Province Science Foundation(No. 2008078)the Natural Science Foundation of Shen-zhen University, and the Start-Up Grant from Nanyang Technological University
文摘We study the uptake and distribution of transferrin （Tf）-conjugated CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots （QDs） in single living HeLa cells with both fluorescence confocal microscopy and three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction technique. By increasing the co-incubation time or the dosage of QDs-Tf, we find that the uptake of QDs-Tf bioconjugates in the cells increases correspondingly, but with different uptake rates. Additionally, the distribution of QDs-Tf, in single live HeLa cells is time dependent. To our knowledge, this is the first study on quantitatively analyzing the uptake and distribution of bioconjugated QDs in single living cells. Such QDs nanoplatform can be further modified for developing biomedical evaluation tool in cancer diagnosis and targeted drug delivery.
