AIM: To investigate the potential role of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) in hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in pigs with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: SAP model was produced by intraductal ...AIM: To investigate the potential role of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) in hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in pigs with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: SAP model was produced by intraductal injection of sodium taurocholate [4%, 1 mL/kg body weight (BW)] and trypsin (2 U/kg BW). Animals were allocated either to untreated controls as group 1 or to one of two treatment groups as group 2 receiving a low-volume CVVH [20 mL/(kg·h)], and group 3 receiving a high-volume CVVH [100 (mL/kg·h)]. Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted during the operation. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction ratio, as well as survival of pigs were evaluated in the study. RESULTS: Survival time was significantly prolonged by low-volume and high-volume CVVHs, which was more pronounced in the latter. High-volume CVVH was significantly superior compared with less intensive treatment modalities (low-volume CVVH) in systemic inflammatory reaction protection. The major hemodynamic finding was that pancreatitis-induced hypotension was significantly attenuated by intensive CVVH (87.4±12.5 kPa vs116.3±7.8 kPa,P＜0.01). The development of hyperdynamic circulatory failure was simultaneously attenuated, as reflected by a limited increase in cardiac output, an attenuated decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an elevation in oxygen extraction ratio. CONCLUSION: CVVH blunts the pancreatitis-induced cardiovascular response and increases tissue oxygen extraction. The high-volume CVVH is distinctly superior in preventing sepsis-related hemodynamic impairment.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expressions of E-cadherin and calretinin in exfoliated cells of serous effusions and evaluate their values in distinguishing malignant effusions from benign ones.METHODS: Fresh serous effusion ...AIM: To investigate the expressions of E-cadherin and calretinin in exfoliated cells of serous effusions and evaluate their values in distinguishing malignant effusions from benign ones.METHODS: Fresh serous effusion specimens were centrifuged and exfoliated cells were collected. Cells were then processed with a standardized procedure, including paraformaldehyde fixation, BSA-PBS solution washing and smears preparation. E-cadherin and calretinin were detected by immunocytochemistry (ICC).RESULTS: In the exfoliated cells of serous effusions, most of carcinoma cells only expressed E-cadherin, and most of mesothelial cells only expressed calretinin, and benign cells (lymphoo/tes and granuloo/tes) did not express either of them. For E-cadherin, 85.7% (30/35) of malignant effusions and 8.1% (3137) of benign fluids were ICC-positive (P<0.O01).The sensitivity of E-cadherin ICC in the diagnosis of malignant effusions was 85.7%, specificity 91.9%, and diagnostic rate 88.9%. For calretinin, 94.6% (35/37) of benign effusions and 11.4% (4/35) of malignant effusions were ICC-positive (P<O.O01). The sensitivity of calretinin ICC in the diagnosis of benign effusions was 94.6%,specificity 88.6%, and diagnostic rate 91.7%. For diagnosis of benign and malignant effusions by combining E-cadherin ICC and calretinin ICC, the specificities were up to 100% and 97.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION: E-cadherin ICC and calretinin ICC are sensitive and specific in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant serous effusion specimens and specificities are evidently improved when both markers are combined.展开更多
AIM: To determine the regulation effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on dipeptide transporter (PepT1) in Caco-2 cells with normal culture and anoxia/reoxygenation injury.METHODS: A human intestinal cell...AIM: To determine the regulation effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on dipeptide transporter (PepT1) in Caco-2 cells with normal culture and anoxia/reoxygenation injury.METHODS: A human intestinal cell monolayer (Caco-2) was used as the in vitro model of human small intestine and cephalexin as the model substrate for dipeptide transporter (PepT1). Caco-2 cells grown on Transwell membrane filters were preincubated in the presence of rhGH in the culture medium for 4 d, serum was withdrawn from monolayers for 24 h before each experiment. The transport experiments of cephalexin across apical membromes were then conducted;Caco-2 cells grown on multiple well dishes (24 pore) with normal culture or anoxia/reoxygenation injury were preincubated with rhGH as above and uptake of cephalexin was then measured.RESULTS: The transport and uptake of cephelaxin across apical membranes of Caco-2 cells after preincubation with rhGH were significantly increased compared with controls (P=0.045, 0.0223). Also, addition of rhGH at physiological concentration (34 nM) to incubation medium greatly stimulates cephalexin uptake by anoxia/reoxygenation injuried Caco-2 cells (P=0.0116), while the biological functions of PepT1 in injured Caco-2 cells without rhGH were markedly downregulated. Northem blot analysis showed that the level of PepT1 mRNA of rhGH-treated injured Caco-2cells was greatly increased compared to controls.CONCLUSION: The present results of rhGH stimulating the uptake and transport of cephalexin indicated that rhGH greatly upregulates the physiological effects of dipeptide transporters of Caco-2 cells. The alteration in the gene expression may be a mechanism of regulation of PepT1. In addition, Caco-2 cells take up cephalexin by the Proton-dependent dipeptide transporters that closely resembles the transporters present in the intestine. Caco-2 cells represent an ideal cellular model for future studies of the dipeptide transporter.展开更多
AIM: As the conventional combined liver-small bowel transplantation is complicated with many postoperative complications, the aim of this study was to describe a modified technique for the combined liver-small bowel t...AIM: As the conventional combined liver-small bowel transplantation is complicated with many postoperative complications, the aim of this study was to describe a modified technique for the combined liver-small bowel transplantation with preservation of the duodenum, partial head of pancreas and hepatic biliary system in pigs.METHODS: Composite liver/small bowel allotransplantations were undertaken in 30 long-white pigs. The graft included liver, about 3 to 4 m proximal jejunum, duodenum and partial pancreatic head. Vessels reconstructions included subhepatic vena cava-vena cava anastomosis, aorta-aorta anastomosis and portal-splenic vein anastomosis.RESULTS: Without immunosuppressive treatment, the median survival time of the animals was 6 days (2 to 12days), and about 76.9 % (20/26) of the animals survived for more than 4 days after operation.CONCLUSION: The modified technique is feasible and safe for the composite liver/small bowel transplantation with duodenum and pancreas preserved in pigs. And also this technique can simplify the operation and decrease possible postoperative complications.展开更多
AIM: To improve the low resection rate, poor prognosis and to control the massive hemorrhage during operation,total vascular exclusion (TVE) technique was used in hepatectomies of advanced and complicated hepatocellul...AIM: To improve the low resection rate, poor prognosis and to control the massive hemorrhage during operation,total vascular exclusion (TVE) technique was used in hepatectomies of advanced and complicated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).METHODS: Five hundred and thirty patients with HCCs were admitted in our hospital. They were divided into TVE technique group (group A:n＝78), Pringle maneuver method group (group B:n=176) and unresectable group (group C:n=276). The clinical, operative, pathological parameters and outcome of the patients were statistically evaluated.RESULTS: Group A had a significantly higher resection rate than group B (accounting for 47.92% and 33.21%respectively). There was no significant difference in blood loss, blood transfusion and perioperative mortality betweengroups A and B. Both groups had the similar median disease free survival time (14.6 VS 16.3 months) and 1 year survival rate (92.9% VS95.5%). The TVE group had a medial survival time of 40.5 months and its 5-year survival rate was 34.6%.CONCLUSION: As compared with Pringle maneuver method, the total vascular exclusion is a safe and effective technique to increase the total resection rate of advanced and complicated HCCs.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acids (n-3FA), fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and glutamine (GLN) on mucosal cell proliferation and apoptosis of small bowel graft. METHODS:One hundred and ninety-six inbred st...AIM:To evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acids (n-3FA), fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and glutamine (GLN) on mucosal cell proliferation and apoptosis of small bowel graft. METHODS:One hundred and ninety-six inbred strain Wistar rats were grouped as donors and recipients,and underwent heterotopic small bowel transplantation (SBT).n-3FA,FDP and GLN were administered via gastric tube as well as venous infusion for 10 days before and after surgery,respectively. The proliferation and apoptosis of mucosal cells were analyzed with flow cytometry and in situ cell death detection kits. RESULTS:Apparent apoptosis and minor proliferation of mucosal cells of small bowel graft after transplantation were observed.A higher mucosal cell proliferative index and lower apoptotic index were found in all small bowel grafts after supplying with n-3FA,FDP and GLN. CONCLUSION:Nutritional support with n-3FA,FDP and GLN promotes mucosal cell proliferation significantly,and prevents mucosal cell from undergoing apoptosis with different degrees.These regulatory effects on the apoptosis alter the structure and absorption function of transplanted small bowel favorably.展开更多
AIM: The aim of this study was to describe an auxiliary combined liver-small bowel transplantation model with the preservation of duodenum, head of pancreas and hepatic biliary system in pigs. The technique, feasibili...AIM: The aim of this study was to describe an auxiliary combined liver-small bowel transplantation model with the preservation of duodenum, head of pancreas and hepatic biliary system in pigs. The technique, feasibility, security and immunosuppression were commented.METHODS- Forty outbred long-white pigs were randomized into two groups, and the auxiliary composite liver/small bowel allotransplantations were undertaken in 10 longwhite pigs in each group with the recipient liver preserved.Group A was not treated with immunosuppressive drugs while group B was treated with cyclosporine A and methylprednisolone after operation. The hemodynamic changes and amylase of body fluid (including blood, urine and abdominal drain) were analyzed.RESULTS: The average survival time of the animals was 10±1.929 d (6 to 25 d) in group A while more than 30 d in group B. The pigs could tolerate the hemodynamic fluctuation during operation and the hemodynamic parameters recovered to normal 2 h after blood reperfusion. The transient high amylase level was decreased to normal one week after operation and autopsy showed no pancreatitis.CONCLUSION: Auxiliary en-b/oc liver-small bowel transplantation with partial pancreas preservation is a feasible and safe model with simplified surgical techniques for composite liver/small bowel transplantation. This model may be used as a preclinical training model for clinical transplantation method, clinical liver-small bowel transplantation related complication research, basic research including immunosuppressive treatment, organ preservation, acute rejection, chronic rejection, immuno-tolerance and xenotransplantation.展开更多
AIM: To assess the putative involvement of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and the therapeutic efficacy of indomethacin (IND)on cachexia.METHODS: Thirty young male BABL/c mi...AIM: To assess the putative involvement of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and the therapeutic efficacy of indomethacin (IND)on cachexia.METHODS: Thirty young male BABL/c mice were divided randomly into five groups: (a) control, (b) tumor-bearing murine were inoculated subcutaneously to induce cachexia.Saline and IND were given intraperitoneally daily for 7 days from the onset of cachexia to sacrifice. Food intake and body composition were documented, serum levels of TNFα and IL-6 and activity of NF-κB in the spleen were investigated in all animals.RESULTS: Weight loss was observed in all tumor-bearing mice. By day 16, body weights of non-tumor mice were about 72 % of healthy controls (P＜0.01), and the weight of gastrocnemius was decreased by 28.7 % (P＜0.01). No difference was found between groups in food intake (P＞0.05).Gastrocnemius weight was increased markedly (P＜0.01)body weights were not significantly elevated. Tumor-bearing caused a 2-3 fold increase in serum levels of both TNF-αand IL-6 (P＜0.01). The concentration of TNF-α (P＜0.05)and IL-6 (P＜0.01) in tumor-bearing mice was reduced after of IL-6 was slightly elevated following treatment of IND 2.0tumor-bearing mice in comparison with controls in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (ENSA). NF-κB activity a higher NF-κB activity was observed in mice treated with CONCLUSION: Colon 26 adenocarcinoma cells can induce severe cancer cachexia experimentally, and the mechanism may be partially due to the enhanced TNF-αand IL-6 in tumor-bearing animals, which is controlled by NF-κB. Low dose of indomethacin alleviates the cachexia,decreases the activation of NF-κB and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and prevents body weight loss and muscle atrophy, while no further effect is gained by a higher dosage.展开更多
AIM: To determine the regulatory effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on dipeptide transport (PepT1) in normal and severe scald rats.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats with 30 % total body surface area (T...AIM: To determine the regulatory effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on dipeptide transport (PepT1) in normal and severe scald rats.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats with 30 % total body surface area (TBSA) Ⅲ degree scald were employed as the model. In this study rhGH was used at the dose of 2 IU.kg-1d-1. An everted sleeve of intestine 4 cm long obtained from mid-jejunum was securely incubated in Kreb's solution with radioactive dipeptide (3H-glycylsarcosine, 3H-Gly-Sar,10 μCi/ml) at 37 ℃ for 15 min to measure the effects of uptake and transport of PepT1 of small intestinal epithelial cells in normal and severe scald rats.RESULTS: Abundant blood supply to intestine and mesentery was observed in normal and scald rats administered rhGH,while less supply of blood to intestine and mesentery was observed in rats without rhGH. Compared with controls, the transport of dipeptide in normal rats with injection of rhGH was not significantly increased (P=0.1926), while the uptake was significantly increased (P=0.0253). The effects of transport and uptake of PepT1 in scald rats with injection of rhGH were significantly increased (P=0.0082, 0.0391).CONCLUSION: Blood supply to intestine and mesentery of rats was increased following injection of rhGH. The effects of uptake and transport of dipeptide transporters in small intestinal epithelial cells of rats with severe scald were markedly up-regulated by rhGH.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effects of animal milk containing fucosylated antigens on Helicobacter pylori (H pylon) binding to Lewis b antigen.METHODS:A mammary gland expression vector containing human α1-3/4-fucosyltransfer...AIM:To evaluate the effects of animal milk containing fucosylated antigens on Helicobacter pylori (H pylon) binding to Lewis b antigen.METHODS:A mammary gland expression vector containing human α1-3/4-fucosyltransferase cDNA sequences was constructed. Transient expression of human(α1-3/4-fucosyltransferase cDNA in goat mammary cell and establishment of transgenic mice were performed. The adhesion inhibitory properties of milk samples were analyzed by using Hpylori.RESULTS: Goat milk samples were found to inhibit bacterial binding to Lewis b antigen. The highest inhibition was observed 42 h after injection of the plasmid. The binding activity of Hpylori to Lewis b antigen reduced mostly, by 83%, however milk samples from transgenic mice did not inhibit Hpylori binding to Lewis b antigen.CONCLUSION: The use of 'humanized' animal milk produced by the transgenic introduction of fucosylated antigen can perhaps provide an alternative therapy and preventive measure for Hpylori infection.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of L-arginine preconditioning on ischemia and reperfusion injury associated with small bowel transplantation (SBT).METHODS: Male inbred Wistar rats weig...AIM: To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of L-arginine preconditioning on ischemia and reperfusion injury associated with small bowel transplantation (SBT).METHODS: Male inbred Wistar rats weighting between 180 and 250 g were used as donors and recipients in thestudy. Heterotopic rat SBT was performed according to the techniques of Li and Wu. During the experiment, intestinal grafts were preserved in 4 ℃ Ringer's solution for 8 h before being transplanted. Animals were divided into three groups. In group 1, donors received intravenous L-arginine (50 mg/kg, 1 mL) injection 90 min before graft harvesting. However, donors in control group were given normal saline (NS) instead. In group 3, six rats were used as sham-operated control. Specimens were taken from intestinal grafts 15 min after reperfusion. Histological grading, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were assessed. The graft survival of each group was monitored daily until 14 d after transplantation. RESULTS: Levels of MDA and MPO in intestine of shamoperated rats were 2.0±0.22 mmol/g and 0.66±0.105 U/g. Eight hours of cold preservation followed by 15 min of reperfusion resulted in significant increases in tissue MDA and MPO levels. Pretreatment with L-arginine before graft harvesting resulted in lower enhancement of tissue levels of MDA and MPO and the differences were significant (4.71±1.02 mmol/g vs8.02±3.49 mmol/g, 1.03±0.095 U/g vs 1.53±0.068 U/g, P＜0.05). Besides, animals in L-arginine pretreated group had better histological structures and higher 2-wk graft survival rates comparing with that in NS treated group (3.3±0.52 vs6±0.1, 0/6 vs6/6, P＜0.05or 0.01).CONCLUSION: L-arginine preconditioning attenuates ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat SBT model,which was due to antioxidant activities partially.展开更多
AIM: To introduce combined liver-small bowel transplantation in pigs.METHODS: Eighteen transplantations in 36 large white pigs were performed. Three modifications in combined liver-small bowel transplantation model we...AIM: To introduce combined liver-small bowel transplantation in pigs.METHODS: Eighteen transplantations in 36 large white pigs were performed. Three modifications in combined liver-small bowel transplantation model were applied: Veno-venous bypass was not used. Preservation of the donor duodenum and head of pancreas in continuity with the combined graft to avoid biliary reconstruction. The splenic vein of donor was anastomosed end-to-end with the portal vein of recipients by the formation of a 'cuff'.RESULTS: Without immunosuppressive therapy, 72-hour survival rate of the transplanted animals was 72% (13/18).Five of 18 pigs operated died of respiratory failure (3 cases)and bleeding during hepatectomy (2 cases). The longest survival time of animals was 6 days.CONCLUSION: Our surgical modifications are feasible and reliable, which have made the transplantation in pigs simpler and less aggressive, and thus these can be used for preclinical study.展开更多
Abstract: Cis-cinnamic acid (CA) is a naturally occurring compound, presumably converted from trans-CA in higher plants. To investigate the effect of cis-CA on the activity of Arabidopsis phenylalanine ammonia lyase (...Abstract: Cis-cinnamic acid (CA) is a naturally occurring compound, presumably converted from trans-CA in higher plants. To investigate the effect of cis-CA on the activity of Arabidopsis phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), AtPAL1, AtPAL2, and AtPAL4 genes were isolated using reverse transcription poly-merase chain reaction. These genes were fused to a glutathione S-transferase gene and overexpressed in a heterologous prokaryotic system of Escherichia coli. The purified PAL1, PAL2 and PAL4 enzymes were characterized biochemically to determine the effects of cis-CA on the kinetic parameter Km. The results showed that cis-CA is a competitive inhibitor for PAL1, but not PAL2 and PAL4, whereas trans-CA acts as a competitive inhibitor for all three PAL isomers, suggesting that cis- and trans-CA have different effects on the catalytic activity of PAL.展开更多
基金Supported by the Social Development Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No.BS2000051
文摘AIM: To investigate the potential role of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) in hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in pigs with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: SAP model was produced by intraductal injection of sodium taurocholate [4%, 1 mL/kg body weight (BW)] and trypsin (2 U/kg BW). Animals were allocated either to untreated controls as group 1 or to one of two treatment groups as group 2 receiving a low-volume CVVH [20 mL/(kg·h)], and group 3 receiving a high-volume CVVH [100 (mL/kg·h)]. Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted during the operation. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction ratio, as well as survival of pigs were evaluated in the study. RESULTS: Survival time was significantly prolonged by low-volume and high-volume CVVHs, which was more pronounced in the latter. High-volume CVVH was significantly superior compared with less intensive treatment modalities (low-volume CVVH) in systemic inflammatory reaction protection. The major hemodynamic finding was that pancreatitis-induced hypotension was significantly attenuated by intensive CVVH (87.4±12.5 kPa vs116.3±7.8 kPa,P＜0.01). The development of hyperdynamic circulatory failure was simultaneously attenuated, as reflected by a limited increase in cardiac output, an attenuated decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an elevation in oxygen extraction ratio. CONCLUSION: CVVH blunts the pancreatitis-induced cardiovascular response and increases tissue oxygen extraction. The high-volume CVVH is distinctly superior in preventing sepsis-related hemodynamic impairment.
文摘AIM: To investigate the expressions of E-cadherin and calretinin in exfoliated cells of serous effusions and evaluate their values in distinguishing malignant effusions from benign ones.METHODS: Fresh serous effusion specimens were centrifuged and exfoliated cells were collected. Cells were then processed with a standardized procedure, including paraformaldehyde fixation, BSA-PBS solution washing and smears preparation. E-cadherin and calretinin were detected by immunocytochemistry (ICC).RESULTS: In the exfoliated cells of serous effusions, most of carcinoma cells only expressed E-cadherin, and most of mesothelial cells only expressed calretinin, and benign cells (lymphoo/tes and granuloo/tes) did not express either of them. For E-cadherin, 85.7% (30/35) of malignant effusions and 8.1% (3137) of benign fluids were ICC-positive (P<0.O01).The sensitivity of E-cadherin ICC in the diagnosis of malignant effusions was 85.7%, specificity 91.9%, and diagnostic rate 88.9%. For calretinin, 94.6% (35/37) of benign effusions and 11.4% (4/35) of malignant effusions were ICC-positive (P<O.O01). The sensitivity of calretinin ICC in the diagnosis of benign effusions was 94.6%,specificity 88.6%, and diagnostic rate 91.7%. For diagnosis of benign and malignant effusions by combining E-cadherin ICC and calretinin ICC, the specificities were up to 100% and 97.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION: E-cadherin ICC and calretinin ICC are sensitive and specific in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant serous effusion specimens and specificities are evidently improved when both markers are combined.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 39970862
文摘AIM: To determine the regulation effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on dipeptide transporter (PepT1) in Caco-2 cells with normal culture and anoxia/reoxygenation injury.METHODS: A human intestinal cell monolayer (Caco-2) was used as the in vitro model of human small intestine and cephalexin as the model substrate for dipeptide transporter (PepT1). Caco-2 cells grown on Transwell membrane filters were preincubated in the presence of rhGH in the culture medium for 4 d, serum was withdrawn from monolayers for 24 h before each experiment. The transport experiments of cephalexin across apical membromes were then conducted;Caco-2 cells grown on multiple well dishes (24 pore) with normal culture or anoxia/reoxygenation injury were preincubated with rhGH as above and uptake of cephalexin was then measured.RESULTS: The transport and uptake of cephelaxin across apical membranes of Caco-2 cells after preincubation with rhGH were significantly increased compared with controls (P=0.045, 0.0223). Also, addition of rhGH at physiological concentration (34 nM) to incubation medium greatly stimulates cephalexin uptake by anoxia/reoxygenation injuried Caco-2 cells (P=0.0116), while the biological functions of PepT1 in injured Caco-2 cells without rhGH were markedly downregulated. Northem blot analysis showed that the level of PepT1 mRNA of rhGH-treated injured Caco-2cells was greatly increased compared to controls.CONCLUSION: The present results of rhGH stimulating the uptake and transport of cephalexin indicated that rhGH greatly upregulates the physiological effects of dipeptide transporters of Caco-2 cells. The alteration in the gene expression may be a mechanism of regulation of PepT1. In addition, Caco-2 cells take up cephalexin by the Proton-dependent dipeptide transporters that closely resembles the transporters present in the intestine. Caco-2 cells represent an ideal cellular model for future studies of the dipeptide transporter.
文摘AIM: As the conventional combined liver-small bowel transplantation is complicated with many postoperative complications, the aim of this study was to describe a modified technique for the combined liver-small bowel transplantation with preservation of the duodenum, partial head of pancreas and hepatic biliary system in pigs.METHODS: Composite liver/small bowel allotransplantations were undertaken in 30 long-white pigs. The graft included liver, about 3 to 4 m proximal jejunum, duodenum and partial pancreatic head. Vessels reconstructions included subhepatic vena cava-vena cava anastomosis, aorta-aorta anastomosis and portal-splenic vein anastomosis.RESULTS: Without immunosuppressive treatment, the median survival time of the animals was 6 days (2 to 12days), and about 76.9 % (20/26) of the animals survived for more than 4 days after operation.CONCLUSION: The modified technique is feasible and safe for the composite liver/small bowel transplantation with duodenum and pancreas preserved in pigs. And also this technique can simplify the operation and decrease possible postoperative complications.
文摘AIM: To improve the low resection rate, poor prognosis and to control the massive hemorrhage during operation,total vascular exclusion (TVE) technique was used in hepatectomies of advanced and complicated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).METHODS: Five hundred and thirty patients with HCCs were admitted in our hospital. They were divided into TVE technique group (group A:n＝78), Pringle maneuver method group (group B:n=176) and unresectable group (group C:n=276). The clinical, operative, pathological parameters and outcome of the patients were statistically evaluated.RESULTS: Group A had a significantly higher resection rate than group B (accounting for 47.92% and 33.21%respectively). There was no significant difference in blood loss, blood transfusion and perioperative mortality betweengroups A and B. Both groups had the similar median disease free survival time (14.6 VS 16.3 months) and 1 year survival rate (92.9% VS95.5%). The TVE group had a medial survival time of 40.5 months and its 5-year survival rate was 34.6%.CONCLUSION: As compared with Pringle maneuver method, the total vascular exclusion is a safe and effective technique to increase the total resection rate of advanced and complicated HCCs.
基金the State Education Commission Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars Abroad(1997)436
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acids (n-3FA), fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and glutamine (GLN) on mucosal cell proliferation and apoptosis of small bowel graft. METHODS:One hundred and ninety-six inbred strain Wistar rats were grouped as donors and recipients,and underwent heterotopic small bowel transplantation (SBT).n-3FA,FDP and GLN were administered via gastric tube as well as venous infusion for 10 days before and after surgery,respectively. The proliferation and apoptosis of mucosal cells were analyzed with flow cytometry and in situ cell death detection kits. RESULTS:Apparent apoptosis and minor proliferation of mucosal cells of small bowel graft after transplantation were observed.A higher mucosal cell proliferative index and lower apoptotic index were found in all small bowel grafts after supplying with n-3FA,FDP and GLN. CONCLUSION:Nutritional support with n-3FA,FDP and GLN promotes mucosal cell proliferation significantly,and prevents mucosal cell from undergoing apoptosis with different degrees.These regulatory effects on the apoptosis alter the structure and absorption function of transplanted small bowel favorably.
文摘AIM: The aim of this study was to describe an auxiliary combined liver-small bowel transplantation model with the preservation of duodenum, head of pancreas and hepatic biliary system in pigs. The technique, feasibility, security and immunosuppression were commented.METHODS- Forty outbred long-white pigs were randomized into two groups, and the auxiliary composite liver/small bowel allotransplantations were undertaken in 10 longwhite pigs in each group with the recipient liver preserved.Group A was not treated with immunosuppressive drugs while group B was treated with cyclosporine A and methylprednisolone after operation. The hemodynamic changes and amylase of body fluid (including blood, urine and abdominal drain) were analyzed.RESULTS: The average survival time of the animals was 10±1.929 d (6 to 25 d) in group A while more than 30 d in group B. The pigs could tolerate the hemodynamic fluctuation during operation and the hemodynamic parameters recovered to normal 2 h after blood reperfusion. The transient high amylase level was decreased to normal one week after operation and autopsy showed no pancreatitis.CONCLUSION: Auxiliary en-b/oc liver-small bowel transplantation with partial pancreas preservation is a feasible and safe model with simplified surgical techniques for composite liver/small bowel transplantation. This model may be used as a preclinical training model for clinical transplantation method, clinical liver-small bowel transplantation related complication research, basic research including immunosuppressive treatment, organ preservation, acute rejection, chronic rejection, immuno-tolerance and xenotransplantation.
文摘AIM: To assess the putative involvement of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and the therapeutic efficacy of indomethacin (IND)on cachexia.METHODS: Thirty young male BABL/c mice were divided randomly into five groups: (a) control, (b) tumor-bearing murine were inoculated subcutaneously to induce cachexia.Saline and IND were given intraperitoneally daily for 7 days from the onset of cachexia to sacrifice. Food intake and body composition were documented, serum levels of TNFα and IL-6 and activity of NF-κB in the spleen were investigated in all animals.RESULTS: Weight loss was observed in all tumor-bearing mice. By day 16, body weights of non-tumor mice were about 72 % of healthy controls (P＜0.01), and the weight of gastrocnemius was decreased by 28.7 % (P＜0.01). No difference was found between groups in food intake (P＞0.05).Gastrocnemius weight was increased markedly (P＜0.01)body weights were not significantly elevated. Tumor-bearing caused a 2-3 fold increase in serum levels of both TNF-αand IL-6 (P＜0.01). The concentration of TNF-α (P＜0.05)and IL-6 (P＜0.01) in tumor-bearing mice was reduced after of IL-6 was slightly elevated following treatment of IND 2.0tumor-bearing mice in comparison with controls in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (ENSA). NF-κB activity a higher NF-κB activity was observed in mice treated with CONCLUSION: Colon 26 adenocarcinoma cells can induce severe cancer cachexia experimentally, and the mechanism may be partially due to the enhanced TNF-αand IL-6 in tumor-bearing animals, which is controlled by NF-κB. Low dose of indomethacin alleviates the cachexia,decreases the activation of NF-κB and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and prevents body weight loss and muscle atrophy, while no further effect is gained by a higher dosage.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39970862
文摘AIM: To determine the regulatory effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on dipeptide transport (PepT1) in normal and severe scald rats.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats with 30 % total body surface area (TBSA) Ⅲ degree scald were employed as the model. In this study rhGH was used at the dose of 2 IU.kg-1d-1. An everted sleeve of intestine 4 cm long obtained from mid-jejunum was securely incubated in Kreb's solution with radioactive dipeptide (3H-glycylsarcosine, 3H-Gly-Sar,10 μCi/ml) at 37 ℃ for 15 min to measure the effects of uptake and transport of PepT1 of small intestinal epithelial cells in normal and severe scald rats.RESULTS: Abundant blood supply to intestine and mesentery was observed in normal and scald rats administered rhGH,while less supply of blood to intestine and mesentery was observed in rats without rhGH. Compared with controls, the transport of dipeptide in normal rats with injection of rhGH was not significantly increased (P=0.1926), while the uptake was significantly increased (P=0.0253). The effects of transport and uptake of PepT1 in scald rats with injection of rhGH were significantly increased (P=0.0082, 0.0391).CONCLUSION: Blood supply to intestine and mesentery of rats was increased following injection of rhGH. The effects of uptake and transport of dipeptide transporters in small intestinal epithelial cells of rats with severe scald were markedly up-regulated by rhGH.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effects of animal milk containing fucosylated antigens on Helicobacter pylori (H pylon) binding to Lewis b antigen.METHODS:A mammary gland expression vector containing human α1-3/4-fucosyltransferase cDNA sequences was constructed. Transient expression of human(α1-3/4-fucosyltransferase cDNA in goat mammary cell and establishment of transgenic mice were performed. The adhesion inhibitory properties of milk samples were analyzed by using Hpylori.RESULTS: Goat milk samples were found to inhibit bacterial binding to Lewis b antigen. The highest inhibition was observed 42 h after injection of the plasmid. The binding activity of Hpylori to Lewis b antigen reduced mostly, by 83%, however milk samples from transgenic mice did not inhibit Hpylori binding to Lewis b antigen.CONCLUSION: The use of 'humanized' animal milk produced by the transgenic introduction of fucosylated antigen can perhaps provide an alternative therapy and preventive measure for Hpylori infection.
文摘AIM: To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of L-arginine preconditioning on ischemia and reperfusion injury associated with small bowel transplantation (SBT).METHODS: Male inbred Wistar rats weighting between 180 and 250 g were used as donors and recipients in thestudy. Heterotopic rat SBT was performed according to the techniques of Li and Wu. During the experiment, intestinal grafts were preserved in 4 ℃ Ringer's solution for 8 h before being transplanted. Animals were divided into three groups. In group 1, donors received intravenous L-arginine (50 mg/kg, 1 mL) injection 90 min before graft harvesting. However, donors in control group were given normal saline (NS) instead. In group 3, six rats were used as sham-operated control. Specimens were taken from intestinal grafts 15 min after reperfusion. Histological grading, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were assessed. The graft survival of each group was monitored daily until 14 d after transplantation. RESULTS: Levels of MDA and MPO in intestine of shamoperated rats were 2.0±0.22 mmol/g and 0.66±0.105 U/g. Eight hours of cold preservation followed by 15 min of reperfusion resulted in significant increases in tissue MDA and MPO levels. Pretreatment with L-arginine before graft harvesting resulted in lower enhancement of tissue levels of MDA and MPO and the differences were significant (4.71±1.02 mmol/g vs8.02±3.49 mmol/g, 1.03±0.095 U/g vs 1.53±0.068 U/g, P＜0.05). Besides, animals in L-arginine pretreated group had better histological structures and higher 2-wk graft survival rates comparing with that in NS treated group (3.3±0.52 vs6±0.1, 0/6 vs6/6, P＜0.05or 0.01).CONCLUSION: L-arginine preconditioning attenuates ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat SBT model,which was due to antioxidant activities partially.
基金the Military Medical Research Found of China,No. 96M022the Major Project of Nanjing Military Command,No.02Z001
文摘AIM: To introduce combined liver-small bowel transplantation in pigs.METHODS: Eighteen transplantations in 36 large white pigs were performed. Three modifications in combined liver-small bowel transplantation model were applied: Veno-venous bypass was not used. Preservation of the donor duodenum and head of pancreas in continuity with the combined graft to avoid biliary reconstruction. The splenic vein of donor was anastomosed end-to-end with the portal vein of recipients by the formation of a 'cuff'.RESULTS: Without immunosuppressive therapy, 72-hour survival rate of the transplanted animals was 72% (13/18).Five of 18 pigs operated died of respiratory failure (3 cases)and bleeding during hepatectomy (2 cases). The longest survival time of animals was 6 days.CONCLUSION: Our surgical modifications are feasible and reliable, which have made the transplantation in pigs simpler and less aggressive, and thus these can be used for preclinical study.
文摘Abstract: Cis-cinnamic acid (CA) is a naturally occurring compound, presumably converted from trans-CA in higher plants. To investigate the effect of cis-CA on the activity of Arabidopsis phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), AtPAL1, AtPAL2, and AtPAL4 genes were isolated using reverse transcription poly-merase chain reaction. These genes were fused to a glutathione S-transferase gene and overexpressed in a heterologous prokaryotic system of Escherichia coli. The purified PAL1, PAL2 and PAL4 enzymes were characterized biochemically to determine the effects of cis-CA on the kinetic parameter Km. The results showed that cis-CA is a competitive inhibitor for PAL1, but not PAL2 and PAL4, whereas trans-CA acts as a competitive inhibitor for all three PAL isomers, suggesting that cis- and trans-CA have different effects on the catalytic activity of PAL.
