Mesenchymal stem cells are highly regarded for their potential in tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to their multipotency and self-renewal abilities.Recently,mesenchymal stem cells have been redefined as“me...Mesenchymal stem cells are highly regarded for their potential in tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to their multipotency and self-renewal abilities.Recently,mesenchymal stem cells have been redefined as“medical signaling cells,”with their primary biological effects mediated through exosome secretion.These exosomes,which contain lipids,proteins,RNA,and metabolites,are crucial in regulating various biological processes and enhancing regenerative therapies.Exosomes replicate the effects of their parent cells while offering benefits such as reduced side effects,low immunogenicity,excellent biocompatibility,and high drug-loading capacity.Dental stem cells,including those from apical papilla,gingiva,dental pulp,and other sources,are key contributors to exosome-mediated regenerative effects,such as tumor cell apoptosis,neuroprotection,angiogenesis,osteogenesis,and immune modulation.Despite their promise,clinical application of exosomes is limited by challenges in isolation techniques.Current methods face issues of complexity,inefficiency,and insufficient purity,hindering detailed analysis.Recent advancements,such as micro-electromechanical systems,alternating current electroosmosis,and serum-free three-dimensional cell cultures,have improved exosome isolation efficacy.This review synthesizes nearly 200 studies on dental stem cell-derived exosomes,highlighting their potential in treating a wide range of conditions,including periodontal diseases,cancer,neurodegenerative disorders,diabetes,and more.Optimized isolation methods offer a path forward for overcoming current limitations and advancing the clinical use of exosome-based therapies.展开更多
Currently,cell culture models play a key role in determining cell behavior under various conditions.However,the accurate simulation of cellular behavior that imitates the body’s conditions remains a challenge.Therefo...Currently,cell culture models play a key role in determining cell behavior under various conditions.However,the accurate simulation of cellular behavior that imitates the body’s conditions remains a challenge.Therefore,to overcome this obstacle,three-dimensional cell culture models have been developed.Microfluidic tissues/organs-on-chips(TOOCs)are new devices that have provided the opportunity to culture cells in a medium that is almost similar to the physiological conditions of the body.TOOCs can be designed in simple or complex models,which are mostly fabricated by soft lithography.These novel structures have been developed to mimic the conditions of various tissues and organs;however,microfluidic models for oral and dental tissues have not yet been widely used.The application of TOOCs for oral tissues/organs can provide the opportunity to study cell interactions with biomaterials used in dentistry.Furthermore,TOOCs can provide the opportunity to study the cellular interactions and developmental stages of oral tissues/organs more accurately.This review of the current advances in the field of TOOC development for oral tissues provides a comprehensive understanding of this burgeoning concept,shows the progress and applications of these novel models in the imitation of oral tissues/organs thus far,and reveals the limitations that TOOCs confront.Moreover,it suggests further perspectives for future applications.展开更多
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells are highly regarded for their potential in tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to their multipotency and self-renewal abilities.Recently,mesenchymal stem cells have been redefined as“medical signaling cells,”with their primary biological effects mediated through exosome secretion.These exosomes,which contain lipids,proteins,RNA,and metabolites,are crucial in regulating various biological processes and enhancing regenerative therapies.Exosomes replicate the effects of their parent cells while offering benefits such as reduced side effects,low immunogenicity,excellent biocompatibility,and high drug-loading capacity.Dental stem cells,including those from apical papilla,gingiva,dental pulp,and other sources,are key contributors to exosome-mediated regenerative effects,such as tumor cell apoptosis,neuroprotection,angiogenesis,osteogenesis,and immune modulation.Despite their promise,clinical application of exosomes is limited by challenges in isolation techniques.Current methods face issues of complexity,inefficiency,and insufficient purity,hindering detailed analysis.Recent advancements,such as micro-electromechanical systems,alternating current electroosmosis,and serum-free three-dimensional cell cultures,have improved exosome isolation efficacy.This review synthesizes nearly 200 studies on dental stem cell-derived exosomes,highlighting their potential in treating a wide range of conditions,including periodontal diseases,cancer,neurodegenerative disorders,diabetes,and more.Optimized isolation methods offer a path forward for overcoming current limitations and advancing the clinical use of exosome-based therapies.
基金supported by the National Institute of Dental&Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health(Nos.R15DE027533,R56 DE029191,and 3R15DE027533-01A1W1).
文摘Currently,cell culture models play a key role in determining cell behavior under various conditions.However,the accurate simulation of cellular behavior that imitates the body’s conditions remains a challenge.Therefore,to overcome this obstacle,three-dimensional cell culture models have been developed.Microfluidic tissues/organs-on-chips(TOOCs)are new devices that have provided the opportunity to culture cells in a medium that is almost similar to the physiological conditions of the body.TOOCs can be designed in simple or complex models,which are mostly fabricated by soft lithography.These novel structures have been developed to mimic the conditions of various tissues and organs;however,microfluidic models for oral and dental tissues have not yet been widely used.The application of TOOCs for oral tissues/organs can provide the opportunity to study cell interactions with biomaterials used in dentistry.Furthermore,TOOCs can provide the opportunity to study the cellular interactions and developmental stages of oral tissues/organs more accurately.This review of the current advances in the field of TOOC development for oral tissues provides a comprehensive understanding of this burgeoning concept,shows the progress and applications of these novel models in the imitation of oral tissues/organs thus far,and reveals the limitations that TOOCs confront.Moreover,it suggests further perspectives for future applications.
