Horizontal fracture-simulated completions remain the most reliable method of producing hydrocarbons from shale formations. The vast majority of unconventional wells are completed using the “Plug and Perf” method. Th...Horizontal fracture-simulated completions remain the most reliable method of producing hydrocarbons from shale formations. The vast majority of unconventional wells are completed using the “Plug and Perf” method. This method involves using either a coiled tubing (CT) with a positive displacement motor or a jointed pipe to mill out composite plugs after fracturing operations are completed. An estimated average of 120,000 composite plugs is installed in the US alone each year. Bridge plug drillouts from milling operations tend to accumulate in horizontal wells and can cause stuck pipe incidents and loss of well control. Efficient removal of composite plugs’ debris is crucial in achieving operational efficacies and full production potential. This paper provides an overview of the various bridge plug drillouts cleaning practices adopted in horizontal wells. It discusses several case histories, showcasing how operators solved cleanout challenges. Developed mechanistic models to better understand hole cleaning are also reviewed. As more unconventional wells are being set at more extensive depths, an economical and optimized coiled tubing process becomes increasingly important. This paper focuses on delivering a more conclusive set of recommendations to increase efficiency and improve current composite plug coiled tubing cleaning-milling practices, increase operational efficiency and reduce cost.展开更多
Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death,with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue.However,the optimal timing and underlying therapeutic mechanisms o...Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death,with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue.However,the optimal timing and underlying therapeutic mechanisms of exosome treatment require further elucidation.In this study,we used a murine model of middle cerebral artery occlusion to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes administered intravenously at an early(6 hours)or delayed(3 days)time point post-ischemia.Compared with delayed treatment,early administration of exosomes resulted in significantly superior efficacy,as evidenced by improved neurological function scores and reduced infarct volumes.Transcriptomic analysis of brain tissues from mice receiving early exosome treatment revealed marked downregulation of inflammation-related genes,including Ccl2,Ccl5,Cxcl10,Il-1β,Il-6,Itgam,Itgax,and Tnf-α.Metabolomic profiling of these brain tissues further identified modulation of key metabolites,including trimethylamine N-oxide,glutathione,1-stearoyl-rac-glycerol,and phosphatidylcholine,suggesting that alteration of metabolic pathways contributes to the therapeutic effect.Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis pinpointed significant modulation of pathways involving metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid,lysine,propanoate,and tyrosine.These findings suggest that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes,particularly when administered early post-ischemia,exert their neuroprotective effects by broadly suppressing inflammatory pathways and modulating key metabolic processes in the ischemic brain,highlighting their potential as a therapeutic intervention for ischemic stroke.展开更多
Heterogeneous polymerization represents a widely employed method in the polyolefin industry.In recent years,various heterogenization strategies for late transition metal catalysts have been developed,enabling effectiv...Heterogeneous polymerization represents a widely employed method in the polyolefin industry.In recent years,various heterogenization strategies for late transition metal catalysts have been developed,enabling effective control of polymer morphology and optimization of catalytic performance.However,while most studies have focused on designing anchoring groups and advancing support approaches,systematic investigations into how the support influences the catalytic behavior of the late transition metal catalysts.In this work,we fabricated supported α-diimine nickel catalysts by functionalizing the ligand with alkyl alcohol chains of varying lengths and supporting them onto MgCl_(2)supports.The ethylene polymerization behavior of these catalysts was then investigated.By precisely adjusting the alkyl alcohol chain length,the distance between the catalytically active metal center and the support surface was modulated.This approach demonstrates that support-induced steric hindrance effect can be effectively regulated by controlling the separation distance between the metal center and the support surface.展开更多
The poor surface conditions and osseointegration capacity of 3D printed Ti6Al4V implants(3DPT)significantly influence their performance as orthopedic and dental implants.In this work,we creatively introduce a one-step...The poor surface conditions and osseointegration capacity of 3D printed Ti6Al4V implants(3DPT)significantly influence their performance as orthopedic and dental implants.In this work,we creatively introduce a one-step femtosecond laser treatment to improve the surface conditions and osteointegration.The surface characterization,mechanical properties,corrosion resistance,and biological responses were investigated.These results found that femtosecond laser eliminated defects like embedded powders and superficial cracks while forming the nano cones-like structures surface on 3DPT,leading to enhanced osseointegration,anti-corrosion,and anti-fatigue performance.Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the ablation removal mechanism and the formation of nano cone-like structures.These findings were further supported by the in vivo studies,showing that the FS-treated implants had superior bone-implant contact and osseointegration.Hence,the one-step femtosecond laser method is regarded as a promising surface modification method for improving the functional performance of Ti-based orthopedic implants.展开更多
Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longr...Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longrange continuous structure of the nanofiber,ion-charged groups can be induced to form long-range continuous ion transfer channels in the nanofiber composite membrane,significantly increasing the ion conductivity of the membrane.This review stands apart from previous endeavors by offering a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed over the past decade in utilizing both electrospun and natural nanofibers as key components of proton exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes for fuel cells.Electrospun nanofibers are categorized based on their material properties into two primary groups:(1)ionomer nanofibers,inherently endowed with the ability to conduct H+(such as perfluorosulfonic acid or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone))or OH-(e.g.,FAA-3),and(2)nonionic polymer nanofibers,comprising inert polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride,polytetrafluoroethylene,and polyacrylonitrile.Notably,the latter often necessitates surface modifications to impart ion transport channels,given their inherent proton inertness.Furthermore,this review delves into the recent progress made with three natural nanofibers derived from biodegradable cellulose—cellulose nanocrystals,cellulose nanofibers,and bacterial nanofibers—as crucial elements in polyelectrolyte membranes.The effect of the physical structure of such nanofibers on polyelectrolyte membrane properties is also briefly discussed.Lastly,the review emphasizes the challenges and outlines potential solutions for future research in the field of nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes,aiming to propel the development of high-performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells.展开更多
The complex of calcineurin B-like protein(CBL)and CBL-interacting protein kinase(CIPK)serves as key components in calcium-sensing,orchestrating various signals crucial for plant growth,development,and responses to bio...The complex of calcineurin B-like protein(CBL)and CBL-interacting protein kinase(CIPK)serves as key components in calcium-sensing,orchestrating various signals crucial for plant growth,development,and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.However,the mechanism underlying the response of this module to cold stress and its role in flower development in wintersweet(Chimonanthus praecox)remains unclear.Through expression pattern analysis,calcium ion(Ca^(2+))concentration assays,correlation analysis,and linear regression analysis,we found that the[Ca^(2+)],along with CpCBL8 and CpCIPK9 expression levels in wintersweet flower buds(FBs),significantly decreased during the initial flowering stage when the chilling requirement reached 570 chill units(CU).Notably,there was a significant positive correlation between[Ca^(2+)]and CpCBL8 expression.Ca^(2+)increased the expression of Cp CBL8 and CpCIPK9 in FBs,causing a significant delay in the flowering of wintersweet.Furthermore,the function of CpCBL8 was studied using heterologous transformation.Overexpression of CpCBL8 significantly delayed flowering time and significantly reduced cold tolerance and altered the expression pattern of endogenous genes related to low-temperature stress and flower development in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.Additionally,transcriptome analysis of chilling-induced dormancy breaking and flower bud enlargement revealed that CpCBL8 and CpCIPK9 were negatively regulated by cold,and the expression pattern of endogenous genes related to flower development and cold stress in wintersweet were similar to that of in A.thaliana.Moreover,protein-protein interaction(PPI)analysis revealed that CpCBL8 and CpCIPK9 interacted in the plasma membrane and nucleus.On the basis of these findings,we speculated that the CpCBL8-CpCIPK9 module plays a crucial role in regulating responses to cold stress and flower development in wintersweet.This study elucidated molecular mechanisms through which the downregulation of the Ca^(2+)-induced CpCBL8-CpCIPK9 module results in dormancy breaking and enhances cold tolerance.This study provides valuable insights for the cultivation of new varieties of wintersweet with increased ornamental value and enhanced cold stress tolerance.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Myeloid cell （TREM-1） is an important mediator of the signal transduction pathway in inflammatory response. In this study, a mouse model of acute lung injury （ALl） by intraperitoneal injection of lipo...BACKGROUND： Myeloid cell （TREM-1） is an important mediator of the signal transduction pathway in inflammatory response. In this study, a mouse model of acute lung injury （ALl） by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） was established to observe the expression pattern of TREM-1 in lung tissue and the role of TREM-1 in pulmonary inflammatory response to ALl.METHODS： Thirty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into a normal control group （n=6） and an ALl group （n=24）. The model of ALl was made by intraperitonal injection of LPS in dose of 10 mg/ kg. Specimens from peripheral blood and lung tissue were collected 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after LPS injection. RT-PCR was used to detect TREM-1 mRNA, and ELISA was employed for detection of TREM-1 protein and TNF-a protein, and HE staining was performed for the pathological Smith lung scoring under a light microscope.RESULTS： The expressions of TREM-1 mRNAin lung tissue and blood of the ALl group 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after injection of LPS were higher than those in the control group. The levels of TREM- 1 protein and the levels of TNF-a protein in lung tissue of the ALl group 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after LPS injection were higher than those of the control group; the level of TREM-1 protein peaked 12 hours after LPS injection, but it was not significantly correlated with the expression of TREM-1 mRNA （P=0.14）; the TNF-a concentration was positively correlated with TREM-1 levels in lung tissue and with Smith pathological score （r=0.795, P=0.001 ：r=0.499, P=0.034）, but not with the expression of TREM-1 mRNA （P=0.176）.CONCLUSION： The expression of TREM-1 mRNA in lung tissue of mice with ALl is elevated, and the expression of TREM-1 mRNA is related to the level of TNF-a and the severity of inflammatory response to ALl. The expressions of the TREM-1 gene are not consistent with the levels of TREM-1 protein, suggesting a new functional protein involved in immune regulation.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> Load identification method is one of the major technical difficulties of non-intrusive composite monitoring. Binary V-I trajectory image can reflect the original V-I t...<div style="text-align:justify;"> Load identification method is one of the major technical difficulties of non-intrusive composite monitoring. Binary V-I trajectory image can reflect the original V-I trajectory characteristics to a large extent, so it is widely used in load identification. However, using single binary V-I trajectory feature for load identification has certain limitations. In order to improve the accuracy of load identification, the power feature is added on the basis of the binary V-I trajectory feature in this paper. We change the initial binary V-I trajectory into a new 3D feature by mapping the power feature to the third dimension. In order to reduce the impact of imbalance samples on load identification, the SVM SMOTE algorithm is used to balance the samples. Based on the deep learning method, the convolutional neural network model is used to extract the newly produced 3D feature to achieve load identification in this paper. The results indicate the new 3D feature has better observability and the proposed model has higher identification performance compared with other classification models on the public data set PLAID. </div>展开更多
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is common among men,and radical surgery is the primary treatment.Surgery,however,can affect both physical and mental health,including anxiety,depression,and quality of life(QoL).AIM To asses...BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is common among men,and radical surgery is the primary treatment.Surgery,however,can affect both physical and mental health,including anxiety,depression,and quality of life(QoL).AIM To assess the effect of radical prostatectomy on psychological status and QoL in patients with prostate cancer.METHODS This observational study included 102 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy between June 2024 and April 2025.Pain(numerical rating scale),Hamilton Anxiety Scale,Hamilton Depression Scale,and QoL(European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and short-form 36)were evaluated before and after surgery.RESULTS At one month postoperatively,the mean European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 score increased significantly from 60.72±5.37 preoperatively to 86.48±7.52(P<0.001),indicating marked improvement in overall QoL.Psychological assessments revealed significant reductions in anxiety and depression:The mean Hamilton Anxiety Scale score decreased from 23.36±5.15 preoperatively to 12.15±4.36(P<0.001),and the mean Hamilton Depression Scale score declined from 22.61±5.02 to 13.83±4.54(P<0.001).Pain levels,as measured by the numerical rating scale,decreased significantly from 7.68±2.17 preoperatively to 2.67±0.72(P<0.001).Additionally,the urinary incontinence rate dropped from 20.59%(21/102)preoperatively to 11.76%(12/102)(P<0.05),showing a statistically significant reduction.CONCLUSION Radical prostatectomy improves psychological health and the QoL of patients with prostate cancer.These results may help to inform future therapies.展开更多
1.About CASEE The Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation(CASEE),also known as the Chinese Academy of Evaluation Sciences(CAES),is a key evaluation and research institute established by Hangzhou Dianzi Uni...1.About CASEE The Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation(CASEE),also known as the Chinese Academy of Evaluation Sciences(CAES),is a key evaluation and research institute established by Hangzhou Dianzi University in 2017.Prof.Junping Qiu,a well-known Chinese bibliometrican who has expertise in evaluation management and subsidized by the State Council of China,is the founder and the first president of CASEE.Under the leadership of Prof.Qiu,the CASEE attempts to achieve the following objectives.展开更多
The interactions of charge transfer(CT)and nonradiative energy transfer(ET)in heterojunctions of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides and quasi-2D single crystal perovskite thin films have the potential...The interactions of charge transfer(CT)and nonradiative energy transfer(ET)in heterojunctions of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides and quasi-2D single crystal perovskite thin films have the potential applications in sensor,energy harvesting and solar cells.However,the CT and ET between them are not clear.Herein,we examine the ET in a(PEA)_(2)PbI_(4)/WS_(2)(PEA stands for phenethylamine and(PEA)_(2)PbI_(4)is abbreviated as PEPI)heterojunction using combined ultrafast spectroscopy and nonlinear optical absorption measurements.The ET from PEPI to WS_(2)predicted by band alignment is first observed with photoluminescence spectroscopy and then revealed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to exhibit a high ET efficiency approximating 68%.展开更多
Seismicity resulting from the near-or in-field fault activation significantly affects the stability of large-scale underground caverns that are operating under high-stress conditions.A comprehensive scientific assessm...Seismicity resulting from the near-or in-field fault activation significantly affects the stability of large-scale underground caverns that are operating under high-stress conditions.A comprehensive scientific assessment of the operational safety of such caverns requires an in-depth understanding of the response characteristics of the rock mass subjected to dynamic disturbances.To address this issue,we conducted true triaxial modeling tests and dynamic numerical simulations on large underground caverns to investigate the impact of static stress levels,dynamic load parameters,and input directions on the response characteristics of the surrounding rock mass.The findings reveal that:(1)When subjected to identical incident stress waves and static loads,the surrounding rock mass exhibits the greatest stress response during horizontal incidence.When the incident direction is fixed,the mechanical response is more pronounced at the cavern wall parallel to the direction of dynamic loading.(2)A high initial static stress level specifically enhances the impact of dynamic loading.(3)The response of the surrounding rock mass is directly linked to the amplitude of the incident stress wave.High amplitude results in tensile damage in regions experiencing tensile stress concentration under static loading and shear damage in regions experiencing compressive stress concentration.These results have significant implications for the evaluation and prevention of dynamic disasters in the surrounding rock of underground caverns experiencing dynamic disturbances.展开更多
Background:The Cre/loxP system is most popular in mice,but its application in rats has largely lagged far behind.The rat is vital laboratory animal,especially in toxicological and neurological studies.Generating genet...Background:The Cre/loxP system is most popular in mice,but its application in rats has largely lagged far behind.The rat is vital laboratory animal,especially in toxicological and neurological studies.Generating genetic tools to manipulate neurons in rats could benefit neurological research.Methods:Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system,we inserted a Cre cassette into endogenous Thy1 and NeuN loci.Thy1-Cre rats featured a downstream P2A-linked insertion,while NeuN-Cre was inserted at the transcriptional start site.The Cre activity was assessed by crossing with a Cre reporter(Rosa26 imCherry)rat and through analyzing mCherry expression patterns.The specificity of cell type was further confirmed by immunofluorescence with NeuN antibody.Phenotypic consequences were assessed by crossing with ND1^(LSL) rats to deplete ND1,followed by monitoring weight/survival and conducting motor function tests.Results:We generated two neuron-specific rats(Thy1-Cre and NeuN-Cre),which exhibited high neuron-specific Cre expression in brain and spinal cord with minor leakage in other tissues.Thy1-Cre showed minor leakage in spleen,lung and kidney while NeuN-Cre showed minor leakage in spleen and kidney.ND1^(Thy1-Cre) and ND1^(NeuN-Cre) rats both showed decreased body weights and survival times.The ND1^(NeuN-Cre) rats died within two weeks,while ND1^(Thy1-Cre) rats lived longer with impaired motor function.Conclusions:We successfully generated two neuron-specific NeuN-Cre and Thy1-Cre rats,and systemically analyzed their expression pattern.展开更多
Synergistic therapy using multiple modalities is a highly promising therapeutic strategy.Near-infrared-Ⅱ(NIR-Ⅱ)fluorescence imaging,with its deep penetration and high fidelity,has frequently been employed in the lit...Synergistic therapy using multiple modalities is a highly promising therapeutic strategy.Near-infrared-Ⅱ(NIR-Ⅱ)fluorescence imaging,with its deep penetration and high fidelity,has frequently been employed in the literature to guide and assist treatment.Herein,we report the development of a NIR-Ⅱfluorescence imaging guided multi-therapy platform PDI-DS NPs,which integrates a novel activatable phototheranostic agent PDI-DBU,a H_(2)S donor DPS and an amphiphilic polymer DSPE-m PEG2000.In order to maximize redshift of absorption and emission of PDI derivatives,we introduced an electron donating group DBU on PDI to obtain PDI-DBU.PDI-DBU exhibits a distinct absorption band at 700-900 nm and demonstrates excellent NIR-Ⅱfluorescence emission/imaging properties and good photothermal effects under 808 nm laser irradiation.More importantly,under 808 nm laser irradiation,PDI-DBU could be oxidized,and the photodynamic effect of the material could be subsequently activated under 530 nm laser irradiation,achieving the combination of photothermal and activatable photodynamic dual modality treatment.The H_(2)S donor DPS,when triggered by the abundant glutathione(GSH)within the tumor microenvironment(TME),is capable of generating H_(2)S.On one hand,H_(2)S can inhibit tumor growth by disrupting mitochondrial function,on the other hand,it can also repress the expression of heat shock protein 90(HSP90),thereby reversing tumor cell resistance mechanism against photothermal therapy.The utilization of PDI-DS NPs combined with DPS for efficient tumor ablation has been successfully demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.This synergistic therapeutic platform thus offers a promising strategy in the field of NIR-Ⅱfluorescence imaging guided tumor therapy.展开更多
A systematic study was conducted on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of Ti-20Zr-xAl-2.5Sn(x=5,7,9,11,and 13 wt.%)quaternary alloy.The microstructure of the rolled alloys was characteri...A systematic study was conducted on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of Ti-20Zr-xAl-2.5Sn(x=5,7,9,11,and 13 wt.%)quaternary alloy.The microstructure of the rolled alloys was characterized by optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The mechanical properties were analyzed through tensile tests,microhardness tests,and friction wear tests.Corrosion performance was evaluated using electrochemical tests,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to analyze the passivation film on the alloy surface.The results show that increasing Al content improves the mechanical properties of the alloy,but excessive Al leads to the creation of Ti_(3)Al,resulting in a substantial deterioration of the mechanical characteristics of the alloy.The alloy with 7 wt.%Al exhibited the best overall mechanical properties.Electrochemical experiments revealed that higher Al content positively affected the corrosion resistance,with the alloy containing 7 wt.%Al showing the best corrosion resistance,followed by a slight decline.A small amount of Al_(2)O_(3)in the passivation film enhanced the corrosion resistance,but the formation of Al_(2)O_(3)with higher Al content decreased the corrosion performance.展开更多
The elemental segregation,microstructure,and mechanical properties of thermo-mechanical control process(TMCP)treated high-manganese wear-resistant steel(HMWS)were experimentally investigated.Firstly,the initial elemen...The elemental segregation,microstructure,and mechanical properties of thermo-mechanical control process(TMCP)treated high-manganese wear-resistant steel(HMWS)were experimentally investigated.Firstly,the initial elemental segregation in the continuous casting slab of HMWS was characterized using the original position analysis.The results showed that the elemental segregation predominantly occurred near the quarter and the center regions of the slab.The homogenization of manganese(Mn)in the slab was not as obvious as that of other elements after the heating process.Subsequently,a series of hot-rolling tests were carried out on HMWS slab samples under different TMCP conditions,and the elemental segregation and microstructure of the TMCP-treated HMWS were investigated by microscopic analysis methods.The findings demonstrated that the segregations of carbon and silicon were effectively eliminated after the TMCP treatment,while Mn segregation presented a band-shaped arrangement and could be reduced at lower finishing rolling temperatures.The matrix phase of HMWS remained austenite regardless of the TMCP conditions,and the average size of austenite grains increased with the increasing finishing rolling temperature.Carbide particles were observed to form within austenite grains and even along grain boundaries at higher coiling temperatures.Finally,the mechanical tests were performed on the TMCP-treated HMWS at room temperature.The mechanical properties including tensile stress,yield stress,Charpy impact energy,and microhardness were discussed considering the effects of Mn segregation band,microstructure,and carbide precipitation.展开更多
文摘Horizontal fracture-simulated completions remain the most reliable method of producing hydrocarbons from shale formations. The vast majority of unconventional wells are completed using the “Plug and Perf” method. This method involves using either a coiled tubing (CT) with a positive displacement motor or a jointed pipe to mill out composite plugs after fracturing operations are completed. An estimated average of 120,000 composite plugs is installed in the US alone each year. Bridge plug drillouts from milling operations tend to accumulate in horizontal wells and can cause stuck pipe incidents and loss of well control. Efficient removal of composite plugs’ debris is crucial in achieving operational efficacies and full production potential. This paper provides an overview of the various bridge plug drillouts cleaning practices adopted in horizontal wells. It discusses several case histories, showcasing how operators solved cleanout challenges. Developed mechanistic models to better understand hole cleaning are also reviewed. As more unconventional wells are being set at more extensive depths, an economical and optimized coiled tubing process becomes increasingly important. This paper focuses on delivering a more conclusive set of recommendations to increase efficiency and improve current composite plug coiled tubing cleaning-milling practices, increase operational efficiency and reduce cost.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Nos.2021YFA1101703/2021YFA1101700(to YD).
文摘Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death,with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue.However,the optimal timing and underlying therapeutic mechanisms of exosome treatment require further elucidation.In this study,we used a murine model of middle cerebral artery occlusion to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes administered intravenously at an early(6 hours)or delayed(3 days)time point post-ischemia.Compared with delayed treatment,early administration of exosomes resulted in significantly superior efficacy,as evidenced by improved neurological function scores and reduced infarct volumes.Transcriptomic analysis of brain tissues from mice receiving early exosome treatment revealed marked downregulation of inflammation-related genes,including Ccl2,Ccl5,Cxcl10,Il-1β,Il-6,Itgam,Itgax,and Tnf-α.Metabolomic profiling of these brain tissues further identified modulation of key metabolites,including trimethylamine N-oxide,glutathione,1-stearoyl-rac-glycerol,and phosphatidylcholine,suggesting that alteration of metabolic pathways contributes to the therapeutic effect.Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis pinpointed significant modulation of pathways involving metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid,lysine,propanoate,and tyrosine.These findings suggest that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes,particularly when administered early post-ischemia,exert their neuroprotective effects by broadly suppressing inflammatory pathways and modulating key metabolic processes in the ischemic brain,highlighting their potential as a therapeutic intervention for ischemic stroke.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52473338)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173004 and 51873055)+3 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA0540000)Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2025ZD0614000)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.E2022202015)Anhui Province Science and Technology Innovation Tackling Key Project(No.202423i08050025)。
文摘Heterogeneous polymerization represents a widely employed method in the polyolefin industry.In recent years,various heterogenization strategies for late transition metal catalysts have been developed,enabling effective control of polymer morphology and optimization of catalytic performance.However,while most studies have focused on designing anchoring groups and advancing support approaches,systematic investigations into how the support influences the catalytic behavior of the late transition metal catalysts.In this work,we fabricated supported α-diimine nickel catalysts by functionalizing the ligand with alkyl alcohol chains of varying lengths and supporting them onto MgCl_(2)supports.The ethylene polymerization behavior of these catalysts was then investigated.By precisely adjusting the alkyl alcohol chain length,the distance between the catalytically active metal center and the support surface was modulated.This approach demonstrates that support-induced steric hindrance effect can be effectively regulated by controlling the separation distance between the metal center and the support surface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A2055),Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China(No.21JCQNJC01280)Tianjin Key R&D Program Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Innovation Project(No.22YFXTHZ00120).
文摘The poor surface conditions and osseointegration capacity of 3D printed Ti6Al4V implants(3DPT)significantly influence their performance as orthopedic and dental implants.In this work,we creatively introduce a one-step femtosecond laser treatment to improve the surface conditions and osteointegration.The surface characterization,mechanical properties,corrosion resistance,and biological responses were investigated.These results found that femtosecond laser eliminated defects like embedded powders and superficial cracks while forming the nano cones-like structures surface on 3DPT,leading to enhanced osseointegration,anti-corrosion,and anti-fatigue performance.Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the ablation removal mechanism and the formation of nano cone-like structures.These findings were further supported by the in vivo studies,showing that the FS-treated implants had superior bone-implant contact and osseointegration.Hence,the one-step femtosecond laser method is regarded as a promising surface modification method for improving the functional performance of Ti-based orthopedic implants.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52173091,62101391。
文摘Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longrange continuous structure of the nanofiber,ion-charged groups can be induced to form long-range continuous ion transfer channels in the nanofiber composite membrane,significantly increasing the ion conductivity of the membrane.This review stands apart from previous endeavors by offering a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed over the past decade in utilizing both electrospun and natural nanofibers as key components of proton exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes for fuel cells.Electrospun nanofibers are categorized based on their material properties into two primary groups:(1)ionomer nanofibers,inherently endowed with the ability to conduct H+(such as perfluorosulfonic acid or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone))or OH-(e.g.,FAA-3),and(2)nonionic polymer nanofibers,comprising inert polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride,polytetrafluoroethylene,and polyacrylonitrile.Notably,the latter often necessitates surface modifications to impart ion transport channels,given their inherent proton inertness.Furthermore,this review delves into the recent progress made with three natural nanofibers derived from biodegradable cellulose—cellulose nanocrystals,cellulose nanofibers,and bacterial nanofibers—as crucial elements in polyelectrolyte membranes.The effect of the physical structure of such nanofibers on polyelectrolyte membrane properties is also briefly discussed.Lastly,the review emphasizes the challenges and outlines potential solutions for future research in the field of nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes,aiming to propel the development of high-performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0236)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU-XDJH202308)Earmarked Funds for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-26)。
文摘The complex of calcineurin B-like protein(CBL)and CBL-interacting protein kinase(CIPK)serves as key components in calcium-sensing,orchestrating various signals crucial for plant growth,development,and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.However,the mechanism underlying the response of this module to cold stress and its role in flower development in wintersweet(Chimonanthus praecox)remains unclear.Through expression pattern analysis,calcium ion(Ca^(2+))concentration assays,correlation analysis,and linear regression analysis,we found that the[Ca^(2+)],along with CpCBL8 and CpCIPK9 expression levels in wintersweet flower buds(FBs),significantly decreased during the initial flowering stage when the chilling requirement reached 570 chill units(CU).Notably,there was a significant positive correlation between[Ca^(2+)]and CpCBL8 expression.Ca^(2+)increased the expression of Cp CBL8 and CpCIPK9 in FBs,causing a significant delay in the flowering of wintersweet.Furthermore,the function of CpCBL8 was studied using heterologous transformation.Overexpression of CpCBL8 significantly delayed flowering time and significantly reduced cold tolerance and altered the expression pattern of endogenous genes related to low-temperature stress and flower development in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.Additionally,transcriptome analysis of chilling-induced dormancy breaking and flower bud enlargement revealed that CpCBL8 and CpCIPK9 were negatively regulated by cold,and the expression pattern of endogenous genes related to flower development and cold stress in wintersweet were similar to that of in A.thaliana.Moreover,protein-protein interaction(PPI)analysis revealed that CpCBL8 and CpCIPK9 interacted in the plasma membrane and nucleus.On the basis of these findings,we speculated that the CpCBL8-CpCIPK9 module plays a crucial role in regulating responses to cold stress and flower development in wintersweet.This study elucidated molecular mechanisms through which the downregulation of the Ca^(2+)-induced CpCBL8-CpCIPK9 module results in dormancy breaking and enhances cold tolerance.This study provides valuable insights for the cultivation of new varieties of wintersweet with increased ornamental value and enhanced cold stress tolerance.
文摘BACKGROUND： Myeloid cell （TREM-1） is an important mediator of the signal transduction pathway in inflammatory response. In this study, a mouse model of acute lung injury （ALl） by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） was established to observe the expression pattern of TREM-1 in lung tissue and the role of TREM-1 in pulmonary inflammatory response to ALl.METHODS： Thirty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into a normal control group （n=6） and an ALl group （n=24）. The model of ALl was made by intraperitonal injection of LPS in dose of 10 mg/ kg. Specimens from peripheral blood and lung tissue were collected 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after LPS injection. RT-PCR was used to detect TREM-1 mRNA, and ELISA was employed for detection of TREM-1 protein and TNF-a protein, and HE staining was performed for the pathological Smith lung scoring under a light microscope.RESULTS： The expressions of TREM-1 mRNAin lung tissue and blood of the ALl group 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after injection of LPS were higher than those in the control group. The levels of TREM- 1 protein and the levels of TNF-a protein in lung tissue of the ALl group 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after LPS injection were higher than those of the control group; the level of TREM-1 protein peaked 12 hours after LPS injection, but it was not significantly correlated with the expression of TREM-1 mRNA （P=0.14）; the TNF-a concentration was positively correlated with TREM-1 levels in lung tissue and with Smith pathological score （r=0.795, P=0.001 ：r=0.499, P=0.034）, but not with the expression of TREM-1 mRNA （P=0.176）.CONCLUSION： The expression of TREM-1 mRNA in lung tissue of mice with ALl is elevated, and the expression of TREM-1 mRNA is related to the level of TNF-a and the severity of inflammatory response to ALl. The expressions of the TREM-1 gene are not consistent with the levels of TREM-1 protein, suggesting a new functional protein involved in immune regulation.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> Load identification method is one of the major technical difficulties of non-intrusive composite monitoring. Binary V-I trajectory image can reflect the original V-I trajectory characteristics to a large extent, so it is widely used in load identification. However, using single binary V-I trajectory feature for load identification has certain limitations. In order to improve the accuracy of load identification, the power feature is added on the basis of the binary V-I trajectory feature in this paper. We change the initial binary V-I trajectory into a new 3D feature by mapping the power feature to the third dimension. In order to reduce the impact of imbalance samples on load identification, the SVM SMOTE algorithm is used to balance the samples. Based on the deep learning method, the convolutional neural network model is used to extract the newly produced 3D feature to achieve load identification in this paper. The results indicate the new 3D feature has better observability and the proposed model has higher identification performance compared with other classification models on the public data set PLAID. </div>
基金Supported by Shanxi Provincial Higher Education Institutions Scientific and Technological Innovation Program,No.2024083Science and Technology Achievements Promotion Program of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission,No.2024069Academy General Program of First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,No.YY2209。
文摘BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is common among men,and radical surgery is the primary treatment.Surgery,however,can affect both physical and mental health,including anxiety,depression,and quality of life(QoL).AIM To assess the effect of radical prostatectomy on psychological status and QoL in patients with prostate cancer.METHODS This observational study included 102 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy between June 2024 and April 2025.Pain(numerical rating scale),Hamilton Anxiety Scale,Hamilton Depression Scale,and QoL(European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and short-form 36)were evaluated before and after surgery.RESULTS At one month postoperatively,the mean European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 score increased significantly from 60.72±5.37 preoperatively to 86.48±7.52(P<0.001),indicating marked improvement in overall QoL.Psychological assessments revealed significant reductions in anxiety and depression:The mean Hamilton Anxiety Scale score decreased from 23.36±5.15 preoperatively to 12.15±4.36(P<0.001),and the mean Hamilton Depression Scale score declined from 22.61±5.02 to 13.83±4.54(P<0.001).Pain levels,as measured by the numerical rating scale,decreased significantly from 7.68±2.17 preoperatively to 2.67±0.72(P<0.001).Additionally,the urinary incontinence rate dropped from 20.59%(21/102)preoperatively to 11.76%(12/102)(P<0.05),showing a statistically significant reduction.CONCLUSION Radical prostatectomy improves psychological health and the QoL of patients with prostate cancer.These results may help to inform future therapies.
文摘1.About CASEE The Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation(CASEE),also known as the Chinese Academy of Evaluation Sciences(CAES),is a key evaluation and research institute established by Hangzhou Dianzi University in 2017.Prof.Junping Qiu,a well-known Chinese bibliometrican who has expertise in evaluation management and subsidized by the State Council of China,is the founder and the first president of CASEE.Under the leadership of Prof.Qiu,the CASEE attempts to achieve the following objectives.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52472153,11704081,and 62175210)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2020GXNSFAA297182)the special fund for"Guangxi Bagui Scholars,"National Science and Technology Innovation Talent Cultivation Program(No.2023BZRC016)
文摘The interactions of charge transfer(CT)and nonradiative energy transfer(ET)in heterojunctions of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides and quasi-2D single crystal perovskite thin films have the potential applications in sensor,energy harvesting and solar cells.However,the CT and ET between them are not clear.Herein,we examine the ET in a(PEA)_(2)PbI_(4)/WS_(2)(PEA stands for phenethylamine and(PEA)_(2)PbI_(4)is abbreviated as PEPI)heterojunction using combined ultrafast spectroscopy and nonlinear optical absorption measurements.The ET from PEPI to WS_(2)predicted by band alignment is first observed with photoluminescence spectroscopy and then revealed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to exhibit a high ET efficiency approximating 68%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52279116)the Key Projects of the Yalong River Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.U1865203).
文摘Seismicity resulting from the near-or in-field fault activation significantly affects the stability of large-scale underground caverns that are operating under high-stress conditions.A comprehensive scientific assessment of the operational safety of such caverns requires an in-depth understanding of the response characteristics of the rock mass subjected to dynamic disturbances.To address this issue,we conducted true triaxial modeling tests and dynamic numerical simulations on large underground caverns to investigate the impact of static stress levels,dynamic load parameters,and input directions on the response characteristics of the surrounding rock mass.The findings reveal that:(1)When subjected to identical incident stress waves and static loads,the surrounding rock mass exhibits the greatest stress response during horizontal incidence.When the incident direction is fixed,the mechanical response is more pronounced at the cavern wall parallel to the direction of dynamic loading.(2)A high initial static stress level specifically enhances the impact of dynamic loading.(3)The response of the surrounding rock mass is directly linked to the amplitude of the incident stress wave.High amplitude results in tensile damage in regions experiencing tensile stress concentration under static loading and shear damage in regions experiencing compressive stress concentration.These results have significant implications for the evaluation and prevention of dynamic disasters in the surrounding rock of underground caverns experiencing dynamic disturbances.
基金Research Project of China Baoyuan Investment Co.,Ltd,Grant/Award Number:Program CBYI202102Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund,Grant/Award Number:HH24KYZX0007+4 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-024,2021-I2M-1-034 and 2023-I2M-2-001Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:3332022040 and 3332023164Open Research Project in State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling,Peking University,Grant/Award Number:202411State Key Laboratory Special Fund,Grant/Award Number:2060204the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2023-PT180-01.
文摘Background:The Cre/loxP system is most popular in mice,but its application in rats has largely lagged far behind.The rat is vital laboratory animal,especially in toxicological and neurological studies.Generating genetic tools to manipulate neurons in rats could benefit neurological research.Methods:Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system,we inserted a Cre cassette into endogenous Thy1 and NeuN loci.Thy1-Cre rats featured a downstream P2A-linked insertion,while NeuN-Cre was inserted at the transcriptional start site.The Cre activity was assessed by crossing with a Cre reporter(Rosa26 imCherry)rat and through analyzing mCherry expression patterns.The specificity of cell type was further confirmed by immunofluorescence with NeuN antibody.Phenotypic consequences were assessed by crossing with ND1^(LSL) rats to deplete ND1,followed by monitoring weight/survival and conducting motor function tests.Results:We generated two neuron-specific rats(Thy1-Cre and NeuN-Cre),which exhibited high neuron-specific Cre expression in brain and spinal cord with minor leakage in other tissues.Thy1-Cre showed minor leakage in spleen,lung and kidney while NeuN-Cre showed minor leakage in spleen and kidney.ND1^(Thy1-Cre) and ND1^(NeuN-Cre) rats both showed decreased body weights and survival times.The ND1^(NeuN-Cre) rats died within two weeks,while ND1^(Thy1-Cre) rats lived longer with impaired motor function.Conclusions:We successfully generated two neuron-specific NeuN-Cre and Thy1-Cre rats,and systemically analyzed their expression pattern.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22274148)the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Jilin Province(Nos.20220204098YY,20230402045GH,20230402018GH,YDZJ202201ZYTS359,YDZJ202201ZYTS351,20240404070ZP,SKL202302030)the Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission’s Innovation Capacity Building Program(No.2023C041-8)。
文摘Synergistic therapy using multiple modalities is a highly promising therapeutic strategy.Near-infrared-Ⅱ(NIR-Ⅱ)fluorescence imaging,with its deep penetration and high fidelity,has frequently been employed in the literature to guide and assist treatment.Herein,we report the development of a NIR-Ⅱfluorescence imaging guided multi-therapy platform PDI-DS NPs,which integrates a novel activatable phototheranostic agent PDI-DBU,a H_(2)S donor DPS and an amphiphilic polymer DSPE-m PEG2000.In order to maximize redshift of absorption and emission of PDI derivatives,we introduced an electron donating group DBU on PDI to obtain PDI-DBU.PDI-DBU exhibits a distinct absorption band at 700-900 nm and demonstrates excellent NIR-Ⅱfluorescence emission/imaging properties and good photothermal effects under 808 nm laser irradiation.More importantly,under 808 nm laser irradiation,PDI-DBU could be oxidized,and the photodynamic effect of the material could be subsequently activated under 530 nm laser irradiation,achieving the combination of photothermal and activatable photodynamic dual modality treatment.The H_(2)S donor DPS,when triggered by the abundant glutathione(GSH)within the tumor microenvironment(TME),is capable of generating H_(2)S.On one hand,H_(2)S can inhibit tumor growth by disrupting mitochondrial function,on the other hand,it can also repress the expression of heat shock protein 90(HSP90),thereby reversing tumor cell resistance mechanism against photothermal therapy.The utilization of PDI-DS NPs combined with DPS for efficient tumor ablation has been successfully demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.This synergistic therapeutic platform thus offers a promising strategy in the field of NIR-Ⅱfluorescence imaging guided tumor therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52474406,52405226,and 52071126)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.E2024202254)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City China(Grant No.22JCQNJC01240)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(Grant No.226Z1009G)the Special funds for science and technology innovation in Hebei(Grant No.2022X19).
文摘A systematic study was conducted on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of Ti-20Zr-xAl-2.5Sn(x=5,7,9,11,and 13 wt.%)quaternary alloy.The microstructure of the rolled alloys was characterized by optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The mechanical properties were analyzed through tensile tests,microhardness tests,and friction wear tests.Corrosion performance was evaluated using electrochemical tests,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to analyze the passivation film on the alloy surface.The results show that increasing Al content improves the mechanical properties of the alloy,but excessive Al leads to the creation of Ti_(3)Al,resulting in a substantial deterioration of the mechanical characteristics of the alloy.The alloy with 7 wt.%Al exhibited the best overall mechanical properties.Electrochemical experiments revealed that higher Al content positively affected the corrosion resistance,with the alloy containing 7 wt.%Al showing the best corrosion resistance,followed by a slight decline.A small amount of Al_(2)O_(3)in the passivation film enhanced the corrosion resistance,but the formation of Al_(2)O_(3)with higher Al content decreased the corrosion performance.
基金support for this research provided by the High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan of China(Grant No.G2022105011L).
文摘The elemental segregation,microstructure,and mechanical properties of thermo-mechanical control process(TMCP)treated high-manganese wear-resistant steel(HMWS)were experimentally investigated.Firstly,the initial elemental segregation in the continuous casting slab of HMWS was characterized using the original position analysis.The results showed that the elemental segregation predominantly occurred near the quarter and the center regions of the slab.The homogenization of manganese(Mn)in the slab was not as obvious as that of other elements after the heating process.Subsequently,a series of hot-rolling tests were carried out on HMWS slab samples under different TMCP conditions,and the elemental segregation and microstructure of the TMCP-treated HMWS were investigated by microscopic analysis methods.The findings demonstrated that the segregations of carbon and silicon were effectively eliminated after the TMCP treatment,while Mn segregation presented a band-shaped arrangement and could be reduced at lower finishing rolling temperatures.The matrix phase of HMWS remained austenite regardless of the TMCP conditions,and the average size of austenite grains increased with the increasing finishing rolling temperature.Carbide particles were observed to form within austenite grains and even along grain boundaries at higher coiling temperatures.Finally,the mechanical tests were performed on the TMCP-treated HMWS at room temperature.The mechanical properties including tensile stress,yield stress,Charpy impact energy,and microhardness were discussed considering the effects of Mn segregation band,microstructure,and carbide precipitation.
