新时代护理高质量发展亟需以理论为指导的科学化管理体系。美国斯坦福医疗中心(Stanford Health Care,SHC)基于Watson关怀理论、磁性医院理念及专业实践模型,以理论为指导提高了护理管理的科学化水平:以“明爱程序”为核心,通过结构化...新时代护理高质量发展亟需以理论为指导的科学化管理体系。美国斯坦福医疗中心(Stanford Health Care,SHC)基于Watson关怀理论、磁性医院理念及专业实践模型,以理论为指导提高了护理管理的科学化水平:以“明爱程序”为核心,通过结构化培训推动护理文化从技术导向向关怀导向转型;以磁性认证为引领,依托扁平化管理和共享治理模式提升护士参与度与组织效能;以“HEART”价值观[真诚(honesty)、卓越(excellence)、倡导(advocacy)、尊重(respect)、合作(teamwork)]为基石,构建护理专业实践模型保障服务质量。本文深入剖析SHC的护理管理实践经验,结合我国国情及护理管理现状,提出融合传统文化资源推进人文关怀行动、强化护士赋权构建共享治理模式、教育赋能实现多元化职业发展等策略,以构建人文与专业并重、理论与实践融合的护理管理体系。展开更多
The dried leaves of Apocynum venetum L. （AVL） is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used as antihypertensive medicine in China. Accurate determination of its best harvest season is important for its effective and...The dried leaves of Apocynum venetum L. （AVL） is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used as antihypertensive medicine in China. Accurate determination of its best harvest season is important for its effective and safe use. In the present study, we developed a reliable method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electro spray ionization-ion trap-time of flight （HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF） mass spectrometry and HPLC-DAD for the identification and quantification of major components in AVL leaves. Quantitative analysis of 24 samples collected weekly helped monitor the changes of compounds dynamically in AVL leaves to determine the best harvest season. A total of 30 compounds were identified, including quinic acid, five phenolic acids and 24 flavonoids. For the first time, 16 compounds were selected as marker compounds and simultaneously monitored weekly instead of monthly during the growth of the plant. The results showed that in May the leaves had the highest amount of phenolic acids, flavonoids and total compounds. Therefore, May should be the best harvest season for AVL leaves, which was distinct from previous studies. The established method was validated to be simple, accurate and precise, and thus it was of great importance for determination of the best harvest season.展开更多
Macrophages have a leading position in the tumor microenvironment(TME)which paves the way to carcinogenesis.Initially,monocytes and macrophages are recruited to the sites where the tumor develops.Under the guidance of...Macrophages have a leading position in the tumor microenvironment(TME)which paves the way to carcinogenesis.Initially,monocytes and macrophages are recruited to the sites where the tumor develops.Under the guidance of different microenvironmental signals,macrophages would polarize into two functional phenotypes,named as classically activated macrophages(M1)and alternatively activated macrophages(M2).Contrary to the anti-tumor effect of M1,M2 exerts anti-inflammatory and tumorigenic characters.In progressive tumor,M2 tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are in the majority,being vital regulators reacting upon TME.This review elaborates on the role of TAMs in tumor progression.Furthermore,prospective macrophage-focused therapeutic strategies,including drugs not only in clinical trials but also at primary research stages,are summarized followed by a discussion about their clinical application values.Nanoparticulate systems with efficient drug delivery and improved antitumor effect are also summed up in this article.展开更多
文摘新时代护理高质量发展亟需以理论为指导的科学化管理体系。美国斯坦福医疗中心(Stanford Health Care,SHC)基于Watson关怀理论、磁性医院理念及专业实践模型,以理论为指导提高了护理管理的科学化水平:以“明爱程序”为核心,通过结构化培训推动护理文化从技术导向向关怀导向转型;以磁性认证为引领,依托扁平化管理和共享治理模式提升护士参与度与组织效能;以“HEART”价值观[真诚(honesty)、卓越(excellence)、倡导(advocacy)、尊重(respect)、合作(teamwork)]为基石,构建护理专业实践模型保障服务质量。本文深入剖析SHC的护理管理实践经验,结合我国国情及护理管理现状,提出融合传统文化资源推进人文关怀行动、强化护士赋权构建共享治理模式、教育赋能实现多元化职业发展等策略,以构建人文与专业并重、理论与实践融合的护理管理体系。
基金Initiative Drug Discovery of National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2014ZX09304307-001-011)
文摘The dried leaves of Apocynum venetum L. （AVL） is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used as antihypertensive medicine in China. Accurate determination of its best harvest season is important for its effective and safe use. In the present study, we developed a reliable method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electro spray ionization-ion trap-time of flight （HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF） mass spectrometry and HPLC-DAD for the identification and quantification of major components in AVL leaves. Quantitative analysis of 24 samples collected weekly helped monitor the changes of compounds dynamically in AVL leaves to determine the best harvest season. A total of 30 compounds were identified, including quinic acid, five phenolic acids and 24 flavonoids. For the first time, 16 compounds were selected as marker compounds and simultaneously monitored weekly instead of monthly during the growth of the plant. The results showed that in May the leaves had the highest amount of phenolic acids, flavonoids and total compounds. Therefore, May should be the best harvest season for AVL leaves, which was distinct from previous studies. The established method was validated to be simple, accurate and precise, and thus it was of great importance for determination of the best harvest season.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81673022,81572952 and 81373346)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFE0102200)
文摘Macrophages have a leading position in the tumor microenvironment(TME)which paves the way to carcinogenesis.Initially,monocytes and macrophages are recruited to the sites where the tumor develops.Under the guidance of different microenvironmental signals,macrophages would polarize into two functional phenotypes,named as classically activated macrophages(M1)and alternatively activated macrophages(M2).Contrary to the anti-tumor effect of M1,M2 exerts anti-inflammatory and tumorigenic characters.In progressive tumor,M2 tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are in the majority,being vital regulators reacting upon TME.This review elaborates on the role of TAMs in tumor progression.Furthermore,prospective macrophage-focused therapeutic strategies,including drugs not only in clinical trials but also at primary research stages,are summarized followed by a discussion about their clinical application values.Nanoparticulate systems with efficient drug delivery and improved antitumor effect are also summed up in this article.
