Background:Retention forestry is a management strategy aiming to mitigate biodiversity loss by retaining structural elements such as dead trees that would otherwise be removed.Here we analyze the biomass,diversity and...Background:Retention forestry is a management strategy aiming to mitigate biodiversity loss by retaining structural elements such as dead trees that would otherwise be removed.Here we analyze the biomass,diversity and abundance among forest beetles collected using window traps on 1281-ha forest sites reflecting gradients in the amount of structural elements in southwestern Germany.Results:We found that beetle biomass increased with mean diameter at breast height(a measure of tree size),and decreased with stand structural complexity.Biomass of individual feeding guilds responded differently to forest structural elements,namely lying deadwood,understory complexity,tree basal area and stand structural complexity.Beetle family diversity increased with the effective number of layers,i.e.1-m forest strata occupied by vegetation assessed via terrestrial laser scanning.Abundance of feeding guilds responded to only elevation and share of deciduous trees.Community composition in terms of biomass was structured by forest elements similar to biomass of individual feeding guilds,with the addition of lying deadwood.This differed from community composition in terms of abundance of feeding guilds,which was structured by primarily standing deadwood volume and share of deciduous trees.Conclusions:Our results show that biomass,diversity and abundance respond differently to forest structural elements.This suggests that the concurrent prioritization of multiple forest elements is needed to promote forest beetles,with more focus placed on the differing resource needs among feeding guilds.In addition,retention strategies should also consider the varying responses of beetle biodiversity metrics when assessing the importance of forest structural elements.展开更多
Background It is necessary to determine the implications for managing forest stands using variable retention harvesting for maintaining carbon and for calculating the effects of different harvesting practices on above...Background It is necessary to determine the implications for managing forest stands using variable retention harvesting for maintaining carbon and for calculating the effects of different harvesting practices on above-and below-ground carbon balance in forest ecosystems.In this context,forest carbon management has gained more attention among managers and policy-makers during recent years.The aim of this study was to determine carbon pool dynamics in different forest ecosystem components after variable retention harvesting(VRH)to characterize the ecological stability and quantify the recovery rate through the years-after-harvesting(YAH).Methods Carbon pool compartmentalization of 14 different components was determined in 60 harvested and primary unmanaged forests during the first 18 YAH in Tierra del Fuego(Argentina).We compared them using uni-and multi-variate methods,relativizing the outputs with primary unmanaged forests.Results We determined the effectiveness to retain carbon components in post-harvested stands under different retention strategies(aggregated vs.dispersed).The balance among carbon pool components changed between managed and unmanaged stands across the YAH,and was directly related to the impact magnitude.Aggregated retention improved the ecological stability of the harvested areas,where the below-ground components were more stable than the above-ground components.The recovery rate was directly related to the post-harvesting natural dynamics of the stands.The studied period was not enough to fully recover the C levels of primary unmanaged for-ests,but VRH showed advantages to increase the C pools in the managed stands.Conclusions Promoting VRH can improve sustainable forestry at the landscape level and in the long term,generating positive synergies with biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services.This study provides important new insights into forest carbon management,in particular to setting standards in carbon projects and sets the groundwork for analysing the economics of the mentioned harvesting systems.展开更多
基金the RTG ConFoBi has been provided by the German Research Foundation(DFG)(Grant number GRK 2123/2)。
文摘Background:Retention forestry is a management strategy aiming to mitigate biodiversity loss by retaining structural elements such as dead trees that would otherwise be removed.Here we analyze the biomass,diversity and abundance among forest beetles collected using window traps on 1281-ha forest sites reflecting gradients in the amount of structural elements in southwestern Germany.Results:We found that beetle biomass increased with mean diameter at breast height(a measure of tree size),and decreased with stand structural complexity.Biomass of individual feeding guilds responded differently to forest structural elements,namely lying deadwood,understory complexity,tree basal area and stand structural complexity.Beetle family diversity increased with the effective number of layers,i.e.1-m forest strata occupied by vegetation assessed via terrestrial laser scanning.Abundance of feeding guilds responded to only elevation and share of deciduous trees.Community composition in terms of biomass was structured by forest elements similar to biomass of individual feeding guilds,with the addition of lying deadwood.This differed from community composition in terms of abundance of feeding guilds,which was structured by primarily standing deadwood volume and share of deciduous trees.Conclusions:Our results show that biomass,diversity and abundance respond differently to forest structural elements.This suggests that the concurrent prioritization of multiple forest elements is needed to promote forest beetles,with more focus placed on the differing resource needs among feeding guilds.In addition,retention strategies should also consider the varying responses of beetle biodiversity metrics when assessing the importance of forest structural elements.
基金Proyecto de apoyo para la Preparación de REDD+en el marco del Fondo Cooperativo de Preparación para el Carbono de los Bosques(FCPF TF019086)Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación Argentina(2021-2022)Proyectos de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Social(PDTS-0398)MINCyT(Argentina)(2020-2023)+1 种基金Proyectos de Investigación Plurianual(PIP 2021-2023 GI)CONICET(Argentina)(2022-2025)Proyectos Interinstitucionales en Temas Estratégicos(PITES-03)MINCyT(Argentina)(2022-2024).
文摘Background It is necessary to determine the implications for managing forest stands using variable retention harvesting for maintaining carbon and for calculating the effects of different harvesting practices on above-and below-ground carbon balance in forest ecosystems.In this context,forest carbon management has gained more attention among managers and policy-makers during recent years.The aim of this study was to determine carbon pool dynamics in different forest ecosystem components after variable retention harvesting(VRH)to characterize the ecological stability and quantify the recovery rate through the years-after-harvesting(YAH).Methods Carbon pool compartmentalization of 14 different components was determined in 60 harvested and primary unmanaged forests during the first 18 YAH in Tierra del Fuego(Argentina).We compared them using uni-and multi-variate methods,relativizing the outputs with primary unmanaged forests.Results We determined the effectiveness to retain carbon components in post-harvested stands under different retention strategies(aggregated vs.dispersed).The balance among carbon pool components changed between managed and unmanaged stands across the YAH,and was directly related to the impact magnitude.Aggregated retention improved the ecological stability of the harvested areas,where the below-ground components were more stable than the above-ground components.The recovery rate was directly related to the post-harvesting natural dynamics of the stands.The studied period was not enough to fully recover the C levels of primary unmanaged for-ests,but VRH showed advantages to increase the C pools in the managed stands.Conclusions Promoting VRH can improve sustainable forestry at the landscape level and in the long term,generating positive synergies with biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services.This study provides important new insights into forest carbon management,in particular to setting standards in carbon projects and sets the groundwork for analysing the economics of the mentioned harvesting systems.
