South China is endowed with copious wolframite-quartz vein-type W deposits that provide a significant contribution to the world‘s tungsten production.Mineralization is spatially associated with highly evolved granite...South China is endowed with copious wolframite-quartz vein-type W deposits that provide a significant contribution to the world‘s tungsten production.Mineralization is spatially associated with highly evolved granites,which have been interpreted as products of ancient crustal anatexis.Ore veins are mainly hosted in low-grade metamorphosed quartz sandstone,slate and granitic rocks.The ore minerals mainly comprise wolframite,cassiterite,scheelite and pyrite,with minor molybdenite,arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite.Typical steeply dipping veins can be divided into five zones from top to the bottom,namely:(Ⅰ)thread,(Ⅱ)veinlet,(Ⅲ)moderate vein,(Ⅳ)thick vein,and(Ⅴ)thin out zones.In general,three types of fluid inclusions at room temperature are commonly recognized in wolframite and/or quartz from these veins:two-phase liquid-rich(type L),two-phase CO2-bearing(type CB),and CO2-rich(type C).Comparative microthermometry performed on fluid inclusions hosted in wolframite and associated quartz indicates that most wolframite was not coprecipitated with the coexisting quartz.Detailed petrographic observation and cathodoluminescence(CL)imaging on coexisting wolframite and quartz of the Yaogangxian deposit,show repeated precipitation of quartz,wolframite,and muscovite,suggesting a more complex fluid process forming these veins.Previous studies of H-O isotopes and fluid inclusions suggested that the main ore-forming fluids forming the wolframite-quartz vein-type deposits had a magmatic source,whereas an unresolved debate is centered on whether mantle material supplemented the ore-forming fluids.The variable CO2 contents in the ore-forming fluids also implies that CO2 might have had a positive effect on ore formation.Fluid inclusion studies indicate that wolframite was most likely deposited during cooling from an initial H2 O+Na Cl±CO2 magmatic fluid.In addition,fluid-phase separation and/or mixing with sedimentary fluid might also have played an important role in promoting wolframite deposition.We speculate that these processes determine the precipitation of W to varying degrees whereas the leading mechanistic cause remains an open question.Comprehensive studies on spatial variation of fluid inclusions show that both the steeply and gently dipping veins are consistent with the"five floors"model that may have broader applications to exploration of wolframite-quartz vein-type deposits.Recent quantitative analysis of wolframite-and quartz-hosted fluid inclusions by laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry shows enhanced advantages in revealing fluid evolution,tracing the fluid source and dissecting the ore precipitation process.Further studies on wolframite-quartz vein-type W deposits to bring a deeper understanding on ore-forming fluids and the metallogenic mechanism involved.展开更多
目的对比两种微创食管切除术(minimally invasive esophagectomy,MIE)治疗T3期中下段食管癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析食管癌数据库中2010年1月-2017年6月在国内十家医院接受MIE治疗且术后病理证实为T3期的食管癌患者资料。比较接受微创Ivo...目的对比两种微创食管切除术(minimally invasive esophagectomy,MIE)治疗T3期中下段食管癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析食管癌数据库中2010年1月-2017年6月在国内十家医院接受MIE治疗且术后病理证实为T3期的食管癌患者资料。比较接受微创Ivor-Lewis术式(MIE-IL)与McKeown术式(MIE-MK)患者的围术期指标、术后并发症、病理指标及术后生存率。结果接受MIE-IL和MIE-MK的患者分别为338例和622例,两组患者中均以男性居多(87.0% vs 77.5%,P<0.001)。肿瘤位置主要位于胸中段(78.7% vs 84.4%,P=0.021),病理类型以鳞癌为主(97.3% vs 98.2%,P=0.659)。MIE-IL和MIE-MK组手术时间[(341.2±97.2) min vs (317.8±93.0) min,P<0.001]、术中出血量[(489.9±511.24) ml vs (364.3±428.9) ml,P<0.001]、淋巴结清扫数量[(14.9±9.23) vs (22.3±11.9),P<0.001]差异有统计学意义。两组术后住院时间[(18.5±11.6) d vs(18.8±12.8) d]差异无统计学意义,术后并发症MIE-IL组明显少于MIE-MK组,尤其在肺部炎症(9.5% vs 20.9%,P<0.001)、胸腔积液(12.7% vs 18.8%,P=0.016)方面,但是在吻合口漏(3.8% vs 6.1%)及吻合口狭窄(0.3% vs 0.3%)方面差异无统计学意义。MIE-IL组总体生存率要低于MIE-MK组(38.6% vs 61.4%;HR:1.49,95% CI:1.19 ~ 1.87;P<0.001)。结论本研究初步显示,两种术式治疗T3期食管癌均安全可行,MIE-IL组术后并发症发生率低于MIE-MK组,但MIE-MK组有更好的远期效果。展开更多
This work aims to quantify sulfate ion concentrations in the system Na_2SO_4-H_2O using Raman micro-spectroscopy.Raman spectra of sodium sulfate solutions with known concentrations were collected at ambient temperatur...This work aims to quantify sulfate ion concentrations in the system Na_2SO_4-H_2O using Raman micro-spectroscopy.Raman spectra of sodium sulfate solutions with known concentrations were collected at ambient temperature(293 K)and in the 500 cm^(_1)-4000 cm^(-1)spectral region.The results indicate that the intensity of the SO_4^(2-)band increases with increasing concentrations of sulfate ion.A linear correlation was found between the concentration of SO_4^(2-)(c)and parameter I_1,which represents the ratio of the area of the SO_4^(2-)band to that of the O-H stretching band of water(A_s/A_w):I_1=-0.00102+0.01538 c.Furthermore,we deconvoluted the O-H stretching band of water(2800 cm^(-1)-3800 cm^(-1))at 3232 and 3430 cm^(-1)into two sub-Gaussian bands,and then defined Raman intensity of the two sub-bands as A_(Bi)(3232 cm^(-1))and A_(B2)(3430 cm^(-1)),defined the full width of half maximum(FWHM)of the two sub-bands as W_(B1)(3232 cm^(-1))and W_(B2)(3430 cm^(-1)).A linear correlation between the concentration of SO_4^(2-)(c)and parameter I_2,which represents the ratio of Raman intensity of SO_4^(2-)(A_s)(in 981 cm^(-1))to(A_(B1)+A_(B2)),was also established:I_2=-0.0111+0.3653 c.However,no correlations were found between concentration of SO_4^(2-)(c)and FWHM ratios,which includes the ratio of FWHM of SO_4^(2-)(W_s)to W_(B1)W_(B2)and W_(B1+B2)(the sum of W_(B1)and W_(B2)),suggesting that FWHM is not suitable for quantitative studies of sulfate solutions with Raman spectroscopy.A comparison of Raman spectroscopic studies of mixed Na_2SO_4 and NaCI solutions with a constant SO_4^(2-)concentration and variable CI^-concentrations suggest that the I/parameter is affected by CI^-,whereas the I_2 parameter was not.Therefore,even if the solution is not purely Na_2SO_4-H_2O,SO_4^(2-)concentrations can still be calculated from the Raman spectra if the H_2O band is deconvoluted into two sub-bands,making this method potentially applicable to analysis of natural fluid inclusions.展开更多
基金financially supported by a Key Project of the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41830426)a National Key R&D Program of China Grant(No.2016YFC0600205)。
文摘South China is endowed with copious wolframite-quartz vein-type W deposits that provide a significant contribution to the world‘s tungsten production.Mineralization is spatially associated with highly evolved granites,which have been interpreted as products of ancient crustal anatexis.Ore veins are mainly hosted in low-grade metamorphosed quartz sandstone,slate and granitic rocks.The ore minerals mainly comprise wolframite,cassiterite,scheelite and pyrite,with minor molybdenite,arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite.Typical steeply dipping veins can be divided into five zones from top to the bottom,namely:(Ⅰ)thread,(Ⅱ)veinlet,(Ⅲ)moderate vein,(Ⅳ)thick vein,and(Ⅴ)thin out zones.In general,three types of fluid inclusions at room temperature are commonly recognized in wolframite and/or quartz from these veins:two-phase liquid-rich(type L),two-phase CO2-bearing(type CB),and CO2-rich(type C).Comparative microthermometry performed on fluid inclusions hosted in wolframite and associated quartz indicates that most wolframite was not coprecipitated with the coexisting quartz.Detailed petrographic observation and cathodoluminescence(CL)imaging on coexisting wolframite and quartz of the Yaogangxian deposit,show repeated precipitation of quartz,wolframite,and muscovite,suggesting a more complex fluid process forming these veins.Previous studies of H-O isotopes and fluid inclusions suggested that the main ore-forming fluids forming the wolframite-quartz vein-type deposits had a magmatic source,whereas an unresolved debate is centered on whether mantle material supplemented the ore-forming fluids.The variable CO2 contents in the ore-forming fluids also implies that CO2 might have had a positive effect on ore formation.Fluid inclusion studies indicate that wolframite was most likely deposited during cooling from an initial H2 O+Na Cl±CO2 magmatic fluid.In addition,fluid-phase separation and/or mixing with sedimentary fluid might also have played an important role in promoting wolframite deposition.We speculate that these processes determine the precipitation of W to varying degrees whereas the leading mechanistic cause remains an open question.Comprehensive studies on spatial variation of fluid inclusions show that both the steeply and gently dipping veins are consistent with the"five floors"model that may have broader applications to exploration of wolframite-quartz vein-type deposits.Recent quantitative analysis of wolframite-and quartz-hosted fluid inclusions by laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry shows enhanced advantages in revealing fluid evolution,tracing the fluid source and dissecting the ore precipitation process.Further studies on wolframite-quartz vein-type W deposits to bring a deeper understanding on ore-forming fluids and the metallogenic mechanism involved.
文摘目的对比两种微创食管切除术(minimally invasive esophagectomy,MIE)治疗T3期中下段食管癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析食管癌数据库中2010年1月-2017年6月在国内十家医院接受MIE治疗且术后病理证实为T3期的食管癌患者资料。比较接受微创Ivor-Lewis术式(MIE-IL)与McKeown术式(MIE-MK)患者的围术期指标、术后并发症、病理指标及术后生存率。结果接受MIE-IL和MIE-MK的患者分别为338例和622例,两组患者中均以男性居多(87.0% vs 77.5%,P<0.001)。肿瘤位置主要位于胸中段(78.7% vs 84.4%,P=0.021),病理类型以鳞癌为主(97.3% vs 98.2%,P=0.659)。MIE-IL和MIE-MK组手术时间[(341.2±97.2) min vs (317.8±93.0) min,P<0.001]、术中出血量[(489.9±511.24) ml vs (364.3±428.9) ml,P<0.001]、淋巴结清扫数量[(14.9±9.23) vs (22.3±11.9),P<0.001]差异有统计学意义。两组术后住院时间[(18.5±11.6) d vs(18.8±12.8) d]差异无统计学意义,术后并发症MIE-IL组明显少于MIE-MK组,尤其在肺部炎症(9.5% vs 20.9%,P<0.001)、胸腔积液(12.7% vs 18.8%,P=0.016)方面,但是在吻合口漏(3.8% vs 6.1%)及吻合口狭窄(0.3% vs 0.3%)方面差异无统计学意义。MIE-IL组总体生存率要低于MIE-MK组(38.6% vs 61.4%;HR:1.49,95% CI:1.19 ~ 1.87;P<0.001)。结论本研究初步显示,两种术式治疗T3期食管癌均安全可行,MIE-IL组术后并发症发生率低于MIE-MK组,但MIE-MK组有更好的远期效果。
文摘This work aims to quantify sulfate ion concentrations in the system Na_2SO_4-H_2O using Raman micro-spectroscopy.Raman spectra of sodium sulfate solutions with known concentrations were collected at ambient temperature(293 K)and in the 500 cm^(_1)-4000 cm^(-1)spectral region.The results indicate that the intensity of the SO_4^(2-)band increases with increasing concentrations of sulfate ion.A linear correlation was found between the concentration of SO_4^(2-)(c)and parameter I_1,which represents the ratio of the area of the SO_4^(2-)band to that of the O-H stretching band of water(A_s/A_w):I_1=-0.00102+0.01538 c.Furthermore,we deconvoluted the O-H stretching band of water(2800 cm^(-1)-3800 cm^(-1))at 3232 and 3430 cm^(-1)into two sub-Gaussian bands,and then defined Raman intensity of the two sub-bands as A_(Bi)(3232 cm^(-1))and A_(B2)(3430 cm^(-1)),defined the full width of half maximum(FWHM)of the two sub-bands as W_(B1)(3232 cm^(-1))and W_(B2)(3430 cm^(-1)).A linear correlation between the concentration of SO_4^(2-)(c)and parameter I_2,which represents the ratio of Raman intensity of SO_4^(2-)(A_s)(in 981 cm^(-1))to(A_(B1)+A_(B2)),was also established:I_2=-0.0111+0.3653 c.However,no correlations were found between concentration of SO_4^(2-)(c)and FWHM ratios,which includes the ratio of FWHM of SO_4^(2-)(W_s)to W_(B1)W_(B2)and W_(B1+B2)(the sum of W_(B1)and W_(B2)),suggesting that FWHM is not suitable for quantitative studies of sulfate solutions with Raman spectroscopy.A comparison of Raman spectroscopic studies of mixed Na_2SO_4 and NaCI solutions with a constant SO_4^(2-)concentration and variable CI^-concentrations suggest that the I/parameter is affected by CI^-,whereas the I_2 parameter was not.Therefore,even if the solution is not purely Na_2SO_4-H_2O,SO_4^(2-)concentrations can still be calculated from the Raman spectra if the H_2O band is deconvoluted into two sub-bands,making this method potentially applicable to analysis of natural fluid inclusions.
