Polystyrene(PS) fibers with core-shell structures were fabricated by coaxial electrostatic spinning,[10_TD$IF]in which there are liquid epoxy or curing agent as the core and PS as the shell. Scanning electron microsco...Polystyrene(PS) fibers with core-shell structures were fabricated by coaxial electrostatic spinning,[10_TD$IF]in which there are liquid epoxy or curing agent as the core and PS as the shell. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra and optical microscope were utilized for charactering the morphology and composition of the fibers. Composite coatings embedded with the healant-loaded coreshell fibers have been prepared and the self-healing of the scratch on the coatings has been revealed.展开更多
Compressed Sensing(CS)is a Machine Learning(ML)method,which can be regarded as a single-layer unsupervised learning method.It mainly emphasizes the sparsity of the model.In this paper,we study an ML-based CS Channel E...Compressed Sensing(CS)is a Machine Learning(ML)method,which can be regarded as a single-layer unsupervised learning method.It mainly emphasizes the sparsity of the model.In this paper,we study an ML-based CS Channel Estimation(CE)method for wireless communications,which plays an important role in Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)applications.For the sparse correlation between channels in Multiple Input Multiple Output Filter Bank MultiCarrier with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(MIMO-FBMC/OQAM)systems,a Distributed Compressed Sensing(DCS)-based CE approach is studied.A distributed sparse adaptive weak selection threshold method is proposed for CE.Firstly,the correlation between MIMO channels is utilized to represent a joint sparse model,and CE is transformed into a joint sparse signal reconstruction problem.Then,the number of correlation atoms for inner product operation is optimized by weak selection threshold,and sparse signal reconstruction is realized by sparse adaptation.The experiment results show that the proposed DCS-based method not only estimates the multipath channel components accurately but also achieves higher CE performance than classical Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP)method and other traditional DCS methods in the time-frequency dual selective channels.展开更多
The deterioration of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is confronted with challenges such as unregulated Zn^(2+)diffusion,dendrite growth and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments.Here,a design c...The deterioration of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is confronted with challenges such as unregulated Zn^(2+)diffusion,dendrite growth and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments.Here,a design concept of eutectic electrolyte is presented by mixing long chain polymer molecules,polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether(PEGDME),with H_(2)O based on zinc trifluoromethyl sulfonate(Zn(OTf)2),to reconstruct the Zn^(2+)solvated structure and in situ modified the adsorption layer on Zn electrode surface.Molecular dynamics simulations(MD),density functional theory(DFT)calculations were combined with experiment to prove that the long-chain polymer-PEGDME could effectively reduce side reactions,change the solvation structure of the electrolyte and priority absorbed on Zn(002),achieving a stable dendrite-free Zn anode.Due to the comprehensive regulation of solvation structure and zinc deposition by PEGDME,it can stably cycle for over 3200 h at room temperature at 0.5 mA/cm^(2)and 0.5 mAh/cm^(2).Even at high-temperature environments of 60℃,it can steadily work for more than 800 cycles(1600 h).Improved cyclic stability and rate performance of aqueous Zn‖VO_(2)batteries in modified electrolyte were also achieved at both room and high temperatures.Beyond that,the demonstration of stable and high-capacity Zn‖VO_(2)pouch cells also implies its practical application.展开更多
This paper addresses the consensus problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems subject to external disturbances and uncertainties under denial-ofservice(DoS)attacks.Firstly,an observer-based state feedback control method...This paper addresses the consensus problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems subject to external disturbances and uncertainties under denial-ofservice(DoS)attacks.Firstly,an observer-based state feedback control method is employed to achieve secure control by estimating the system's state in real time.Secondly,by combining a memory-based adaptive eventtriggered mechanism with neural networks,the paper aims to approximate the nonlinear terms in the networked system and efficiently conserve system resources.Finally,based on a two-degree-of-freedom model of a vehicle affected by crosswinds,this paper constructs a multi-unmanned ground vehicle(Multi-UGV)system to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively handle external disturbances such as crosswinds in practical applications,ensuring the stability and reliable operation of the Multi-UGV system.展开更多
With the development of science and technology,there is an increasing demand for energy storage batteries.Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are expected to become the next generation of commercialized energy storage de...With the development of science and technology,there is an increasing demand for energy storage batteries.Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are expected to become the next generation of commercialized energy storage devices due to their advantages.The aqueous zinc ion battery is generally composed of zinc metal as the anode,active material as the cathode,and aqueous electrolyte.However,there are still many problems with the cathode/anode material and voltage window of the battery,which limit its use.This review introduces the recent research progress of zinc-ion batteries,including the advantages and disadvantages,energy storage mechanisms,and common cathode/anode materials,electrolytes,etc.It also gives a summary of the current research status of each material and provides solutions to the problems they face.Finally,it looks at the future direction and methods to optimize the performance of zinc-ion full batteries.展开更多
Alpine plants possess unique traits to adapt alpine environments.Whether leaf trait relationships of alpine plants can be captured by the two trait dimensions of organ size and resource economics is unknown.We hypothe...Alpine plants possess unique traits to adapt alpine environments.Whether leaf trait relationships of alpine plants can be captured by the two trait dimensions of organ size and resource economics is unknown.We hypothesized that,beyond the trait dimensions of leaf size and resource economics,nonstructured carbohydrates(NSC)would reflect a dimension of cold-tolerance in alpine plants.To test this hypothesis,we measured 12 leaf traits critical to leaf construction and growth in 143 species across 7 sites ranging from alpine steppes to alpine meadows along an environmental gradient on the Tibetan Plateau.Furthermore,a cold resistance experiment was conducted at one of these sites to estimate the lethal temperature causing 50%frost damage(LT_(50))of 11 alpine species.The majority of variations in 12 leaf traits of alpine plants were captured by three trait axes,in which leaf carbon(LCC)and NSC(including leaf starch;LSC and leaf soluble sugars;LSS)were clustered in a new dimension(PC3)beyond leaf size and structure,and resource economics.Although LCC,LSC and LSS all showed negative correlations with mean annual temperature,a significant negative correlation was only found between LSS and LT_(50).It indicated that PC3 was able to reflect the cold-tolerance of alpine plants to some extent,in which LSS was the most critical trait.The storage and transformation of NSC under stressful conditions could reflect a dimension of long-term metabolic adaptation and cold-tolerance,which is an extension of the resource-utilization strategy beyond construction cost and growth.展开更多
Technological advancements and the emphasis on reducing the use of hazardous materials,such as Pb,have led to the widely use of Sn-based Pb-free solder in advanced packaging technology.With the miniaturization of sold...Technological advancements and the emphasis on reducing the use of hazardous materials,such as Pb,have led to the widely use of Sn-based Pb-free solder in advanced packaging technology.With the miniaturization of solder joints,Sn-based micro solder joints often contain single or limitedβ-Sn grains.The strong anisotropy ofβ-Sn,which is significantly correlated with the reliability of the micro solder joints during service,requires the development of methods for controlling the orientations of theseβ-Sn grains.In this review,we focus on the anisotropy of theβ-Sn grains in micro solder joints and the interactions betweenβ-Sn grain orientation and reliability issues concerning electromigration(EM),thermomigration(TM),EM+TM,corrosion process,tensile and shear creep behavior,thermal cycling(TC)and cryogenic temperature.Furthermore,we summarize the strategies for controlling theβ-Sn orientation in micro solder joints.The methods include changing the solder joint size and composition,adding additives,nucleating on specific substrates and interfacial intermetallic compounds,with the aid of external loads during solidification process and introducing heredity effect of theβ-Sn texture during multi-reflow.Finally,the{101}and{301}twinning models with∼60°rotations about a common〈100〉are adopted to explain the mechanism ofβ-Sn grain nucleation and morphology.The shortcomings of the existing methods and the further potential for the development in the field are discussed to promote the application of Pb-free solders in advanced packaging.展开更多
One-dimensional nanomaterials with hollow structures could provide large space for ion storage and charge accumulation.Herein,TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-Carbon nanotube composite(NT)materials were designed and fabricated by the...One-dimensional nanomaterials with hollow structures could provide large space for ion storage and charge accumulation.Herein,TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-Carbon nanotube composite(NT)materials were designed and fabricated by the template method and the chelation coordination reaction.The stability and conductivity were improved by the presence of titanium and hollow tubular-architecture carbon in the whole structure.As a result,the as-prepared TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-Carbon hybrid achieved a high-rate performance of 760.0 mAh·g^(−1) at a current density of 0.1 A·g^(−1),while still obtaining stability after 300 charge/discharge cycles.The enhancement of the lithium storage capacity mainly contributed to the acceleration of the electron conductivity and the storage kinetics.Moreover,the hollow structure reduced the volume strain and stress caused by the rapid insertion and removal of lithium ions,which ensured the favorable stability of lithium storage.The experiment shows that the kinetic of the TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-carbon hybrid during the lithium storage process is dominated by the pseudocapacitance mechanism.This work provides a new idea and scheme for the design and preparation of hierarchical nanotube composite electrode materials.展开更多
Quantumdot inks(QDIs)represent an emerging functionalmaterial that integrates nanotechnology and fluid engineering,demonstrating significant application potential in flexible optoelectronics and high-color gamut displ...Quantumdot inks(QDIs)represent an emerging functionalmaterial that integrates nanotechnology and fluid engineering,demonstrating significant application potential in flexible optoelectronics and high-color gamut displays.Their wide applicability is due to a unique quantum confinement effect that enables precise spectral tunability and solution-processable properties.However,the complex fluid dynamics associated with QDIs at micro-/nano-scales severely limit the accuracy of inkjet printing and pattern deposition.This review systematically addresses recent advances in the hydrodynamics of QDIs,establishing scientific mechanisms and key technical breakthroughs from an interdisciplinary perspective.Current research has focused on three optimization directions:(1)regulating ligand structures to enhance colloidal stability,flow consistency,and anti-shear performance while mitigating nanoparticle aggregation;(2)incorporating low-viscosity or high-volatility solvents and surface tension modifiers to modify droplet dynamic characteristics and suppress the“coffee-ring”effect;(3)integrating advanced technologies such as electrohydrodynamic jetting and microfluidic targeted deposition to achieve submicron pattern resolution and high film uniformity,expanding adaptability in flexible electronics,biosensing,and anti-counterfeiting printing.A comparison of current technical routes and critical performance indicators has identified the dominant variables that influence QDI macroscopic/microscopic properties.A comprehensive analytical framework is presented which spans material structure,rheological behavior,manufacturing processes,and functional characteristics.Moreover,a proposed engineering‘structure–parameter–behavior–performance’serves to link core–shell structure,formulation parameters(e.g.,viscosity and surface tension),fluidic behavior(e.g.,shear thinning and Marangoni flow),and device performance(e.g.,resolution and photoluminescence efficiency).The findings provide theoretical support and decision-making guidance for the large-scale application and interdisciplinary expansion of QDIs.展开更多
The metal-carbon dioxide batteries,emerging as high-energy-density energy storage devices,enable direct CO_(2)utilization,offering promising prospects for CO_(2)capture and utilization,energy conversion,and storage.Ho...The metal-carbon dioxide batteries,emerging as high-energy-density energy storage devices,enable direct CO_(2)utilization,offering promising prospects for CO_(2)capture and utilization,energy conversion,and storage.However,the electrochemical performance of M-CO_(2)batteries faces significant challenges,particularly at extreme temperatures.Issues such as high overpotential,poor charge reversibility,and cycling capacity decay arise from complex reaction interfaces,sluggish oxidation kinetics,inefficient catalysts,dendrite growth,and unstable electrolytes.Despite significant advancements at room temperature,limited research has focused on the performance of M-CO_(2)batteries across a wide-temperature range.This review examines the effects of low and high temperatures on M-CO_(2)battery components and their reaction mechanism,as well as the advancements made in extending operational ranges from room temperature to extremely low and high temperatures.It discusses strategies to enhance electrochemical performance at extreme temperatures and outlines opportunities,challenges,and future directions for the development of M-CO_(2)batteries.展开更多
To advance the application of layered oxide cathodes in fast-charging sodium-ion batteries,it is crucial to not only suppress irreversible phase transitions but also improve the rate capability of cathode materials an...To advance the application of layered oxide cathodes in fast-charging sodium-ion batteries,it is crucial to not only suppress irreversible phase transitions but also improve the rate capability of cathode materials and optimize Na^(+)diffusion kinetics to ensure high capacity output at various charge-discharge rates.In this research,the targeted F-substitution with a heavy ratio in oxygen anion layer optimizes the Na^(+)diffusion path and electronic conductivity of the material,thereby decreasing the Na^(+)diffusion barrier and imparting high-rate performance.At a 20 C rate,the cathode achieves a capacity of over 80 mAh g^(-1)with stable cycling performance.Additionally,the dual rivet effect between the transition metal layer and oxygen layer prevents significant phase transitions during charge/discharge within the 2-4.2 V range for the modified cathode.As a result,the F-substituted oxygen anion layer improved Na^(+)diffusion,electronic conductivity,and crystal plane structure stability,which led to the development of a highperformance,fast-charging sodium-ion battery(SIB),opening new avenues for commercial applications.展开更多
The TSJT1 protein belongs to the class-II glutamine amidotransferase(GATase)superfamily.Research on the functions and underlying mechanisms of TSJT1 in plants is limited.In this study,the abscisic acid(ABA)-inducible ...The TSJT1 protein belongs to the class-II glutamine amidotransferase(GATase)superfamily.Research on the functions and underlying mechanisms of TSJT1 in plants is limited.In this study,the abscisic acid(ABA)-inducible gene IbTSJT1 was isolated from drought-tolerant sweetpotato line Xushu 55-2.Its expression was strongly induced by PEG6000 and ABA.The IbTSJT1 protein was localized in the nucleus and cell membrane.IbTSJT1-overexpressing sweetpotato plants exhibited significantly enhanced drought tolerance.Their ABA and proline contents and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities were increased,and their reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging-related genes were upregulated under drought stress.The stomatal aperture assay confirmed that the IbTSJT1-overexpressing plants had greater sensitivity to ABA.The results of yeast onehybrid(Y1H)assay,electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-qPCR assay indicated that IbABF2 can directly bind to the cis-acting ABA-responsive element(ABRE)in the IbTSJT1 promoter to activate the expression of IbTSJT1.These findings suggest that IbTSJT1 mediates ABA-dependent drought stress responses and enhances drought tolerance by inducing stomatal closure and activating the ROS scavenging system in transgenic sweetpotato.Our study provides a novel gene for improving drought tolerance in sweetpotato and other plants.展开更多
Composite solid-state electrolytes(CSEs)are promising candidates for solid-state sodium batteries.However,achieving high ionic conductivity while maintaining adequate mechanical strength presents a significant challen...Composite solid-state electrolytes(CSEs)are promising candidates for solid-state sodium batteries.However,achieving high ionic conductivity while maintaining adequate mechanical strength presents a significant challenge.For roll-to-roll manufacturing,researchers have sought to incorporate an inert framework,such as polyethylene(PE)separators,as substrates for ultra-thin CSEs membranes.Nevertheless,these inert substrates result in poor ionic conductivity and uneven sodium ion(Na^(+))flux,promoting sodium dendrite growth.Here,we propose a flexible and ion-conducting framework based on polymer-reinforced-ceramic(PRC)electrospun fibers.This design features a poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)-based polymer electrolyte as a flexible core and an Na_(3)Zr_(2)Si_(2)PO_(12)(NZSP)-based ceramic electrolyte as a rigid shell.A continuous Na^(+)conduction pathway is created in the PRC fiber by taking advantage of the superior Na^(+)-conduction behavior along the interface between NZSP nanoparticles and PVDF polymer.A tape-casted ultra-thin composite electrolyte membrane(thickness:17.8μm)based on the PRC three-dimensional(3D)framework exhibits sufficient ionic conductivity(6.6×10^(-4)S cm^(-1),60℃)and enables a stable Na plating/stripping in symmetric Na/Na cells and a long-term cycling of solidstate Na-metal batteries.The suppressed sodium dendrite can be attributed to the Na_(3)P-rich SEIs derived from the NZSP shells in the PRC frameworks.This work provides a novel strategy for designing ionconducting frameworks for ultra-thin CSEs membranes and promotes potential applications in highperformance solid-state sodium metal batteries.展开更多
This paper studies the problem of designing a modelbased decentralized dynamic periodic event-triggering mechanism(DDPETM)for networked control systems(NCSs)subject to packet losses and external disturbances.Firstly,t...This paper studies the problem of designing a modelbased decentralized dynamic periodic event-triggering mechanism(DDPETM)for networked control systems(NCSs)subject to packet losses and external disturbances.Firstly,the entire NCSs,comprising the triggering mechanism,packet losses and output-based controller,are unified into a hybrid dynamical framework.Secondly,by introducing dynamic triggering variables,the DDPETM is designed to conserve network resources while guaranteeing desired performance properties and tolerating the maximum allowable number of successive packet losses.Thirdly,some stability conditions are derived using the Lyapunov approach.Differing from the zero-order-hold(ZOH)case,the model-based control sufficiently exploits the model information at the controller side.Between two updates,the controller predicts the plant state based on the models and received feedback information.With the model-based control,less transmission may be expected than with ZOH.Finally,numerical examples and comparative experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
In this study, novel Carbon aerogel (CA)/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon (C) composites with a double protective structure are synthesized through a solvothermal method and in-situ polymeriz...In this study, novel Carbon aerogel (CA)/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon (C) composites with a double protective structure are synthesized through a solvothermal method and in-situ polymerization. The morphology and structure are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The loading content of active anode material <span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub> in the composite is investigated by thermogravimetry, and the electrochemical properties of the composite are characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The SEM results show that the nano-sized spherical <span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub> particle is adhered to the inner Carbon aerogel (CA). The HRTEM result indicates the thickness of the prepared Carbon (C) up to 40 nm. Nano-sheet is coated on the surface of the <span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub> particle. Compared with the pure <span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub> anode materials, the Carbon aerogel (CA)/<span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub>/Carbon (C) composites have better transport kinetics for both electron and lithium-ion in EIS testing results, which may contribute to its higher specific capacity and higher first coulomb efficiency. Due to the unique structure of the composite material with double protection against the volume expansion of <span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub> when charged, the Carbon aerogel (CA)/<span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub>/Carbon (C) composite material exhibits better cycle stability with a discharge capacity of 1180 mAh/g after 50 cycles. Therefore, the double protection strategy is verified as an effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of transition metal oxide with carbon composite as an anode material in lithium battery.展开更多
基金financially supported by the MOS of China (No. 2017YFB0703300)the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No. 51673117)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen (Nos. JSGG20160226201833790, JCYJ20150625102750478)
文摘Polystyrene(PS) fibers with core-shell structures were fabricated by coaxial electrostatic spinning,[10_TD$IF]in which there are liquid epoxy or curing agent as the core and PS as the shell. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra and optical microscope were utilized for charactering the morphology and composition of the fibers. Composite coatings embedded with the healant-loaded coreshell fibers have been prepared and the self-healing of the scratch on the coatings has been revealed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61901409 and 61961013Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.20202BABL212001Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea under Grant No.MRUKF2021034.
文摘Compressed Sensing(CS)is a Machine Learning(ML)method,which can be regarded as a single-layer unsupervised learning method.It mainly emphasizes the sparsity of the model.In this paper,we study an ML-based CS Channel Estimation(CE)method for wireless communications,which plays an important role in Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)applications.For the sparse correlation between channels in Multiple Input Multiple Output Filter Bank MultiCarrier with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(MIMO-FBMC/OQAM)systems,a Distributed Compressed Sensing(DCS)-based CE approach is studied.A distributed sparse adaptive weak selection threshold method is proposed for CE.Firstly,the correlation between MIMO channels is utilized to represent a joint sparse model,and CE is transformed into a joint sparse signal reconstruction problem.Then,the number of correlation atoms for inner product operation is optimized by weak selection threshold,and sparse signal reconstruction is realized by sparse adaptation.The experiment results show that the proposed DCS-based method not only estimates the multipath channel components accurately but also achieves higher CE performance than classical Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP)method and other traditional DCS methods in the time-frequency dual selective channels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208221,22178221)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2024A1515011078,2024A1515011507)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20220818095805012,JCYJ20230808105109019)the Start-up Research Funding of Shenzhen University(No.868-000001032522).
文摘The deterioration of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is confronted with challenges such as unregulated Zn^(2+)diffusion,dendrite growth and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments.Here,a design concept of eutectic electrolyte is presented by mixing long chain polymer molecules,polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether(PEGDME),with H_(2)O based on zinc trifluoromethyl sulfonate(Zn(OTf)2),to reconstruct the Zn^(2+)solvated structure and in situ modified the adsorption layer on Zn electrode surface.Molecular dynamics simulations(MD),density functional theory(DFT)calculations were combined with experiment to prove that the long-chain polymer-PEGDME could effectively reduce side reactions,change the solvation structure of the electrolyte and priority absorbed on Zn(002),achieving a stable dendrite-free Zn anode.Due to the comprehensive regulation of solvation structure and zinc deposition by PEGDME,it can stably cycle for over 3200 h at room temperature at 0.5 mA/cm^(2)and 0.5 mAh/cm^(2).Even at high-temperature environments of 60℃,it can steadily work for more than 800 cycles(1600 h).Improved cyclic stability and rate performance of aqueous Zn‖VO_(2)batteries in modified electrolyte were also achieved at both room and high temperatures.Beyond that,the demonstration of stable and high-capacity Zn‖VO_(2)pouch cells also implies its practical application.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2431048)The Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,China(KJZDK202300807)The Chongqing Natural Science Foundation,China(CSTB2024NSCQQCXMX0052).
文摘This paper addresses the consensus problem of nonlinear multi-agent systems subject to external disturbances and uncertainties under denial-ofservice(DoS)attacks.Firstly,an observer-based state feedback control method is employed to achieve secure control by estimating the system's state in real time.Secondly,by combining a memory-based adaptive eventtriggered mechanism with neural networks,the paper aims to approximate the nonlinear terms in the networked system and efficiently conserve system resources.Finally,based on a two-degree-of-freedom model of a vehicle affected by crosswinds,this paper constructs a multi-unmanned ground vehicle(Multi-UGV)system to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively handle external disturbances such as crosswinds in practical applications,ensuring the stability and reliable operation of the Multi-UGV system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20140)the Jinan City-School Integration Development Strategy Project(No.JNSX2023015)+3 种基金Independent Cultivation Program of Innovation Team of Ji’nan City(No.202333042)the University of Jinan Disciplinary Cross-Convergence Construction Project 2023(No.XKJC-202309)the Youth Innovation Group Plan of Shandong Province(No.2022KJ095)Project supported by State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha,China。
文摘With the development of science and technology,there is an increasing demand for energy storage batteries.Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are expected to become the next generation of commercialized energy storage devices due to their advantages.The aqueous zinc ion battery is generally composed of zinc metal as the anode,active material as the cathode,and aqueous electrolyte.However,there are still many problems with the cathode/anode material and voltage window of the battery,which limit its use.This review introduces the recent research progress of zinc-ion batteries,including the advantages and disadvantages,energy storage mechanisms,and common cathode/anode materials,electrolytes,etc.It also gives a summary of the current research status of each material and provides solutions to the problems they face.Finally,it looks at the future direction and methods to optimize the performance of zinc-ion full batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32192461,32271619 and 32160285)the Natural Science Foundation of Science&Technology Department of Qinghai(2020-ZJ-952Q).
文摘Alpine plants possess unique traits to adapt alpine environments.Whether leaf trait relationships of alpine plants can be captured by the two trait dimensions of organ size and resource economics is unknown.We hypothesized that,beyond the trait dimensions of leaf size and resource economics,nonstructured carbohydrates(NSC)would reflect a dimension of cold-tolerance in alpine plants.To test this hypothesis,we measured 12 leaf traits critical to leaf construction and growth in 143 species across 7 sites ranging from alpine steppes to alpine meadows along an environmental gradient on the Tibetan Plateau.Furthermore,a cold resistance experiment was conducted at one of these sites to estimate the lethal temperature causing 50%frost damage(LT_(50))of 11 alpine species.The majority of variations in 12 leaf traits of alpine plants were captured by three trait axes,in which leaf carbon(LCC)and NSC(including leaf starch;LSC and leaf soluble sugars;LSS)were clustered in a new dimension(PC3)beyond leaf size and structure,and resource economics.Although LCC,LSC and LSS all showed negative correlations with mean annual temperature,a significant negative correlation was only found between LSS and LT_(50).It indicated that PC3 was able to reflect the cold-tolerance of alpine plants to some extent,in which LSS was the most critical trait.The storage and transformation of NSC under stressful conditions could reflect a dimension of long-term metabolic adaptation and cold-tolerance,which is an extension of the resource-utilization strategy beyond construction cost and growth.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075072)the Provincial Applied Basic Research Program of Liaoning Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2023JH2/101300181)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2022CXGC020408)。
文摘Technological advancements and the emphasis on reducing the use of hazardous materials,such as Pb,have led to the widely use of Sn-based Pb-free solder in advanced packaging technology.With the miniaturization of solder joints,Sn-based micro solder joints often contain single or limitedβ-Sn grains.The strong anisotropy ofβ-Sn,which is significantly correlated with the reliability of the micro solder joints during service,requires the development of methods for controlling the orientations of theseβ-Sn grains.In this review,we focus on the anisotropy of theβ-Sn grains in micro solder joints and the interactions betweenβ-Sn grain orientation and reliability issues concerning electromigration(EM),thermomigration(TM),EM+TM,corrosion process,tensile and shear creep behavior,thermal cycling(TC)and cryogenic temperature.Furthermore,we summarize the strategies for controlling theβ-Sn orientation in micro solder joints.The methods include changing the solder joint size and composition,adding additives,nucleating on specific substrates and interfacial intermetallic compounds,with the aid of external loads during solidification process and introducing heredity effect of theβ-Sn texture during multi-reflow.Finally,the{101}and{301}twinning models with∼60°rotations about a common〈100〉are adopted to explain the mechanism ofβ-Sn grain nucleation and morphology.The shortcomings of the existing methods and the further potential for the development in the field are discussed to promote the application of Pb-free solders in advanced packaging.
基金supported by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU)China(No.2022-QZ-03)+2 种基金the Open Research Fund of National Key Laboratory of Special Vehicle Design,Manufacturing Integration Technology(No.GZ2022KF001).Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20210324142805014)Shaanxi Province Youth Science,Technology New Star(No.2022KJXX-20)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(No.sklpme2022-4-05).
文摘One-dimensional nanomaterials with hollow structures could provide large space for ion storage and charge accumulation.Herein,TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-Carbon nanotube composite(NT)materials were designed and fabricated by the template method and the chelation coordination reaction.The stability and conductivity were improved by the presence of titanium and hollow tubular-architecture carbon in the whole structure.As a result,the as-prepared TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-Carbon hybrid achieved a high-rate performance of 760.0 mAh·g^(−1) at a current density of 0.1 A·g^(−1),while still obtaining stability after 300 charge/discharge cycles.The enhancement of the lithium storage capacity mainly contributed to the acceleration of the electron conductivity and the storage kinetics.Moreover,the hollow structure reduced the volume strain and stress caused by the rapid insertion and removal of lithium ions,which ensured the favorable stability of lithium storage.The experiment shows that the kinetic of the TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-carbon hybrid during the lithium storage process is dominated by the pseudocapacitance mechanism.This work provides a new idea and scheme for the design and preparation of hierarchical nanotube composite electrode materials.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Polytechnic Research Fund(6023310025K)Post-doctoral Later-stage Foundation Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic(6023271017K)Horizontal Technology Development Project(6024260101K).
文摘Quantumdot inks(QDIs)represent an emerging functionalmaterial that integrates nanotechnology and fluid engineering,demonstrating significant application potential in flexible optoelectronics and high-color gamut displays.Their wide applicability is due to a unique quantum confinement effect that enables precise spectral tunability and solution-processable properties.However,the complex fluid dynamics associated with QDIs at micro-/nano-scales severely limit the accuracy of inkjet printing and pattern deposition.This review systematically addresses recent advances in the hydrodynamics of QDIs,establishing scientific mechanisms and key technical breakthroughs from an interdisciplinary perspective.Current research has focused on three optimization directions:(1)regulating ligand structures to enhance colloidal stability,flow consistency,and anti-shear performance while mitigating nanoparticle aggregation;(2)incorporating low-viscosity or high-volatility solvents and surface tension modifiers to modify droplet dynamic characteristics and suppress the“coffee-ring”effect;(3)integrating advanced technologies such as electrohydrodynamic jetting and microfluidic targeted deposition to achieve submicron pattern resolution and high film uniformity,expanding adaptability in flexible electronics,biosensing,and anti-counterfeiting printing.A comparison of current technical routes and critical performance indicators has identified the dominant variables that influence QDI macroscopic/microscopic properties.A comprehensive analytical framework is presented which spans material structure,rheological behavior,manufacturing processes,and functional characteristics.Moreover,a proposed engineering‘structure–parameter–behavior–performance’serves to link core–shell structure,formulation parameters(e.g.,viscosity and surface tension),fluidic behavior(e.g.,shear thinning and Marangoni flow),and device performance(e.g.,resolution and photoluminescence efficiency).The findings provide theoretical support and decision-making guidance for the large-scale application and interdisciplinary expansion of QDIs.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52201278,No.21975260,No.22379103,No.22409074).
文摘The metal-carbon dioxide batteries,emerging as high-energy-density energy storage devices,enable direct CO_(2)utilization,offering promising prospects for CO_(2)capture and utilization,energy conversion,and storage.However,the electrochemical performance of M-CO_(2)batteries faces significant challenges,particularly at extreme temperatures.Issues such as high overpotential,poor charge reversibility,and cycling capacity decay arise from complex reaction interfaces,sluggish oxidation kinetics,inefficient catalysts,dendrite growth,and unstable electrolytes.Despite significant advancements at room temperature,limited research has focused on the performance of M-CO_(2)batteries across a wide-temperature range.This review examines the effects of low and high temperatures on M-CO_(2)battery components and their reaction mechanism,as well as the advancements made in extending operational ranges from room temperature to extremely low and high temperatures.It discusses strategies to enhance electrochemical performance at extreme temperatures and outlines opportunities,challenges,and future directions for the development of M-CO_(2)batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178221,22208221)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20220818095805012,JCYJ20230808105109019)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2024A1515011078,2024A1515011507)the Scientific Foundation for Youth Scholars of Shenzhen University(868-000001032522,827-0001004)the Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University for the assistance with the Electron Microscope technical support。
文摘To advance the application of layered oxide cathodes in fast-charging sodium-ion batteries,it is crucial to not only suppress irreversible phase transitions but also improve the rate capability of cathode materials and optimize Na^(+)diffusion kinetics to ensure high capacity output at various charge-discharge rates.In this research,the targeted F-substitution with a heavy ratio in oxygen anion layer optimizes the Na^(+)diffusion path and electronic conductivity of the material,thereby decreasing the Na^(+)diffusion barrier and imparting high-rate performance.At a 20 C rate,the cathode achieves a capacity of over 80 mAh g^(-1)with stable cycling performance.Additionally,the dual rivet effect between the transition metal layer and oxygen layer prevents significant phase transitions during charge/discharge within the 2-4.2 V range for the modified cathode.As a result,the F-substituted oxygen anion layer improved Na^(+)diffusion,electronic conductivity,and crystal plane structure stability,which led to the development of a highperformance,fast-charging sodium-ion battery(SIB),opening new avenues for commercial applications.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for CARS-10-Sweetpotato and the Beijing Food Crops Innovation Consortium Program,China(BJLSTD03)。
文摘The TSJT1 protein belongs to the class-II glutamine amidotransferase(GATase)superfamily.Research on the functions and underlying mechanisms of TSJT1 in plants is limited.In this study,the abscisic acid(ABA)-inducible gene IbTSJT1 was isolated from drought-tolerant sweetpotato line Xushu 55-2.Its expression was strongly induced by PEG6000 and ABA.The IbTSJT1 protein was localized in the nucleus and cell membrane.IbTSJT1-overexpressing sweetpotato plants exhibited significantly enhanced drought tolerance.Their ABA and proline contents and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities were increased,and their reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging-related genes were upregulated under drought stress.The stomatal aperture assay confirmed that the IbTSJT1-overexpressing plants had greater sensitivity to ABA.The results of yeast onehybrid(Y1H)assay,electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-qPCR assay indicated that IbABF2 can directly bind to the cis-acting ABA-responsive element(ABRE)in the IbTSJT1 promoter to activate the expression of IbTSJT1.These findings suggest that IbTSJT1 mediates ABA-dependent drought stress responses and enhances drought tolerance by inducing stomatal closure and activating the ROS scavenging system in transgenic sweetpotato.Our study provides a novel gene for improving drought tolerance in sweetpotato and other plants.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2503900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12474171 and 52372203)。
文摘Composite solid-state electrolytes(CSEs)are promising candidates for solid-state sodium batteries.However,achieving high ionic conductivity while maintaining adequate mechanical strength presents a significant challenge.For roll-to-roll manufacturing,researchers have sought to incorporate an inert framework,such as polyethylene(PE)separators,as substrates for ultra-thin CSEs membranes.Nevertheless,these inert substrates result in poor ionic conductivity and uneven sodium ion(Na^(+))flux,promoting sodium dendrite growth.Here,we propose a flexible and ion-conducting framework based on polymer-reinforced-ceramic(PRC)electrospun fibers.This design features a poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)-based polymer electrolyte as a flexible core and an Na_(3)Zr_(2)Si_(2)PO_(12)(NZSP)-based ceramic electrolyte as a rigid shell.A continuous Na^(+)conduction pathway is created in the PRC fiber by taking advantage of the superior Na^(+)-conduction behavior along the interface between NZSP nanoparticles and PVDF polymer.A tape-casted ultra-thin composite electrolyte membrane(thickness:17.8μm)based on the PRC three-dimensional(3D)framework exhibits sufficient ionic conductivity(6.6×10^(-4)S cm^(-1),60℃)and enables a stable Na plating/stripping in symmetric Na/Na cells and a long-term cycling of solidstate Na-metal batteries.The suppressed sodium dendrite can be attributed to the Na_(3)P-rich SEIs derived from the NZSP shells in the PRC frameworks.This work provides a novel strategy for designing ionconducting frameworks for ultra-thin CSEs membranes and promotes potential applications in highperformance solid-state sodium metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20477,61722302,61573069,61903290)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT19ZD218).
文摘This paper studies the problem of designing a modelbased decentralized dynamic periodic event-triggering mechanism(DDPETM)for networked control systems(NCSs)subject to packet losses and external disturbances.Firstly,the entire NCSs,comprising the triggering mechanism,packet losses and output-based controller,are unified into a hybrid dynamical framework.Secondly,by introducing dynamic triggering variables,the DDPETM is designed to conserve network resources while guaranteeing desired performance properties and tolerating the maximum allowable number of successive packet losses.Thirdly,some stability conditions are derived using the Lyapunov approach.Differing from the zero-order-hold(ZOH)case,the model-based control sufficiently exploits the model information at the controller side.Between two updates,the controller predicts the plant state based on the models and received feedback information.With the model-based control,less transmission may be expected than with ZOH.Finally,numerical examples and comparative experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘In this study, novel Carbon aerogel (CA)/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Carbon (C) composites with a double protective structure are synthesized through a solvothermal method and in-situ polymerization. The morphology and structure are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The loading content of active anode material <span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub> in the composite is investigated by thermogravimetry, and the electrochemical properties of the composite are characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The SEM results show that the nano-sized spherical <span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub> particle is adhered to the inner Carbon aerogel (CA). The HRTEM result indicates the thickness of the prepared Carbon (C) up to 40 nm. Nano-sheet is coated on the surface of the <span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub> particle. Compared with the pure <span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub> anode materials, the Carbon aerogel (CA)/<span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub>/Carbon (C) composites have better transport kinetics for both electron and lithium-ion in EIS testing results, which may contribute to its higher specific capacity and higher first coulomb efficiency. Due to the unique structure of the composite material with double protection against the volume expansion of <span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub> when charged, the Carbon aerogel (CA)/<span style="white-space:normal;">Co</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">3</sub><span style="white-space:normal;">O</span><sub style="white-space:normal;">4</sub>/Carbon (C) composite material exhibits better cycle stability with a discharge capacity of 1180 mAh/g after 50 cycles. Therefore, the double protection strategy is verified as an effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of transition metal oxide with carbon composite as an anode material in lithium battery.
