Skull structures are important for biomechanical head simulations,but they are mostly reconstructed frommedical images.These reconstruction methods harmthe human body and have a long processing time.Currently,skull st...Skull structures are important for biomechanical head simulations,but they are mostly reconstructed frommedical images.These reconstruction methods harmthe human body and have a long processing time.Currently,skull structures canbe straightforwardly predictedfromthe head,but a fullheadshapemust be available.Most scanning devices can only capture the face shape.Consequently,a method that can quickly predict the full skull structures from the face is necessary.In this study,a novel face-to-skull prediction procedure is introduced.Given a threedimensional(3-D)face shape,a skull mesh could be predicted so that its shape would statistically fit the face shape.Several prediction strategies were conducted.The optimal prediction strategy with its optimal hyperparameters was experimentally selected through a ten-fold cross-validation with 329 subjects.As a result,the face-to-skull prediction strategy based on the relations between face head shape and back head shape,between face head shape and face skull shape,and between back head shape and back skull shape was optimal.The optimal mean mesh-to-mesh distance(mean±SD)between the predicted skull shapes and the ground truth skull shapes was 1.93±0.36 mm,and those between the predicted skull meshes and the ground truth skull meshes were 2.65±0.36 mm.Moreover,the prediction errors in back-skull and muscle attachment regions were 1.7432±0.5217 mm and 1.7671±0.3829 mm,respectively.These errors are within the acceptable range of facial muscle simulation.In perspective,this method will be employed in our clinical decision support system to enhance the accuracy of biomechanical head simulation based on a stereo fusion camera system.Moreover,we will also enhance the accuracy of the face-to-skull prediction by diversifying the dataset intomore varied geographical regions and genders.More types of parameters,such as BodyMass Index(BMI),coupled with head-to-skull thicknesses,will be fused with the proposed face-to-skull procedure.展开更多
基金funded by the International University,VNU-HCM,under grant number T2023-01-BME.
文摘Skull structures are important for biomechanical head simulations,but they are mostly reconstructed frommedical images.These reconstruction methods harmthe human body and have a long processing time.Currently,skull structures canbe straightforwardly predictedfromthe head,but a fullheadshapemust be available.Most scanning devices can only capture the face shape.Consequently,a method that can quickly predict the full skull structures from the face is necessary.In this study,a novel face-to-skull prediction procedure is introduced.Given a threedimensional(3-D)face shape,a skull mesh could be predicted so that its shape would statistically fit the face shape.Several prediction strategies were conducted.The optimal prediction strategy with its optimal hyperparameters was experimentally selected through a ten-fold cross-validation with 329 subjects.As a result,the face-to-skull prediction strategy based on the relations between face head shape and back head shape,between face head shape and face skull shape,and between back head shape and back skull shape was optimal.The optimal mean mesh-to-mesh distance(mean±SD)between the predicted skull shapes and the ground truth skull shapes was 1.93±0.36 mm,and those between the predicted skull meshes and the ground truth skull meshes were 2.65±0.36 mm.Moreover,the prediction errors in back-skull and muscle attachment regions were 1.7432±0.5217 mm and 1.7671±0.3829 mm,respectively.These errors are within the acceptable range of facial muscle simulation.In perspective,this method will be employed in our clinical decision support system to enhance the accuracy of biomechanical head simulation based on a stereo fusion camera system.Moreover,we will also enhance the accuracy of the face-to-skull prediction by diversifying the dataset intomore varied geographical regions and genders.More types of parameters,such as BodyMass Index(BMI),coupled with head-to-skull thicknesses,will be fused with the proposed face-to-skull procedure.
