Background:Resistance exercise has numerous,well-documented benefits on the health and functional performance of older adults.However,little information exists on the affective responses to resistance exercise in this...Background:Resistance exercise has numerous,well-documented benefits on the health and functional performance of older adults.However,little information exists on the affective responses to resistance exercise in this population.As affective responses can predict continued exercise behavior,examining if and how they differ between resistance exercise intensities and frequencies in older adults may provide important data to improve resistance exercise prescription.Methods:We monitored the affective responses of older adults when performing high-velocity,low-load(HVLL)or low-velocity,high-load(LVHL)resistance exercise once or twice weekly.A total of 40 moderately to highly active,but resistance-exercise naïve,older adults(60-79 years)completed 1 of 4 randomly assigned progressive resistance exercise conditions:HVLL once weekly(HVLL1:n=10),HVLL twice weekly(HVLL2:n=10),LVHL once weekly(LVHL1:n=10),or LVHL twice weekly(LVHL2:n=10).The Physical Activity Affect Scale,Felt Arousal Scale,Feeling Scale,rating of perceived exertion,Visual Analog Scale,and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale were used to assess enjoyment and affective responses.Results:The results from Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale(out of 35)suggest that all exercise conditions were largely and similarly enjoyable to older adults(HVLL1:30.9±2.4;LVHL1:31.9±3.6;HVLL2:30.9±3.5;LVHL2:30.2±3.7)despite greater fatigue(p=0.033;ηp^2p=0.22)and perceived workload(p=0.042;ηp^2=0.20)in LVHL(results from Visual Analog Scale).Conclusion:Moderately to highly physically active older adults may tolerate higher intensities of resistance exercise performed once or twice weekly without experiencing a negative impact on enjoyment.However,the role that supervision and social interaction played in shaping the participants’responses is unclear.展开更多
Purpose Understanding the desired attributes for talented soccer players may give insight into the process of(de)selection and player development.This study aimed to explore soccer academy personnel’s perceptions of ...Purpose Understanding the desired attributes for talented soccer players may give insight into the process of(de)selection and player development.This study aimed to explore soccer academy personnel’s perceptions of attributes associated with talent and development.Methods Thirty English and Scottish academy personnel(managers,coaches,recruitment,sports scientists)provided per-ceptions into what attributes contribute to‘talent’,via an online survey.Utilising an E-Delphi method,seven experts refined these inputs over several rounds until a consensus was reached,resulting in 82 agreed terminology.This terminology was resubmitted via a second online survey,where 45 academy personnel rated each using a Likert scale.Results A ranking of attributes by importance was produced,finding Psychological and Technical/Tactical attributes con-sidered of greatest importance.Differences were observed,whereby recruitment personnel consistently over-emphasised the importance of several attributes compared to other personnel(P=0.02-0.04).When analyzed within each age phase,11 variations in the perceived importance of attributes were demonstrated in the youth phase(11-16 years,P=0.01)compared with 5 in the professional phases(17-23 years,P=0.01-0.05)Conclusion The present study demonstrates that‘talent’requires multifaceted developments,with academy personnel per-ceiving psychological attributes the most important contributor to development.展开更多
The present study engaged in an ethnographical observation of the processes used to determine player(de)selections within a professional academy.English category-2 youth academy players(n=96)from U10-U16 age groups un...The present study engaged in an ethnographical observation of the processes used to determine player(de)selections within a professional academy.English category-2 youth academy players(n=96)from U10-U16 age groups undertook anthropo-metric profiling(height,mass and somatic maturation)and fitness assessments(10 m,20 m&30 m linear sprints,505-agility test,countermovement and squat jumps).Each players lead coach(n=4)subjectively graded players utilising a red,amber and green(RAG)rating system on a weekly(current performance)and quarterly(perceived potential)basis,across 25 weeks.A MANCOVA,controlling for maturation,was applied to determine differences in(de)selection by physical performance.Mann Whitney-U tests were used to distinguish difference in(de)selection by subjective grading(weekly and quarterly).The key finding was that quarterly subjective gradings established a higher cumulative score of green ratings in selected players and a low cumulative score of red ratings,and vice versa for deselected players(P≤0.001 to 0.03).However,whilst these findings suggest that quarterly subjective grades of potential were able to provide the best predictors for player(de)selection,the findings should be viewed with caution due to high potential for confirmatory bias.展开更多
基金This study was funded by Cybex International as part of a funded PhD.
文摘Background:Resistance exercise has numerous,well-documented benefits on the health and functional performance of older adults.However,little information exists on the affective responses to resistance exercise in this population.As affective responses can predict continued exercise behavior,examining if and how they differ between resistance exercise intensities and frequencies in older adults may provide important data to improve resistance exercise prescription.Methods:We monitored the affective responses of older adults when performing high-velocity,low-load(HVLL)or low-velocity,high-load(LVHL)resistance exercise once or twice weekly.A total of 40 moderately to highly active,but resistance-exercise naïve,older adults(60-79 years)completed 1 of 4 randomly assigned progressive resistance exercise conditions:HVLL once weekly(HVLL1:n=10),HVLL twice weekly(HVLL2:n=10),LVHL once weekly(LVHL1:n=10),or LVHL twice weekly(LVHL2:n=10).The Physical Activity Affect Scale,Felt Arousal Scale,Feeling Scale,rating of perceived exertion,Visual Analog Scale,and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale were used to assess enjoyment and affective responses.Results:The results from Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale(out of 35)suggest that all exercise conditions were largely and similarly enjoyable to older adults(HVLL1:30.9±2.4;LVHL1:31.9±3.6;HVLL2:30.9±3.5;LVHL2:30.2±3.7)despite greater fatigue(p=0.033;ηp^2p=0.22)and perceived workload(p=0.042;ηp^2=0.20)in LVHL(results from Visual Analog Scale).Conclusion:Moderately to highly physically active older adults may tolerate higher intensities of resistance exercise performed once or twice weekly without experiencing a negative impact on enjoyment.However,the role that supervision and social interaction played in shaping the participants’responses is unclear.
文摘Purpose Understanding the desired attributes for talented soccer players may give insight into the process of(de)selection and player development.This study aimed to explore soccer academy personnel’s perceptions of attributes associated with talent and development.Methods Thirty English and Scottish academy personnel(managers,coaches,recruitment,sports scientists)provided per-ceptions into what attributes contribute to‘talent’,via an online survey.Utilising an E-Delphi method,seven experts refined these inputs over several rounds until a consensus was reached,resulting in 82 agreed terminology.This terminology was resubmitted via a second online survey,where 45 academy personnel rated each using a Likert scale.Results A ranking of attributes by importance was produced,finding Psychological and Technical/Tactical attributes con-sidered of greatest importance.Differences were observed,whereby recruitment personnel consistently over-emphasised the importance of several attributes compared to other personnel(P=0.02-0.04).When analyzed within each age phase,11 variations in the perceived importance of attributes were demonstrated in the youth phase(11-16 years,P=0.01)compared with 5 in the professional phases(17-23 years,P=0.01-0.05)Conclusion The present study demonstrates that‘talent’requires multifaceted developments,with academy personnel per-ceiving psychological attributes the most important contributor to development.
文摘The present study engaged in an ethnographical observation of the processes used to determine player(de)selections within a professional academy.English category-2 youth academy players(n=96)from U10-U16 age groups undertook anthropo-metric profiling(height,mass and somatic maturation)and fitness assessments(10 m,20 m&30 m linear sprints,505-agility test,countermovement and squat jumps).Each players lead coach(n=4)subjectively graded players utilising a red,amber and green(RAG)rating system on a weekly(current performance)and quarterly(perceived potential)basis,across 25 weeks.A MANCOVA,controlling for maturation,was applied to determine differences in(de)selection by physical performance.Mann Whitney-U tests were used to distinguish difference in(de)selection by subjective grading(weekly and quarterly).The key finding was that quarterly subjective gradings established a higher cumulative score of green ratings in selected players and a low cumulative score of red ratings,and vice versa for deselected players(P≤0.001 to 0.03).However,whilst these findings suggest that quarterly subjective grades of potential were able to provide the best predictors for player(de)selection,the findings should be viewed with caution due to high potential for confirmatory bias.
