Increasing numbers of young women are employed as gasoline station attendants in most developing countries despite the lack of empirical data on the adverse reproductive health effect of this solvent. This study there...Increasing numbers of young women are employed as gasoline station attendants in most developing countries despite the lack of empirical data on the adverse reproductive health effect of this solvent. This study therefore sought to assess the effects of gasoline inhalation on the serum sex hormone profile and menstrual characteristics of female gasoline station attendants in Nigeria, given the global increase in the rate of infertility and the existing evidence on the reproductive toxicity of gasoline constituents. A site-by-site cross-sectional study of 117 female gasoline pump attendants and 118 age-matched controls was carried out between September 2011 and November 2012. The following 3 instruments were used for data collection: a semi-structured questionnaire, a female sex hormone profile assay and exposure status measures. The prevalence of menstrual disorders among the exposed and unexposed women was 37.2% and 28.5% respectively. Exposure to gasoline was significantly associated with disorders in both menstrual cycle length and quantity of flow. Specifically, exposed women had a greater than threefold increased risk of a menstrual disorder, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.25 for abnormal cycle length and OR of 4.16 for abnormal quantity of flow. In addition, longer duration of exposure (>1 year) was significantly associated with higher likelihood of menstrual disorders. There were also persistent low serum levels of estradiol, and fluctuating levels of other reproductive hormones. Gasoline inhalation may interfere with ovarian functions leading to disordered menstrual characteristics and female sex hormone profiles, as well as future reproductive impairment.展开更多
Objective:To assess the diuretic activity of infusions prepared from Cymbopogon citratus(C.citratus)leaves in healthy volunteers.Methods:One hundred and five subjects(55 men and 50 women)aged 18 to 35 years were rando...Objective:To assess the diuretic activity of infusions prepared from Cymbopogon citratus(C.citratus)leaves in healthy volunteers.Methods:One hundred and five subjects(55 men and 50 women)aged 18 to 35 years were randomly assigned to groups set to orally receive infusions prepared from 2,4,or 8 g of C.citratus leaf powder,once daily for 30 d.Urine volume,frequency of urination,urine specific gravity,and plasma and urinary levels of electrolytes were assessed 1 day before(baseline),and at 10 and 30 d after initiation of treatment.Computed diuretic indices were compared between experimental and baseline values.Results:Subjects treated with infusions prepared from C.citratus leaf powder which tested positive for saponins,tannins,flavaniods,phenols,anthraquinones,alkaloids,and deoxy-sugar exhibited a significant increase in indices of diuresis including urine volume,urination frequency,diuretic action,natriuretic and saliuretic indices and renal fractional excretion of electrolytes and metabolic acidosis.A non-significant change in urine specific gravity was observed in all groups.eGFR showed a non-significant increase at Day 10,but decreased significantly(P<0.05)at Day 30.Thiazide and aldosterone secretion indices decreased at Day 10,whereas carbonic anhydrase index increased significantly(P<0.05)at both Days 10 and 30.Conclusions:These results indicate a loop active diuretic action of C.citratus infusion.展开更多
文摘Increasing numbers of young women are employed as gasoline station attendants in most developing countries despite the lack of empirical data on the adverse reproductive health effect of this solvent. This study therefore sought to assess the effects of gasoline inhalation on the serum sex hormone profile and menstrual characteristics of female gasoline station attendants in Nigeria, given the global increase in the rate of infertility and the existing evidence on the reproductive toxicity of gasoline constituents. A site-by-site cross-sectional study of 117 female gasoline pump attendants and 118 age-matched controls was carried out between September 2011 and November 2012. The following 3 instruments were used for data collection: a semi-structured questionnaire, a female sex hormone profile assay and exposure status measures. The prevalence of menstrual disorders among the exposed and unexposed women was 37.2% and 28.5% respectively. Exposure to gasoline was significantly associated with disorders in both menstrual cycle length and quantity of flow. Specifically, exposed women had a greater than threefold increased risk of a menstrual disorder, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.25 for abnormal cycle length and OR of 4.16 for abnormal quantity of flow. In addition, longer duration of exposure (>1 year) was significantly associated with higher likelihood of menstrual disorders. There were also persistent low serum levels of estradiol, and fluctuating levels of other reproductive hormones. Gasoline inhalation may interfere with ovarian functions leading to disordered menstrual characteristics and female sex hormone profiles, as well as future reproductive impairment.
文摘Objective:To assess the diuretic activity of infusions prepared from Cymbopogon citratus(C.citratus)leaves in healthy volunteers.Methods:One hundred and five subjects(55 men and 50 women)aged 18 to 35 years were randomly assigned to groups set to orally receive infusions prepared from 2,4,or 8 g of C.citratus leaf powder,once daily for 30 d.Urine volume,frequency of urination,urine specific gravity,and plasma and urinary levels of electrolytes were assessed 1 day before(baseline),and at 10 and 30 d after initiation of treatment.Computed diuretic indices were compared between experimental and baseline values.Results:Subjects treated with infusions prepared from C.citratus leaf powder which tested positive for saponins,tannins,flavaniods,phenols,anthraquinones,alkaloids,and deoxy-sugar exhibited a significant increase in indices of diuresis including urine volume,urination frequency,diuretic action,natriuretic and saliuretic indices and renal fractional excretion of electrolytes and metabolic acidosis.A non-significant change in urine specific gravity was observed in all groups.eGFR showed a non-significant increase at Day 10,but decreased significantly(P<0.05)at Day 30.Thiazide and aldosterone secretion indices decreased at Day 10,whereas carbonic anhydrase index increased significantly(P<0.05)at both Days 10 and 30.Conclusions:These results indicate a loop active diuretic action of C.citratus infusion.
