The safety and stability of high-speed maglev trains traveling on viaducts in crosswinds critically depend on their aerodynamic characteristics.Therefore,this paper uses an improved delayed detached eddy simulation(ID...The safety and stability of high-speed maglev trains traveling on viaducts in crosswinds critically depend on their aerodynamic characteristics.Therefore,this paper uses an improved delayed detached eddy simulation(IDDES)method to investigate the aerodynamic features of high-speed maglev trains with different marshaling lengths under crosswinds.The effects of marshaling lengths(varying from 3-car to 8-car groups)on the train’s aerodynamic performance,surface pressure,and the flow field surrounding the train were investigated using the three-dimensional unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes(N-S)equations.The results showed that the marshaling lengths had minimal influence on the aerodynamic performance of the head and middle cars.Conversely,the marshaling lengths are negatively correlated with the time-average side force coefficient(CS)and time-average lift force coefficient(Cl)of the tail car.Compared to the tail car of the 3-car groups,the CS and Cl fell by 27.77%and 18.29%,respectively,for the tail car of the 8-car groups.It is essential to pay more attention to the operational safety of the head car,as it exhibits the highest time average CS.Additionally,the mean pressure difference between the two sides of the tail car body increased with the marshaling lengths,and the side force direction on the tail car was opposite to that of the head and middle cars.Furthermore,the turbulent kinetic energy of the wake structure on the windward side quickly decreased as marshaling lengths increased.展开更多
Flammulin, an anti-tumor protein, was purified from the aqueous extract of basidiomes of Flammulina Velutipes to electrophoretic homogeneity and crystallized by microdialysis against a polyethylene glycol- sodium phos...Flammulin, an anti-tumor protein, was purified from the aqueous extract of basidiomes of Flammulina Velutipes to electrophoretic homogeneity and crystallized by microdialysis against a polyethylene glycol- sodium phosphate buffer. The purified product was found to have marked anti-tumor effects and be able to affect the tumor cells directly.展开更多
Dear Editor,The orientation of a membrane protein can provide important information about its interaction partners,function,and mechanism of action.In addition to traditional biochemical assays,new methods have been d...Dear Editor,The orientation of a membrane protein can provide important information about its interaction partners,function,and mechanism of action.In addition to traditional biochemical assays,new methods have been developed to reveal the orientation of membrane proteins.For example,computer programs have been developed to predict membrane protein topology but often have inaccuracies(Ott and Lingappa,2002;Schwacke et al.,2003).A widely used method is the fluorescence protease protection(FPP)assay(Lomize et al.,2006;Lorenz et al.,2008;White et al.,2015).However,it often fails to give good results for assays of plant membrane proteins.Here,we developed a simpler method based on release of a fluorescent protein tag(RFT)by the tobacco etch virus(TEV)protease to overcome the shortcomings of FPP and analyze the orientation of membrane proteins in plants.展开更多
基金supported by Wuyi University Hong Kong and Macao Joint Research and Development Fund(GrantsNos.2021WGALH15,2019WGALH17,2019WGALH15)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Fund(GrantsNo.2019A1515111052)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52202426)a grant from the Research Grants Council(RGC)of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(SAR),China(Grants No.15205723)a grant from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Grant No.P0045325).
文摘The safety and stability of high-speed maglev trains traveling on viaducts in crosswinds critically depend on their aerodynamic characteristics.Therefore,this paper uses an improved delayed detached eddy simulation(IDDES)method to investigate the aerodynamic features of high-speed maglev trains with different marshaling lengths under crosswinds.The effects of marshaling lengths(varying from 3-car to 8-car groups)on the train’s aerodynamic performance,surface pressure,and the flow field surrounding the train were investigated using the three-dimensional unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes(N-S)equations.The results showed that the marshaling lengths had minimal influence on the aerodynamic performance of the head and middle cars.Conversely,the marshaling lengths are negatively correlated with the time-average side force coefficient(CS)and time-average lift force coefficient(Cl)of the tail car.Compared to the tail car of the 3-car groups,the CS and Cl fell by 27.77%and 18.29%,respectively,for the tail car of the 8-car groups.It is essential to pay more attention to the operational safety of the head car,as it exhibits the highest time average CS.Additionally,the mean pressure difference between the two sides of the tail car body increased with the marshaling lengths,and the side force direction on the tail car was opposite to that of the head and middle cars.Furthermore,the turbulent kinetic energy of the wake structure on the windward side quickly decreased as marshaling lengths increased.
文摘Flammulin, an anti-tumor protein, was purified from the aqueous extract of basidiomes of Flammulina Velutipes to electrophoretic homogeneity and crystallized by microdialysis against a polyethylene glycol- sodium phosphate buffer. The purified product was found to have marked anti-tumor effects and be able to affect the tumor cells directly.
基金supported by grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022BLRD14)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.32070696 and 31570182).
文摘Dear Editor,The orientation of a membrane protein can provide important information about its interaction partners,function,and mechanism of action.In addition to traditional biochemical assays,new methods have been developed to reveal the orientation of membrane proteins.For example,computer programs have been developed to predict membrane protein topology but often have inaccuracies(Ott and Lingappa,2002;Schwacke et al.,2003).A widely used method is the fluorescence protease protection(FPP)assay(Lomize et al.,2006;Lorenz et al.,2008;White et al.,2015).However,it often fails to give good results for assays of plant membrane proteins.Here,we developed a simpler method based on release of a fluorescent protein tag(RFT)by the tobacco etch virus(TEV)protease to overcome the shortcomings of FPP and analyze the orientation of membrane proteins in plants.
