A non-autonomous complex Ginzburg-Landau equation （CGLE） for the finite amplitude of convection is derived, and a method is presented here to determine the amplitude of this convection with a weakly nonlinear therma...A non-autonomous complex Ginzburg-Landau equation （CGLE） for the finite amplitude of convection is derived, and a method is presented here to determine the amplitude of this convection with a weakly nonlinear thermal instability for an oscillatory mode under throughflow and gravity modulation. Only infinitesimal disturbances are considered. The disturbances in velocity, temperature, and solutal fields are treated by a perturbation expansion in powers of the amplitude of the applied gravity field. Throughfiow can stabilize or destabilize the system for stress free and isothermal boundary conditions. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are obtained numerically to present the results of heat and mass transfer. It is found that throughfiow and gravity modulation can be used alternately to heat and mass transfer. Further, oscillatory flow, rather than stationary flow, enhances heat and mass transfer.展开更多
The tumor microenvironment(TME)is heterogeneous and contains a multiple cell population with surrounded immune cells,which plays a major role in regulating metastasis.The multifunctional pathways,Hedgehog(Hh),Wnt,Notc...The tumor microenvironment(TME)is heterogeneous and contains a multiple cell population with surrounded immune cells,which plays a major role in regulating metastasis.The multifunctional pathways,Hedgehog(Hh),Wnt,Notch,and NF-kB,cross-regulates metas-tasis in breast cancer.This review presents substantial evidence for cross-regulation of TME components and signaling pathways,which makes breast TME more heterogeneous and com-plex,promoting breast cancer progression and metastasis as a highly aggressive form.We discoursed the importance of stromal and immune cells as well as their crosstalk in bridging the metastasis.We also discussed the role of Hh and Notch pathways in the intervention be-tween breast cancer cells and macrophages to support TME;Notch signaling in the bidirec-tional communication between cancer cells and components of TME;Wnt signal pathway in controlling the factors responsible for EMT and NF-kB pathway in the regulation of genes con-trolling the inflammatory response.We also present the role of exosomes and their miRNAs in the cross-regulation of TME cells as well as pathways in the reprogramming of breast TME to support metastasis.Finally,we examined and discussed the targeted small molecule inhibitors and natural compounds targeting developmental pathways and proposed small molecule nat-ural compounds as potential therapeutics of TME based on the multitargeting ability.In conclu-sion,the understanding of the molecular basis of the cross-regulation of TME pathways and their inhibitors helps identify molecular targets for rational drug discovery to treat breast can-cers.展开更多
文摘A non-autonomous complex Ginzburg-Landau equation （CGLE） for the finite amplitude of convection is derived, and a method is presented here to determine the amplitude of this convection with a weakly nonlinear thermal instability for an oscillatory mode under throughflow and gravity modulation. Only infinitesimal disturbances are considered. The disturbances in velocity, temperature, and solutal fields are treated by a perturbation expansion in powers of the amplitude of the applied gravity field. Throughfiow can stabilize or destabilize the system for stress free and isothermal boundary conditions. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are obtained numerically to present the results of heat and mass transfer. It is found that throughfiow and gravity modulation can be used alternately to heat and mass transfer. Further, oscillatory flow, rather than stationary flow, enhances heat and mass transfer.
基金This work was supported by ICMR,India(No.05/13/4/2014-NCD-III dt.22.12.2017)。
文摘The tumor microenvironment(TME)is heterogeneous and contains a multiple cell population with surrounded immune cells,which plays a major role in regulating metastasis.The multifunctional pathways,Hedgehog(Hh),Wnt,Notch,and NF-kB,cross-regulates metas-tasis in breast cancer.This review presents substantial evidence for cross-regulation of TME components and signaling pathways,which makes breast TME more heterogeneous and com-plex,promoting breast cancer progression and metastasis as a highly aggressive form.We discoursed the importance of stromal and immune cells as well as their crosstalk in bridging the metastasis.We also discussed the role of Hh and Notch pathways in the intervention be-tween breast cancer cells and macrophages to support TME;Notch signaling in the bidirec-tional communication between cancer cells and components of TME;Wnt signal pathway in controlling the factors responsible for EMT and NF-kB pathway in the regulation of genes con-trolling the inflammatory response.We also present the role of exosomes and their miRNAs in the cross-regulation of TME cells as well as pathways in the reprogramming of breast TME to support metastasis.Finally,we examined and discussed the targeted small molecule inhibitors and natural compounds targeting developmental pathways and proposed small molecule nat-ural compounds as potential therapeutics of TME based on the multitargeting ability.In conclu-sion,the understanding of the molecular basis of the cross-regulation of TME pathways and their inhibitors helps identify molecular targets for rational drug discovery to treat breast can-cers.
